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At the turn of a quarter of a century since nascency, the thematic issue of our review is dedicated to a central problem of the historian’s work, that is the issue of primary sources, from the perspective of new methods of research and their interpretation. By this initiative, we wanted to extend an invitation to a reflection on the current relevance of history and its opening towards the application of some new methods of investigation suggested by the general evolution of knowledge. Of course, the sources of history essentially are still texts, artefacts and facts, and their older differentiation in traditions and vestiges is still timely, implying interesting theoretical debates, but the manner in which the researchers relate to these is permanently changing. Our review, after surpassing the search from the incipient period and, in an emphasised manner, after moving on to the exclusive publishing of thematic volumes, distinguished itself through the proposal of such new perspectives of investigating the past, which imply resorting to new sources or re-evaluating the interpretations bestowed on the traditional sources. This was the reason for organising a methodological workshop dedicated to new themes, sources and methods in historical research, which took place in Alba Iulia, on June 4 of the current year, which also proposed a suitable reflection on the tendencies of the Romanian historiography of the last three decades and its perspectives. The present volume contains part of the communications presented on that occasion, although others are relevant as well, but which could not be included in the volume. Conducted in two major sections – archaeology and cultural heritage and history – the workshop mentioned created the occasion for debates on some diverse methods of research applied to the sources.

projektem OP VK PVBV – Popularizace vědy a badatelsky orientované výuky, reg. č. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/45.000

Review

This contribution is devoted to the Vrtba castle in the Plzeň-north district. The absence of masonry structures makes it impossible to study the castle core. However, the preserved land relics reflect the basic layout of the castle complex and enable to locate some economic facilities in its close proximity. Furthermore, the reconstruction of the castle and the whole estate is facilitated by written sources conveying the changes in these structures in the north of the Plzeň region. The article also contains the assessment of archaeological sources acquired in the course of surface collections, the most important among which is a series of chamber tiles with relief motifs. Příspěvek se zabývá hradem Vrtba, který se nachází v okrese Plzeň-sever. Absence zděných konstrukcí znemožňuje poznání zástavby hradního jádra. Nicméně dochované terénní relikty odrážejí základní rozvržení hradního areálu a umožňují i některé hospodářské provozy v bezprostředním okolí lokality. Podobu panství hradu umožňují písemné prameny, které odrážejí změny těchto struktur na severním Plzeňsku. Součástí článku je i vyhodnocení archeologických pramenů získaných při povrchových sběrech, z nichž nejvýznamnější je soubor komorových kachlů, respektive reliéfních motivů na nich.

Roman historians developed a tradition of placing ethno graphic information into their works. The “Other” was an everyday reality of the Roman state. With its expansion more nations came into its orbit and thus to the attention of its writers. Arabs were among many others whom the Romans confronted. The position of the Arabs changed rapidly since the emergence of Islam in the 7th century. From a peripheral nation they became the major superpower in the East. The Roman/Byzantine perception did change due to various factors, such as the emergence of new religion as well as military expansion of the newly founded Arab state. It was in this period when ethnographic tradition under went a major transformation. Ethnography was in decline with snippets of information throughout literary works instead of vast descriptions of the “Other” as known in antiquity. Merging the snippets, however, a more coher ent image may occur. The aim of this paper is to look on the ethnographic information about Arabs in three literary works of the 10th century Byzantium – the Taktika, De administran do imperio and History of Leo the Deacon. Arabs will be analysed under the scope of elements that affected Byzantine perception on them – religion, military, and ethnic stereotypes. With the analysis I intend not only to gain a more coherent picture about the ethnographic perception of the Arabs in Byzantium, but also the differ ence of the perception among its various social classes.

Obituary

In my work I present possibilities of oral history usage in history lessons in the Czech Republic. I focus on primary schools and present tasks and realization of concrete projects. Main task is communication among the children and narrators, and cooperation among the families and the school. In my paper is introduced Czech elementary education, connection of oral history and history lessons, thematic areas and proposals of three concrete projects. First project is about daily life in normalization. The second one named “Become an explorer” describes record of historical changes through the street name changes. The third one deals November’s events in the 1989 and its output is “living museum”. Students present here their knowledge and skills, which they gained at the school. With their creations they decorated walls of the classes and corridors of school. Ve svém příspěvku popisuji využití orální historie v hodinách dějepisu v České republice. Zaměřuji se v něm na základní školství a konkrétní realizaci projektů. Hlavním přispěním orální historie do školství je možnost propojení rodiny a školy. V článku je představeno české základní školství, propojení orální historie s dějepisem, tématické oblasti a návrhy tří konkrétních projektů. První se zabývá každodenností a tedy životem v době tzv. normalizace. Druhý s názvem Staň se průzkumníkem popisuje zaznamenání historických změn prostřednictvím proměny názvů ulic. Třetí se zabývá listopadovými událostmi roku 1989 a jeho výstupem je tzv. živé muzeum. Žáci zde prezentují své znalosti a dovednosti, které získali prostřednictvím výuky. Svými výtvory pak zdobí stěny ve třídě i chodbu školy.

MS revealed the presence of triacylglycerols in both vessels. This analytical technique was used for the analysis of the soil content from archaeological ceramic vessels for the first time. Targeted ELISA experiments consequently proved the presence of milk proteins in both ceramic vessels. These results represent the first direct evidence of the use of milk or dairy products in the Eneolithic period in Moravian Corded Ware Culture and help to better understand the diet habits and living conditions of Eneolithic populations in Central Europe. MS) combined with advanced statistical treatment (principal component analysis, PCA, and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MALDI&ndash 2571 B.C., found in a cremation grave discovered in Central Moravia, Czech Republic, was analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization&ndash In this study, a soil from two ceramic vessels belonging to Corded Ware culture, 2707&ndash mass spectrometry (MALDI&ndash