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  • Authors: Hastiana, Y. (Yetty); Sjarkowi, F. (Fachrurrozie); Anugrah, D. (Dwi); Ridho, R. (Rasjid);

    Due to the importance of mangrove ecosystem role to coastal area stability, study and research on mangrove ecosystem is interesting. Several study forms can be performed including by sightseeing and predicting degradation and change of mangrove conservation area during certain time. Result of prediction and analysis can be used by decision maker to state the priority of area protection. As intial step in management analysis for mangrove area ecosystem in Pasut area , TN. Sembilang Pantai Timur Sumatera, Banyuasin, SumSel,interpretation and identification can be performed during six years since it was stated as National park in 2003. Several techniques can be used for analyzing the ecosystem changes, one of these is by using remote sensing. In this research, remote sensing approach by landsat profile data from 2003 and 2009. The use of landsat data sequentially was aimed to interpret and identify changes in mangrove area during the time. Result of research showed that during six years there was changes and degradation mangrove ecosystem to be non mangrove of 14,57 %. This analysis hopely can be used as reference to apply wisdom and strategy of coastal area management . Analysis and strategic approach is become part of area optimation to reduce environmental pressures including biodiversity protection, coastal area protection also small islands from global climate change effect.

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  • Authors: Kusumasari, B. (Bevaola);

    This research strives to provide answers regarding adaptation patterns of farmers in confronting climate change in Indonesia. The method utilized for this research is a mixed method. Qualitative data was acquired through a series of focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with farmers and agricultural stakeholders in Gunung Kidul and Sleman, Indonesia. Additionally, the survey was carried out to 220 farmers in both research locations. The two research locations were chosen based on the difference in agricultural land. The findings of this research show that farmers understand climate change is occurring in their region and it influences their cultivation method. Farmers utilize their personal experiences as well as local practices in adapting to climate change. The impact most felt by farmers is crop failure and a decrease in quality and quantity of agricultural crops. The ensuing implication is that farmer's income declines more and more. This research found that agricultural product cost increased by almost as much as 50%, whilst farmer's income merely increased half of that, which is 25% since climate change has affected their farming. Responding to the matter, the strategy farmers employ is by changing the planting pattern, using soil cultivation technique, plant pest management technique, and watering/irrigation technique.

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  • Authors: DOYDEE, P. (PUVADOL); SlREGAR, V. (VlNCENTIUS);

    Many types of the coastal land use in Banten Bay have been assessed in order to know the change as evidently detected by Landsat imagery in 1994 and 2001. Image processing such as, supervised classification and various change detection techniques are performed to the satellite images. Red Green method showed the best result for detecting the coastal land use change. This method is suitable for detecting the increasing areas of the paddy fields and settlement. Image Differencing method is capable to detect the increasing areas in agriculture, decreasing in fishponds and natural areas. Image Ratioing method can be considered suitable for detecting the increasing area of fishponds, decreasing of paddy fields and agriculture areas. Each coastal land use type has increased, except for the natural area/brushwood. Most of agriculture and paddy fields areas have been converted to fish ponds.

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  • Authors: Rasidi Rasidi; Dedi Jusadi; Mia Setiawati; Munti Yuhana; +2 Authors

    High in nutrients, green mussel Perna viridis can be used for fish meal replacement in fish diet, yet they contain heavy metals. The addition of Humic Acid (HA) in animals feed brings many advantages, one of which it can chelate heavy metals. HA addition in feed formulation is needed to prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in fish body. An experiment was designed to evaluate the response of HA addition in the diets made of green mussels which contains heavy metals on the growth performance and feed efficiency of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer juveniles. The experiment was designed by Completely Random Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. A total of five experimental diets were formulated with difference dosage of HA addition (0, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600) mg Kg-1 of feed in the experimental diets (A, B, C, D and E), respectively. The experimental diets were fed to triplicate group of 15 Asian seabass juveniles with initial body weight of 4.30 ± 0.60 g in a 70 days cultivation by feeding at satiation. The result shows feed comsumption, feed digestibility, protein retention, growth performance and feed eficiency were significantly affected by the HA addition in the fish diet (P< 0.05). Treatment E with HA addition 1600 mg Kg-1 diet proved to give best biological response among all treatments. This indicates that the humic acid addition in the diet formulation can improve the utilization of feed for fish growth. The heavy metal Cd in flesh of Asian seabass is still under the limit set in the food safety standard, so the fish in this experiment are still considered safe for human consumption. The present study concluded that green mussel meal as alternative source protein with HA addition can be considered as potential feed additive for the diets of Asian seabass juveniles.

