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Children acquiring a non-negative concord language like English or German have been found to consistently interpret sentences with two negative elements in a negative concord manner as conveying a single semantic negation. Corpus-based investigations for English and German show that children also produce sentences with two negative elements but only a single negation meaning. As any approach to negative concord and negative indefinites needs to account for both the typological variation and the child data, we revisit the three most current syntactic Agree-based analyses, as well as a movement-based approach and show that they either have difficulties with the child data or face challenges in the adult language variation or both. As a consequence, we develop a novel analysis of negative concord and negative indefinites which relies on purely morphological operations applying to hierarchical semantic representations within a version of the Meaning First architecture of grammar. We will argue that the typological variation between the main three different types of languages as well as the children’s non adult-like behaviour fall out from this in a straightforward fashion while the downsides of the Agree- and the movement-based accounts are avoided. European Research Council (ERC) Peer Reviewed

Abstract Recycled carbon fibres (rCF) were generally chosen for their low price and environmental features. However, performances of composites made of recycled carbon fibres are often too low to compete with lightweight alloys and glass fibre composites materials. As performances of rCF composites depend strongly on the fibres architecture, new semi-products with long and aligned recycled carbon fibres were developed by MANIFICA (Cleansky European Project). The use of long (up to 250mm) and highly aligned recycled fibres now provides rCF composites with excellent mechanical properties. The purpose of this work is to assess the performances of composites manufactured with these new rCF semi-products. Semi-products with distinct architectures developed by MANIFICA are first presented. Then mechanical performances of composite plates manufactured from the different semi-products are evaluated. Results are finally compared in order to identify the effect of the manufacturing parameters of the semi-products on the final composite properties. This crucial information will allow end-users to select the right semi-product to design recycled carbon fibre composite innovative parts.

AbstractThe demand of composites in the aviation and space industry has increased significantly in recent decades. This is due to the excellent properties of composite materials, especially their low density and design flexibility. However, the reuse and further utilization of composite structures and their materials provide new challenges for the recycling sector. In accordance with the ‘Green Deal’ of the European Commission, new pathways are required to ensure an effective and economic reuse of composite components at their end-of-life (EoL). We discuss a strategic approach for returning decommissioned parts of aviation composites back into the material cycle with a particular focus on waste reduction, as well as the decrease of the associated energy demand and emissions. Therefore, a sustainable strategy to exploit various circular possibilities was applied, consisting of the six R-strategies:reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurposeandrecycling. The Multi-Tiered System of Support is transferred to the introduced R6-strategy. The concept provides an approach to address the challenges of reintroducing EoL composites into the material chain. Based on the systematized R6-strategy it was possible to identify circular eco-subsystems for aviation composite components with minimal effort. Finally, this paper discusses a potential criterion used for assigning EoL aviation composites to the various eco-subsystems.

Abstract This essay introduces the German term “Druckerzeugnisse” to portray pamphlets as formats that are particularly useful for expressing political protest and demands due to their interwovenness into political action. By analyzing “Druckerzeugnisse” of central groups of the German New Left during the “long sixties” this essay follows two objectives. 1. It argues that “Druckerzeugnisse” allow for factoring in political contention into intellectual historical research in a manner that remains close to the intentions of activists. 2. In doing so, “Druckerzeugnisse” are useful sources for new impulses in the intellectual history of the New Left due to their capacity to determine conflicting changes in the self-perception of political subjects. Based on the selection of “Druckerzeugnisse” this essay argues that the intellectual history of the New Left is marked by deep conflicts that eventually resulted in a Post-New Left.

Abstract As a result of their combined high mechanical performances and easy processability, carbon/epoxy prepregs are widely used in the manufacture of aerostructures. The resin of these materials is in an intermediate state of polymerisation which makes these materials perishable. Drastic manufacture conditions lead continuously to the generation of expired prepregs that, today, can no more be used in the aeronautic industry nor in other industries. Although requalification procedure can be carried out, its high cost does not always justify such a procedure. This is why large quantities of expired prepregs are send to landfill. The objective of the Cleansky project MANIFICA is to set up a complete recycling chain of carbon fibre composites “from aeronautic waste to innovative composite parts”. The aim of this work is to propose a simplified requalification procedure by avoiding unnecessary tests. These studies are illustrated by property measures on compliant and expired prepregs. The main results were that in most cases, aging induces processing difficulties while mechanical performance remains unaffected. It was also shown that a simpler requalification procedure was possible and that expired prepregs can be reused without loss of performance outside the aeronautical field. Rather than considering expired material as waste, MANIFICA offers several new reuse scenarios.

