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This dataset contains the results of the characterisation of the prokaryotic community by flow cytometry and tritiated leucine incorporation from the MAFIA cruise (Migrants and Active Flux In the Atlantic ocean). Samples were collected in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic during the MAFIA cruise (April 2015) on board the BIO Hespérides. Seawater samples were collected at 13 stations (from the Brazilian coast to the Canary Islands), from the surface down to 3500 m, using a General Oceanics oceanographic rosette equipped with 24 l PVC Niskin bottles. Abundance and cell characteristics (high nucleic acid content fraction, cell volume, viability) were based on measurements performed with a FACSCalibur (Becton-Dickinson) flow cytometer. Leucine incorporation rates were estimated with tritiated leucine (Kirchman et al. 1985) using centrifugation and filtration methods (Smith and Azam 1992). Integrated or average values of variables were estimated for the epipelagic (0-200 m), mesopelagic (200-1000 m) and bathypelagic (1000-3000 m) layers, based on an interpolated grid estimated with DIVA. The aim of this dataset was to estimate the influence of surface productivity on the standing stock, characteristics and activity (as leucine incorporation) of prokaryotes across the water column.

The IBM 3D models and derivative products were generated via a typical Image-based modeling pipeline. The aerial photos were collected by the UC Merced team using a DJI Phantom 3 Pro multi-rotor drone. The geospatial control data was collected by California State Parks licensed surveyor David Gutierrez using a Trimble differential GPS and Trimble robotic total station. The TLS LiDAR data were collected by the UC Merced team using a FARO Focus 3D S120 range finder and processed in FARO Scene and CloudCompare. The CAD drawings were created by Arianna Campiani using orthographic views of the buildings' terrestrial laser scanning point clouds produced by Scott McAvoy in the Potree Viewer. Dataset includes all the natively digital geospatial and 3D data collected in our topographic and 3D survey of the iconic Dechambeau Hotel & IOOF Hall buildings located at the entrance of town on Main St.

The geologic time scale for the Cenozoic Era has been notably improved over the last decades by virtue of integrated stratigraphy, combining high-resolution astrochronologies, biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy with high-precision radioisotopic dates. However, the middle Eocene remains a weak link. The so-called "Eocene time scale gap" reflects the scarcity of suitable study sections with clear astronomically-forced variations in carbonate content, primarily because large parts of the oceans were starved of carbonate during the Eocene greenhouse. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 369 cored a carbonate-rich sedimentary sequence of Eocene age in the Mentelle Basin (Site U1514, offshore southwest Australia). The sequence consists of nannofossil chalk and exhibits rhythmic clay content variability. Here, we show that IODP Site U1514 allows for the extraction of an astronomical signal and the construction of an Eocene astrochronology, using 3-cm resolution X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) core scans. The XRF-derived ratio between calcium and iron content (Ca/Fe) tracks the lithologic variability and serves as the basis for our U1514 astrochronology. We present a 16 million-year-long (40-56 Ma) nearly continuous history of Eocene sedimentation with variations paced by eccentricity and obliquity. We supplement the high-resolution XRF data with low-resolution bulk carbon and oxygen isotopes, recording the long-term cooling trend from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM - ca. 56 Ma) into the middle Eocene (ca. 40 Ma). Our early Eocene astrochronology corroborates existing chronologies based on deep-sea sites and Italian land sections. For the middle Eocene, the sedimentological record at U1514 provides a single-site geochemical backbone and thus offers a further step towards a fully integrated Cenozoic geologic time scale at orbital resolution.

This dataset contains the dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantification and optical characterisation results from a KOSMOS mesocosm experiment carried out in the framework of the Ocean Artificial Upwelling project. The experiment was carried out in the autumn of 2018 in the oligotrophic waters of Gran Canaria. During the 39 days of experiment nutrient-rich deep water was added to the mesocosms in two modes (singular vs recurring additions), with four levels of intensity. Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were quantified with a Shimadzu TOC-5000 and a QuAAtro AutoAnalyzer. The absorption and fluorescence proprieties of DOM were determined making use of an Ocean Optics USB2000+UV-VIS-ES Spectrometer and a Jobin Yvon Horiba Fluoromax-4 spectrofluorometer, respectively. The aim of this dataset was to study the effect of artificial upwelling on the dissolved organic matter pool and its potential implications for carbon sequestration.