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  • Authors: Desiana, N. (Nia); Aprianingsih, A. (Atik);

    During recent years the concept of farmer empowerment has been put on the agenda and now is a part of Indonesian's government program. Empowerment of farmers' group considered necessary because, in agricultural development, farmers' group are the key development resource and subject in developing their agricultural efforts. This paper aims to explore the farmer's group empowerment strategies to improve their income. The paper is based solely on the reviews of literature on the topic of farmer's group and empowerment to explore the phenomena in the agricultural sector. Based on the findings, the paper proposes the farmers' group empowerment strategies such as farmer's group learning and innovation and information and communication technology (ICT) have a positive influence on improving their income.

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  • Authors: Niu, Eryanti; Saediman, Haji; Surni, Surni;

    This research aimed to analyze break-even point and margin of safety of poultry egg production in the rural area in Southeast Sulawesi. The research used a case study approach by using questionnaire1, in-depth interviews, and observation to collect data and information from a small-scale poultry egg producing enterprise which was selected purposively with the consideration that the farm is located in rural area and had less than 1.000 laying hens. Data were analyzed using costs and returns, break-even point, and margin of safety ratio. Research results show that the enterprise record net income of Rp9.232.165,00. R/C ratio of 1,32 means that the enterprise would earn a revenue of Rp1,32 for every one rupiah it invested. Break even sales are Rp3.374.474,00 and break even volume was 140,60 kg. The egg production is far above both the break-even sales and units, meaning that the enterprise earns a profit from egg production. The margin of safety is Rp34.750.526,00 or 91,15%, indicating a high level of safety in the enterprise. In view of its profitability and the importance of poultry egg production in the generation of employment and fulfillment of protein needs of the population, local government and other stakeholders are suggested to take measures to promote poultry egg production in rural areas by providing technical assistance program for small-scale poultry farmers at the community level and improving managerial skills in the poultryegg production.

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  • Authors: Tjondronegoro, S. M. (Sediono);

    The founding fathers of the Indonesian Republic, Soekarno and Moh. Hatta, whobecame first President and Vice President respectively, designated the agriculturalsector as the major factor contributing to Indonesia's economic growth. Prof AnneBooth's research findings during the Green Revolution in the mid-1970s also indicatethe importance of the agricultural sector. Food self-sufficiency in the country wasachieved in 1985, when Indonesia was close to its “take-off” stage.However, subsequent developments after the New Order period indicated a gradual shiftof policy guide lines from People's Welfare to Export-driven Growth and IncreasingForeign investment. Five Presidents since Sukarno have neglected the urgency ofagrarian reform in Indonesia.

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  • Authors: Yusuf, D. (Daud); Indrawan, I. (Indrawan);

    This study was encouraged by the importance of understanding the conditions of seagrass which becomes the source of food for many species of marine fish. Seagrass condition will indirectly affect the quantity and quality of fish obtained by fishermen who live in coastal areas. High-resolution imagery can simplify and accelerate data collection process of conditions of seagrass on the outer islands of Gorontalo Province. This study used digital remote sensing method using unsupervised classification and also assisted by the measurements of the transcule based on the pixel size that aims to detect and to match the information obtained from QuickBird imagery, to ultimately obtain information about seagrass condition. Seagrass with abundant/good condition can be found at station 1,3,4,5, and 6 with an average cover up to 67,70%, 63,54%, 68,75%, 62,5%, and 65,62% respectively. Meanwhile, seagrass with the less abundant/poor condition can be found at station 2 with an average cover up to 50% and at station 7 with an average cover up to 52,08%. Distribution of seagrass on Saronde Island covers up to 6. 9654 Ha. Seagrass with abundant/good condition covers 4,2025 Ha, and lowly abundant/poor seagrass covers 2,7629 Ha. Seagrass on Saronde Island is still in abundant/good condition with an average cover up to 61,45 % and form mixed vegetation.

