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The early history of leukemia reaches back 200 years. In 1811, Peter Cullen defined a case of splenitis acutus with unexplainable milky blood. Alfred Velpeau defined the leukemia associated symptoms, and observed pus in the blood vessels (1825). Alfred Donne detected a maturation arrest of the white blood cells (1844). John Bennett named the disease leucocythemia, based on the microscopic accumulation of purulent leucocytes (1845). That same year, Rudolf Virchow defined a reversed white and red blood cell balance. He introduced the disease as leukamie in 1847. Henry Fuller performed the first microscopic diagnose of a leukemic patient during life (1846). This gradual process brought us towards our current understanding of this complex disease. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biomolecular Sciences: uniting Biology and Chemistry www.rug.nl/research/gbb The scientific discoveries in biomolecular sciences have benefitted enormously from technological innovations. At the Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute (GBB) we now sequence a genome in days, construct thousands of mutants, assemble novel pathways, compute the motions of and within molecules, and visualize single molecules and cells by electron and advanced fluorescence microscopy. The GBB was founded in 1992, but the history of biomolecular sciences in Groningen dates back to much earlier times, arguably starting with the appointment of Max Gruber as the first professor in Biochemistry in 1956. The GBB was established to unite the excellent research on biomolecules and cellular systems within the disciplines of Biology and Chemistry, providing a platform for multidisciplinary training of postdoctoral fellows and (under)graduate students. Since 1993, the GBB has been accredited as a Dutch research school by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and successfully performs to these standards for 25 years.

Ebifananyi at The Uganda Museum, an exhibition relating to my doctoral research, following up on an earlier exhibition in Antwerp, Belgium and in Kampala part of KLAART18, a ‘public art festival which celebrates public art for and in the city’. The visitors of the show in Antwerp were welcomed with a letter from co-curators of the exhibition Bas Vroege and Joachim Naudts. Here they were welcomed by me: Dear Visitor, You are most welcome to a temporary exhibition about photographs. ‘Ebifananyi’, the Luganda word that is used to signify photographs as well as other likenesses, gives you the opportunity to see a variety of historical photographs made in Uganda. It also invites you to reflect on what you see. In 2011 Canon Griffin and I set up History In Progress Uganda, a platform that digitizes and shares historical photographs. With the help of numerous Ugandan photographers, history enthusiasts and artists I produced eight books with the same title of the exhibition. Each book presents a collection of historical photographs and contemporary responses to it. Last year an exhibition took place in FoMu, the photo museum in Antwerp, Belgium. It presented the content of these books to the Belgian audience. The conditions of this museum cannot be reproduced in Uganda. We here present to you both two- and three dimensional documentation of that show. Photographs are always made from a particular viewpoint and the way they look depends on the technology that was available to the photographer. It is not unusual for photographs to show what someone wants someone else to see rather than to be neutral documentation. They can be used as tools of identification and to estrange people from each other. It is my hope that the photographs that were added to the permanent museum display will make you wonder, cause recognition, show beauty and give you a valuable experience, Andrea Stultiens [See]

Cultural heritage institutes often make use of tags to facilitate searching their collections. While professionals associated with these institutes are able to add high quality descriptions to objects in the collections, both their time and their areas of expertise are limited. As a result, online tagging by non-professional users is more frequently becoming deployed to increase the number of tags. When these users are asked to tag objects in the collection, they can be confronted with tags submitted by other users. These tags may be of varying quality and present in differing numbers, both of which may influence users' tagging behavior. We report on a study on the impact of presenting different types of tags on the quality and quantity of tags added by users. We conclude that there is no difference in the quality and quantity of added tags in all experimental conditions, with the exception of the condition in which incorrect tags were presented. In this condition, the quality of the tags added by users decreased. We discuss the implications of these findings on the design of tagging interfaces.

This is part 4 of the Rchon statistics course. It continues the basics of statistical testing in R. In this tutorial, we will treat the following statistical testing methods: Mann-Whitney test Kruskal-Wallis test Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Follow the instructions in Instructions Tutorial 4.pdf to start the tutorial. This course was originally created for Archon Research School of Archaeology by Philip Verhagen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) and Bjørn P. Bartholdy (University of Leiden), and consists of an instruction, a tutorial, a test and two datafiles. All content is CC BY-NC-SA: it can be freely distributed and modified under the condition of proper attribution and non-commercial use. How to cite: Verhagen, P. & B.P. Bartholdy, 2022. "Rchon statistics course, part 3". Amsterdam, ARCHON Research School of Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7458108

The book was original published in French: Putain de guerre! (2009)

Reflection on the process towards and around the publication 'Ebifananyi VII, Staying Alive - documenting the Uganda Cancer Institute' by medical historian Marissa Mika