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Mary Douglas (1921–2007) war eine der bekanntesten britischen Ethnologinnen der Nachkriegsgeneration, die sich besonders durch ihre Anwendung ethnologischer Konzepte auf westliche Gesellschaften auszeichnete. Als Tochter eines Beamten im britischen Kolonialburo in Burma, wurde Douglas von ihrer Grosmutter in England aufgezogen, wo sie den Sacred Heart Convent in London besuchte. Diese strukturierte katholische Erziehung spielte eine pragende Rolle fur ihre Theorien, die sie wahrend ihrer Karriere entwickelte.

The present study aims to explore gay Israeli fathers’ responses and resistance to societal criticism on their decision to become parents through transnational surrogacy. The authors interviewed 39 Israeli gay men who became parents via transnational gestational surrogacy using in-depth, semistructured interviews. Analysis of the interviews suggest that the gay fathers responded to societal perceptions on their choice of surrogacy, which they interpreted as heterosexist and hostile, by relating them to Israeli dominant ideologies and constructing a counter discourse that frames surrogacy as an intimate process fostering gender and parental change. Yet, while the participants portray surrogacy as a catalyst for social change, their accounts are embedded within an Israeli context defined by pronatalist and neoliberal ideologies, showing how accounts of change are intertwined within hegemonic ideologies.

This article focuses on how artistic works such as plays and literature in 16th and 17th-century England dealt with the fictional presence of Sir Thomas More. Among Tudor statesmen, Thomas More had a special appeal as a topic of thought during the Elizabethan–Jacobean period, quite apart from his opposition to the marriage which led to the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The range of works considered covers the Marian, Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. These works compose a heterogeneous and intriguing group in which every piece has its own particular way of remembering Thomas More. Six works are presented here: the dialogue Il Moro (1556) by Ellis Heywood; a late morality play, The Longer Thou Livest the More Fool Thou Art (1569), by William Wager; a novel, The Unfortunate Traveller (1594), by Thomas Nashe; and three plays, Cromwell (1602), by an unknown dramatist, Sir Thomas More (1600–1603/4), by five different dramatists, and Henry VIII (1613), by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher. Due to the scope of this research, the article is written in two parts. This part explores the last three seventeenth-century fictional works by John Fletcher and Shakespeare, an anonymous play and the collaborative play by Anthony Munday, Henry Chettle, with additions by Thomas Heywood, Thomas Dekker and William Shakespeare.

Purpose The extensive use of chemical pesticides on farmlands during the last several decades in China has led to a rapid deterioration of environmental water quality in recent years. The aims of this study were to: reconstruct the history of pesticide residues, determine the input load and residual load of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) pesticides, and assess the risk of pesticide residues to aquatic ecosystem and human health.

Professor and President Shenggang Liu came into the world as the last of 11 children on December 26th, 1933 in Feidong, a part of Hefei city, approximately 100 km west of Nanjing. Since December 26th was already an auspicious birth-date claimed by the late Mao Zedong, an alternate birthday was considered to be politically more acceptable. December 25th was also taken by a well known historical figure—and who wants to celebrate a birthday on Christmas anyway—so December 21st became Shenggang Liu’s birthdate of record.

In his Geschichte der Sklaverei in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (1860), Friedrich Kapp drew on a German concept of a clash between Germanic and Romanic civilisations to explain the American conflict between North and South. Kapp responded to an analogous ideology propagated by Southerners that divided the US into an Anglo-Saxon North and Norman South. In doing so, Kapp demonstrated a unique synthesis of German and American thought that set his response to the South apart from that of Anglo-American anti-slavery thinkers. More importantly, by applying the clash of civilisations in a transatlantic way, Kapp universalised and strengthened the concept for its eventual later application again in Germany. In seinem Werk Geschichte der Sklaverei in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (1860) griff Friedrich Kapp auf ein deutsches Konzept von einem Kampf des germanischen und romanischen Geistes zuruck, um den amerikanischen Sklavenkonflikt zwischen Nord und Sud zu erleuchten. Dies war seine Antwort auf eine vergleichbare, im amerikanischen Suden verbreitete Ideologie, die die USA in einen angelsachsischen Norden und einen normannischen Suden teilte. Kapps Antwort auf die sudlandischen Rebellen stellt eine Synthese der deutschen und der amerikanischen Denkweisen dar, die zugleich einen Gegensatz zur Reaktion der anglo-amerikanischen Figuren der Antisklavereibewegung bildete. Noch wichtiger ist, dass Kapps transatlantische Anwendung des Konzepts eines Zivilisationsstreites in der Folge universalisiert und verstarkt wurde: die Idee trat schlieslich auch im deutschen Kontext wieder auf.