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  • Authors: Arhami,; Hasnan, Khalid; Wahab, Abas Ab;

    This paper investigates the first design and testing for an unmanned three-mode vehicle. The vehicle feature's built in four main components, whereby a coaxial rotor set, propeller, wheels, and pontoon mechanism allow work independently of one another when fly on the air, move on the land and capable of traversing across the water surface. Moreover, that the vehicle performed vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) on the ground and from the surface of water. The design procedure includes vehicle structural design by three-dimensional solid modelling using SolidWorks TM and CosmosWorks TM, proposed design considerations and performance calculation. In testing, vehicle had considered by demonstration on the air, land and water. The variety of mechanism's transformation set to support manoeuvre on three-mode operation has been constructed to verify the feasibility and reliability of this vehicle. The gross weight of the vehicle is 557 grams and the (desired) endurance is about 10 minutes. A control algorithm has also been proposed to allow the unmanned vehicle to travel from its current location to another location specified with changeable channel on Tx Modulator. Flight and surface tests were performed following fabrication. The study shows that the design can be followed and used for build an unmanned three-mode vehicle for research and development purposes.

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  • Authors: Harianti, M. (Mimien); Sutandi, A. (Atang); Saraswati, R. (Rasti); Maswar, M. (Maswar); +1 Authors

    Enzyme activity could be used as a peat decomposition indicator in oil palm rhizosphere of peatland. Oil palm plantation management requires fertilization in the rhizosphere as nutrient for oil palm growth. The state of total nutrient in rhizosphere can influence enzyme activities. This research was aimed to study the enzyme activities in relationship to nutrient of oil palm rhizospheres in peat. Using the explorative method in tropical peatland of Riau, the research sites chosen were in oil palm plantation as the main site, and a degraded forest and a shrub land, for comparison. In the oil palm plantation, peat samples were taken from the adhered peats on oil palm roots at the peat depths of 0‒25 and 25‒50 cm and at distances of 0‒1, 1‒2, 2‒3, and 3‒4 m from the tree. In the degraded forest and shrub, t samples were taken from selected plant roots at the depth of 0-25 and 25-50 cm. The triplicate peat samples were composited for analysis of enzyme activities and the content of total nutrients. The results showed that enzyme (urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and laccase) activities in oil palm rhizosphere decreased with increasing distance from the tree and the depth of rhizosphere. The decrease of enzyme activities were caused by the low peat pH and the increase of water content and organic carbon content. Enzyme activities increased with increasing oil palm age and ash content. The total K and Zn contents showed no correlation with enzyme activities. However, the total Ca and Mg contents showed positive correlation only with β-glucosidase activity. The total Fe and Cu contents showed significantly negative correlation with enzyme activities (urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and laccase). Enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of degraded forest and shrubs were mostly lower than in oil palm rhizosphere.

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  • Authors: Hastiana, Y. (Yetty); Sjarkowi, F. (Fachrurrozie); Anugrah, D. (Dwi); Ridho, R. (Rasjid);

    Due to the importance of mangrove ecosystem role to coastal area stability, study and research on mangrove ecosystem is interesting. Several study forms can be performed including by sightseeing and predicting degradation and change of mangrove conservation area during certain time. Result of prediction and analysis can be used by decision maker to state the priority of area protection. As intial step in management analysis for mangrove area ecosystem in Pasut area , TN. Sembilang Pantai Timur Sumatera, Banyuasin, SumSel,interpretation and identification can be performed during six years since it was stated as National park in 2003. Several techniques can be used for analyzing the ecosystem changes, one of these is by using remote sensing. In this research, remote sensing approach by landsat profile data from 2003 and 2009. The use of landsat data sequentially was aimed to interpret and identify changes in mangrove area during the time. Result of research showed that during six years there was changes and degradation mangrove ecosystem to be non mangrove of 14,57 %. This analysis hopely can be used as reference to apply wisdom and strategy of coastal area management . Analysis and strategic approach is become part of area optimation to reduce environmental pressures including biodiversity protection, coastal area protection also small islands from global climate change effect.

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  • Authors: Kusumasari, B. (Bevaola);

    This research strives to provide answers regarding adaptation patterns of farmers in confronting climate change in Indonesia. The method utilized for this research is a mixed method. Qualitative data was acquired through a series of focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with farmers and agricultural stakeholders in Gunung Kidul and Sleman, Indonesia. Additionally, the survey was carried out to 220 farmers in both research locations. The two research locations were chosen based on the difference in agricultural land. The findings of this research show that farmers understand climate change is occurring in their region and it influences their cultivation method. Farmers utilize their personal experiences as well as local practices in adapting to climate change. The impact most felt by farmers is crop failure and a decrease in quality and quantity of agricultural crops. The ensuing implication is that farmer's income declines more and more. This research found that agricultural product cost increased by almost as much as 50%, whilst farmer's income merely increased half of that, which is 25% since climate change has affected their farming. Responding to the matter, the strategy farmers employ is by changing the planting pattern, using soil cultivation technique, plant pest management technique, and watering/irrigation technique.