The main focus of this article is to shed light on the challenges to the work-life balance (WLB) caused by school closures due to lockdowns in Bulgaria. Both paid and unpaid jobs occur intensively in the family environment due to anti-epidemic measures of physical distancing. School closures introduce a novel element of unpaid work: intensive parental participation in the educational process during distance schooling, which requires additional competencies, time and effort, as well as the need to reconcile work with these new obligations. The analysis is based on original CAWI pseudo-longitudinal surveys, conducted during the first (April-May 2020) and second lockdowns (November-December 2020) in Bulgaria, as well as data on changes in personal contacts with family and friends, help given and received, personal care given and received from SHARE Survey, Wave 8 COVID-19 Survey 1 (July-August 2020). Terminological distinction is made between online and distance learning, because the pressures on parents vary. A push-pull model is elaborated, which could influence coping patterns when children are in home schooling due to lockdowns. The main coping pattern observed is that families were better prepared for the second lockdown, because by this time they had grandparents living in the same household.

Glacial legacies preserved in permafrost such as buried glacial ice of the last ice age are of increasing concern in the Western Canadian Arctic. Permafrost collapse due to melting ground ice largely follows the margins of the maximum Laurentide Ice Sheet extent and therefore predetermines the postglacial landscape evolution in this region. Another type of ground ice, (i.e., wedge ice) of late Pleistocene and Holocene age associated with permafrost aggradation, is also widespread here. Our study on Herschel Island (Qikiqtaruk, Beaufort Sea) re-examines previous data and applies stable-isotope and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) analyses as well as radiocarbon dating on DOC and particulate plant macrofossil remains preserved in massive ground ice, wedge ice and host deposits. Newly obtained DOC ages of the massive ice span from 32 220 to 25 830 cal BP and extend the only previously available direct age determination (CO2-derived radiocarbon age of 21 290 cal BP) properly into the Last Glacial Maximum as the formation time of the massive ice. Its newly obtained isotopic composition exhibits mean values of −33.1 ± 0.6‰ in δ18O, of −257 ± 4‰ in δD and 7.6 ± 0.9‰ in deuterium excess (d) fitting into previously reported respective data ranges. The very low (negative) stable isotope composition of the massive ice, the numerous enclosed spherical air bubbles as well as the very low mean DOC content of 0.7 ± 0.1 mg L−1 provide strong evidence for an origin as glacier ice that was buried and has survived since deglaciation. The newly studied wedge ice on Herschel Island formed during the Holocene between 9220 and 3470 cal BP, and shows a distinct isotopic composition with mean values of −18.4 ± 1.1‰ in δ18O, −138 ± 9‰ in δD and a mean deuterium excess (d) of 8.8 ± 1.4‰. Such isotopic wedge-ice record as well as its mean DOC concentration of 4.3 ± 2.1 mg L−1 fall within the range of previously studied Holocene ice wedges in the region. The directly-dated stable isotope record of ice-wedge growth on Herschel Island indicates a winter cooling trend towards the mid-Holocene, even though most available records attribute this cooling rather to the warm season while the winter temperatures over this period are not constrained yet. The extraordinarily rich ground-ice inventory of Herschel Island offers insights into the glacial and postglacial landscape evolution of the Western Canadian Arctic. Here, paleoenvironmental research highlights ice sheet-permafrost interactions over glacial, deglacial and postglacial timescales.

The horse is central to many Indigenous cultures across the American Southwest and the Great Plains. However, when and how horses were first integrated into Indigenous lifeways remain contentious, with extant models derived largely from colonial records. We conducted an interdisciplinary study of an assemblage of historic archaeological horse remains, integrating genomic, isotopic, radiocarbon, and paleopathological evidence. Archaeological and modern North American horses show strong Iberian genetic affinities, with later influx from British sources, but no Viking proximity. Horses rapidly spread from the south into the northern Rockies and central plains by the first half of the 17th century CE, likely through Indigenous exchange networks. They were deeply integrated into Indigenous societies before the arrival of 18th-century European observers, as reflected in herd management, ceremonial practices, and culture. Horses evolved in North America and dispersed to Eurasia across the Bering Land Bridge. They continued to evolve and were domesticated in Eurasia, but, as far as we know, they became extinct in North America by the late Pleistocene and were then reintroduced by European colonizers. Taylor et al. looked at the genetics of horses across the Old and New Worlds and studied archaeological samples. They found no evidence for direct Pleistocene ancestry of North American horses, but they did find that horses of European descent had been integrated into indigenous cultures across western North America long before the arrival of Europeans in that region. ?SNV Indigenous societies adopted horses of primarily Spanish origin before Europeans arrived in the Great Plains and the American West. Results - Indigenous societies incorporated horses before the Pueblo Revolt - Historic North American horses descend primarily from Spanish genetic sources - Pre–Pueblo Revolt contribution of horses to Indigenous beliefs, trade, and transport networks Discussion