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It is hard to select and read suitable documents due to the rapidly growing number of scholarly documents. Keyphrases can be considered as the gist of a document so that a researcher can select the documents that they want using keyphrase queries. However, there are also many scholarly documents without any keyphrases tagged by the authors or other researchers. Automatic keyphrase extraction can help researchers to quickly extract keyphrases. This paper proposed an unsupervised approach for keyphrase extraction using graph-based ranking and topic-based clustering under the assumption that we only use the within-collection resources. We use graph-based ranking to describe the relevance between two words and topic-based clustering to embed semantical information into words. In this paper, we assume that each word has its own meaning, and each meaning can be considered as a topic, though we know nothing about these meanings. We use topic-based clustering to assign the “correct meaning” to the “correct word”. In addition, by taking the relevance among phrases into consideration and only using within-collection resources, we can use the graph-based ranking in our approach. The edges in a graph that are built for phrases can describe the hidden relevance between two phrases, and the weights that are set for edges can measure the connection between two phrases. Then, after using the position feature, our approach consists of an enhanced graph-based ranking and a topic-based clustering. The experiments are run on four datasets: KDD, WWW, GSN and ACM. The results indicate that our approach has better performance than the state-of-the-art methods.

While the long history of “commerce” in Southeast Asia is well studied, less examination has been made of the histories of capitalism, particularly in terms of the encounters that took place around commodities. This article provides a translation and analysis of a description of Dobo on Aru in 1911. At the time it was a “Klondike”, on what Julia Martínez and I have termed “the pearl frontier”. The Aru islands were the site for an Australian-led pearl shell consortium that ran from the beginning of the twentieth century until the 1940s, which brought in a large number of Japanese divers and other Asian and Pacific workers. Examining relations around the pearling industry provides a number of general methodological points of entry into the ways that commodity relations created encounters with modernity.

Mapping is proposed as a method to overcome universalist and Eurocentric assumptions in music historiography and arrive at more cosmopolitan conceptions. The chapter is accompanied by two maps produced with GIS (Geographic Information System) software, showing membership (by entry date) of the International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM), the diffusion of dodecaphony (by the date of the first verified dodecaphonic composition by country) and the founding of conservatoires across the globe. The maps’ creation further involved the use of crowdsourcing. The opportunities and limitations of mapping are discussed both in relation to the concrete examples and the method in general.

In the southern area of the Ferrara District, Italy, remote sensing investigations associated with geo-archaeological drilling in underwater archaeological studies, have helped to broad our understanding of the historical evolution and cultural heritage of inland waterways. In working on prototype sites, we have taken a multidisciplinary approach of surveillance and preventive archaeology, and have collaborated with archaeologists, geologists, hydro-biologists, and engineers. In this area of research, often lakes, lagoons, and rivers are characterized by low visibility. Some Quaternary events have deeply modified Ferrara’s landscape. Analysis of preserved samples from micro-drillings, underwater direct and indirect surveys, and the cataloguing of historical artefacts, are giving to the researchers a remarkable ancient chronology line. Recent studies confirmed anthropization sequences from the 1st Century B.C. to the 6th Century A.D. Waterscape archaeology, a multidisciplinary science devoted to the study of the human use of wetlands and anthropological connection with the water environment, testifies the ways in which people, in the past, constructed and used the water environment. In this article, we describe underwater cultural heritage research using 3D side scan sonar surveys and artifacts analysis, comparing data from direct diving investigations and stratigraphic data from micro-geological drillings on sites of Lago Tramonto, Gambulaga, Portomaggiore (Ferrara).