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  • Authors: DOYDEE, P. (PUVADOL); SlREGAR, V. (VlNCENTIUS);

    Many types of the coastal land use in Banten Bay have been assessed in order to know the change as evidently detected by Landsat imagery in 1994 and 2001. Image processing such as, supervised classification and various change detection techniques are performed to the satellite images. Red Green method showed the best result for detecting the coastal land use change. This method is suitable for detecting the increasing areas of the paddy fields and settlement. Image Differencing method is capable to detect the increasing areas in agriculture, decreasing in fishponds and natural areas. Image Ratioing method can be considered suitable for detecting the increasing area of fishponds, decreasing of paddy fields and agriculture areas. Each coastal land use type has increased, except for the natural area/brushwood. Most of agriculture and paddy fields areas have been converted to fish ponds.

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  • Authors: Rasidi Rasidi; Dedi Jusadi; Mia Setiawati; Munti Yuhana; +2 Authors

    High in nutrients, green mussel Perna viridis can be used for fish meal replacement in fish diet, yet they contain heavy metals. The addition of Humic Acid (HA) in animals feed brings many advantages, one of which it can chelate heavy metals. HA addition in feed formulation is needed to prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in fish body. An experiment was designed to evaluate the response of HA addition in the diets made of green mussels which contains heavy metals on the growth performance and feed efficiency of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer juveniles. The experiment was designed by Completely Random Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. A total of five experimental diets were formulated with difference dosage of HA addition (0, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600) mg Kg-1 of feed in the experimental diets (A, B, C, D and E), respectively. The experimental diets were fed to triplicate group of 15 Asian seabass juveniles with initial body weight of 4.30 ± 0.60 g in a 70 days cultivation by feeding at satiation. The result shows feed comsumption, feed digestibility, protein retention, growth performance and feed eficiency were significantly affected by the HA addition in the fish diet (P< 0.05). Treatment E with HA addition 1600 mg Kg-1 diet proved to give best biological response among all treatments. This indicates that the humic acid addition in the diet formulation can improve the utilization of feed for fish growth. The heavy metal Cd in flesh of Asian seabass is still under the limit set in the food safety standard, so the fish in this experiment are still considered safe for human consumption. The present study concluded that green mussel meal as alternative source protein with HA addition can be considered as potential feed additive for the diets of Asian seabass juveniles.

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  • Authors: Desiana, N. (Nia); Aprianingsih, A. (Atik);

    During recent years the concept of farmer empowerment has been put on the agenda and now is a part of Indonesian's government program. Empowerment of farmers' group considered necessary because, in agricultural development, farmers' group are the key development resource and subject in developing their agricultural efforts. This paper aims to explore the farmer's group empowerment strategies to improve their income. The paper is based solely on the reviews of literature on the topic of farmer's group and empowerment to explore the phenomena in the agricultural sector. Based on the findings, the paper proposes the farmers' group empowerment strategies such as farmer's group learning and innovation and information and communication technology (ICT) have a positive influence on improving their income.

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  • Authors: Niu, Eryanti; Saediman, Haji; Surni, Surni;

    This research aimed to analyze break-even point and margin of safety of poultry egg production in the rural area in Southeast Sulawesi. The research used a case study approach by using questionnaire1, in-depth interviews, and observation to collect data and information from a small-scale poultry egg producing enterprise which was selected purposively with the consideration that the farm is located in rural area and had less than 1.000 laying hens. Data were analyzed using costs and returns, break-even point, and margin of safety ratio. Research results show that the enterprise record net income of Rp9.232.165,00. R/C ratio of 1,32 means that the enterprise would earn a revenue of Rp1,32 for every one rupiah it invested. Break even sales are Rp3.374.474,00 and break even volume was 140,60 kg. The egg production is far above both the break-even sales and units, meaning that the enterprise earns a profit from egg production. The margin of safety is Rp34.750.526,00 or 91,15%, indicating a high level of safety in the enterprise. In view of its profitability and the importance of poultry egg production in the generation of employment and fulfillment of protein needs of the population, local government and other stakeholders are suggested to take measures to promote poultry egg production in rural areas by providing technical assistance program for small-scale poultry farmers at the community level and improving managerial skills in the poultryegg production.