Introduction. The article provides an overview of research regarding word building in the Mordovian languages. The purpose of the study is to highlight the history of the study of word building in the Mordovian languages, and to analyze the works of D. V. Tsygankin, who made a significant contribution to the study of Mordovian derivatology, to the formation of the principles of its teaching and analysis. Materials and Methods. The material of the research is based on word building in the Mordovian languages. The work was performed using descriptive, comparative and historical-typological methods. Results and Discussion. Word building is considered a new research area. In Russia its formation is associated with the name of M. V. Lomonosov. In the design of word building as a academic branch in the 19th century the main role belongs to representatives of four scientific schools in Russia: in Moscow, Kharkov, Kazan and Petersburg. Word building has been considered as an independent object of study only since the mid–1940s, and since the late 1960s as a separate linguistic discipline. This progress became possible primarily thanks to the works by V. V. Vinogradov. A special role in the study of derivational processes in the Mordovian languages belongs to D. V. Tsygankin. The scholar described word formation as a system, defined basic concepts, characterized the methods of word formation, identified productive models, traced changes in word-building morphonology, developed the principles of studying word formation in higher education. Conclusion. A fairly large amount of material has been accumulated on the organization of the word-building system in the Mordovian languages. The number of works in the field of word building continues to grow, but not all of its problems have been resolved. For example, there is a need to develop a new classification of word building methods based on emerging data about the language.

This paper narrates the author’s research methodologies and findings relating to her ongoing project, Articulating British Asian Art Histories. With a specific focus on four exhibitions of South Asian women artists during the 1980s and early 1990s, it provides an overview of her primary and secondary research, and presents archival material, which cumulatively gives a richer understanding of the aesthetic and political aims of exhibitors, and the contexts in which they were working. Exhibitions of exclusively women artists of South Asian heritage were rare during this period, but close visual analysis of individual exhibitions and artworks reveals an active engagement with the specificities of the female, British-Asian experience. \ud This article is accompanied by two downloadable resources: a complete copy of the Numaish exhibition catalogue (Fig. 15) and a copy of the exhibition pamphlet for Jagrati (Fig. 22).

Bu çalışma bağımsızlık öncesi ve sonrasında Gambiya’daki siyasi partilerin birleşmesini ve neredeyse rejimi deviren bir isyana kadar başkanlık ve parlamento seçimleri boyunca onların nasıl yola çıktığını açıklar. Çalışma aynı zamanda askeri darbelerin farklı çeşitlerinin sebeplerini ve Gambiya’daki durumla alakasını, sonrasında takip eden ayaklanmanın detaylı görgü tanıklığını inceler. Senegal güçlerinin istilasıyla ayaklanmayı bastırma ve teslim alınmış esas vaziyetle kanun ve nizamı yeniden kurma rolü oynandı. Bulgular ekonomik problemler, yolsuzluk ve oligarşi yönetiminin kayıtsız tavrı hükümeti devirme teşebbüsü sebeplerinin arasında gösterir. The paper explains the emergence of political parties in The Gambia before and after independence and how they fared during presidential and parliamentary elections till an insurgency nearly toppled the regime. It also examines the causes of different types of coups, and relates it to the Gambian situation, thereafter a detailed eyewitness account of the insurgency followed. The role played by invading Senegalese forces in quelling the uprising and restoring law and order received attention. The findings show that economic problems, corruption, and carefree attitude of the ruling oligarchy were among the causes of the attempted overthrow.

Taking as an example the participants from Sicily, this article examines the logistical requirements for transporting race horses via across the sea to the Olympic Games. Aspects to take into account are the provision of food and water as well as the boxes in which the animals were shipped. Examples for the transportation of large animals can be found throughout history, and modern examples show that horses meant for serious sport can cover extensive distances via sea transport if certain essential requirements are met.To reach the sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia, the horses would have been shipped via sea route to one of the harbours close by and then would have continued either up the river Alpheios or by road. All in all the distance could be covered in less than a week. With the right preparation, and sufficient time for the animals to adapt to their new surroundings, participants from Sicily would not expect any particular disadvantages connected to their means of transport.

This research was not only aimed at describing students’ speaking skill in English especially in coastal areas of Bengkulu city, Indonesia, but also investigati g the factors which influenced the skills. Mixed method (qualitative and quantitive) approach was used in this research. Meanwhile, the subjects of the research were 159 students (males and females) in total, coming from three different schools. The data were obtained through recording by using camera, handycam and also by administering a questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed by using Interactive Model namely; data reduction, data display, and drawing a conclusion. The findings showed that the students’ speaking skill in English was in moderate category in which grammar, vocabulary and fluency became main problems for them in studying English speaking skill. In addition, lack of practice and confidence were believed positively to be the trigger for those problems.