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  • Authors: Tjondronegoro, S. M. (Sediono);

    The founding fathers of the Indonesian Republic, Soekarno and Moh. Hatta, whobecame first President and Vice President respectively, designated the agriculturalsector as the major factor contributing to Indonesia's economic growth. Prof AnneBooth's research findings during the Green Revolution in the mid-1970s also indicatethe importance of the agricultural sector. Food self-sufficiency in the country wasachieved in 1985, when Indonesia was close to its “take-off” stage.However, subsequent developments after the New Order period indicated a gradual shiftof policy guide lines from People's Welfare to Export-driven Growth and IncreasingForeign investment. Five Presidents since Sukarno have neglected the urgency ofagrarian reform in Indonesia.

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  • Authors: Yusuf, D. (Daud); Indrawan, I. (Indrawan);

    This study was encouraged by the importance of understanding the conditions of seagrass which becomes the source of food for many species of marine fish. Seagrass condition will indirectly affect the quantity and quality of fish obtained by fishermen who live in coastal areas. High-resolution imagery can simplify and accelerate data collection process of conditions of seagrass on the outer islands of Gorontalo Province. This study used digital remote sensing method using unsupervised classification and also assisted by the measurements of the transcule based on the pixel size that aims to detect and to match the information obtained from QuickBird imagery, to ultimately obtain information about seagrass condition. Seagrass with abundant/good condition can be found at station 1,3,4,5, and 6 with an average cover up to 67,70%, 63,54%, 68,75%, 62,5%, and 65,62% respectively. Meanwhile, seagrass with the less abundant/poor condition can be found at station 2 with an average cover up to 50% and at station 7 with an average cover up to 52,08%. Distribution of seagrass on Saronde Island covers up to 6. 9654 Ha. Seagrass with abundant/good condition covers 4,2025 Ha, and lowly abundant/poor seagrass covers 2,7629 Ha. Seagrass on Saronde Island is still in abundant/good condition with an average cover up to 61,45 % and form mixed vegetation.

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  • Authors: Arhami,; Hasnan, Khalid; Wahab, Abas Ab;

    This paper investigates the first design and testing for an unmanned three-mode vehicle. The vehicle feature's built in four main components, whereby a coaxial rotor set, propeller, wheels, and pontoon mechanism allow work independently of one another when fly on the air, move on the land and capable of traversing across the water surface. Moreover, that the vehicle performed vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) on the ground and from the surface of water. The design procedure includes vehicle structural design by three-dimensional solid modelling using SolidWorks TM and CosmosWorks TM, proposed design considerations and performance calculation. In testing, vehicle had considered by demonstration on the air, land and water. The variety of mechanism's transformation set to support manoeuvre on three-mode operation has been constructed to verify the feasibility and reliability of this vehicle. The gross weight of the vehicle is 557 grams and the (desired) endurance is about 10 minutes. A control algorithm has also been proposed to allow the unmanned vehicle to travel from its current location to another location specified with changeable channel on Tx Modulator. Flight and surface tests were performed following fabrication. The study shows that the design can be followed and used for build an unmanned three-mode vehicle for research and development purposes.

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  • Authors: Harianti, M. (Mimien); Sutandi, A. (Atang); Saraswati, R. (Rasti); Maswar, M. (Maswar); +1 Authors

    Enzyme activity could be used as a peat decomposition indicator in oil palm rhizosphere of peatland. Oil palm plantation management requires fertilization in the rhizosphere as nutrient for oil palm growth. The state of total nutrient in rhizosphere can influence enzyme activities. This research was aimed to study the enzyme activities in relationship to nutrient of oil palm rhizospheres in peat. Using the explorative method in tropical peatland of Riau, the research sites chosen were in oil palm plantation as the main site, and a degraded forest and a shrub land, for comparison. In the oil palm plantation, peat samples were taken from the adhered peats on oil palm roots at the peat depths of 0‒25 and 25‒50 cm and at distances of 0‒1, 1‒2, 2‒3, and 3‒4 m from the tree. In the degraded forest and shrub, t samples were taken from selected plant roots at the depth of 0-25 and 25-50 cm. The triplicate peat samples were composited for analysis of enzyme activities and the content of total nutrients. The results showed that enzyme (urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and laccase) activities in oil palm rhizosphere decreased with increasing distance from the tree and the depth of rhizosphere. The decrease of enzyme activities were caused by the low peat pH and the increase of water content and organic carbon content. Enzyme activities increased with increasing oil palm age and ash content. The total K and Zn contents showed no correlation with enzyme activities. However, the total Ca and Mg contents showed positive correlation only with β-glucosidase activity. The total Fe and Cu contents showed significantly negative correlation with enzyme activities (urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and laccase). Enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of degraded forest and shrubs were mostly lower than in oil palm rhizosphere.

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