We freeze-dried and homogenized 44 samples of c. 0.7-1.8 g dry sediment from core PG1351 covering late glacials and interglacials of MIS 8 to MIS 5e, integrating sediment of 1 cm core depth. Temporal resolution of these samples ranges from 140 to 960 years per sample. For the period between 430 and 405 kyrs ago (end of MIS 12 to MIS 11c), 13 samples of 0.5-1.3 g of dry sediment from ICDP core 5011-1 were taken for MA analyses, integrating sediment of 2 cm core depth. Eight of these 13 samples are from the same core depths as were previously analysed for pollen (Melles et al., 2012). Temporal resolution of these samples varies between 200 and 970 years per sample comparable to core PG1351. Across all samples, temporal resolution is 333 ± 273 years per sample, giving centennial- to millennial scale averages. We extracted the polar lipids of all MA samples using a Dionex Accelerated Solvent Extraction system (ASE 350, ThermoFisher Scientific) at 100°C, 103 bar pressure and two extraction cycles (20 min static time) with 100 % methanol, after an ASE cycle with 100 % dichloromethane. For every sample sequence (n=13-18), we extracted a blank ASE cell and included it in all further steps. We added 60 ng of deuterated levoglucosan (C6H3D7O5; dLVG; Th. Geyer GmbH & Co. KG) as internal standard, and filtered the extract over a PTFE filter using acetonitrile and 5 % HPLC-grade water. We analysed the extracts with an Ultimate 3000 RS ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (U-HPLC) with thermostated autosampler and column oven coupled to a Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS; ThermoFisher Scientific) with heated electrospray injection (HESI) probe at GFZ Potsdam, using measurement conditions adapted from earlier studies (Hopmans et al., 2013;Schreuder et al., 2018;Dietze et al., 2019). Briefly, separation was achieved on two Xbridge BEH amide columns in series (2.1 x 150 mm, 3.5 um particle size) fitted with a 50 mm pre-column of the same material (Waters). The compounds were eluted (flow rate 0.2 mL min-1) with 100 % A for 15 minutes, followed by column cleaning with 100 % B for 15 min, and re-equilibration to starting conditions for 25 min. Eluent A was acetonitrile:water:triethylamine (92.5:7.5:0.01) and eluent B acetonitrile:water:triethylamine (70:30:0.01). HESI settings were as follows: sheath gas (N2) pressure 20 (arbitrary units), auxiliary gas (N2) pressure 3 (arbitrary units), auxiliary gas (N2) temperature of 50 ˚C, spray voltage -2.9 kV (negative ion mode), capillary temperature 300 °C, S-Lens 50 V. Detection was achieved by monitoring m/z 150-200 with a resolution of 280,000 ppm. Targeted data dependent MS2 (normalized collision energy 13 V) was performed on any signal within 10 ppm of m/z 161.0445 (calculated exact mass of deprotonated levoglucosan and its isomers) or m/z 168.0884 (calculated exact mass of deprotonated dLVG) with an isolation window of 0.4 m/z. The detection limit was 2.5 pg on column, based on injections of 0.5 to 5000 pg on column of authentic standards of LVG, MAN, and GAL (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and dLVG. Integrations were performed on mass chromatograms within 3 ppm mass accuracy and corrected for relative response factors to dLVG (1.08 ± 0.10, 0.76 ± 0.10 and 0.24 ± 0.05 for LVG, MAN, and GAL, respectively), according to known authentic standard mixes injected before and after every measurement sequence and supported by characteristic isomer-specific MS² data. All samples were corrected by subtracting the maximum MA concentrations in the blank duplicates of each ASE sequence. To account for biases due to sediment properties and sedimentation rates, MA influxes (mass accumulation rates in ng cm-2 yr-1) were calculated by multiplying the concentrations (ng g-1) with the sample-specific dry bulk densities (Melles et al., 2007;Wennrich et al., 2016), and the sample's sedimentation rates (cm yr-1) using the age-depth models presented by Nowaczyk et al. (2013) for the the PG1351 and the ICDP-5011-1 cores.

This table contains the quantities of each pottery class at each site identified during archaeological surveys in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, India. The data is arranged according to the archaeological sites. For each site, the number of sherds and the MNI count are presented.

This data set contains relative humidity measurements obtained with sensors installed in the apse vault of the Cathedral of Valencia in Spain. The interest of these sensors is to monitor the conservation conditions of Renaissance frescoes. Included files are: Cathedral_of_Valencia_RH_2008.csv : Relative humidity measurements for the year 2008 Cathedral_of_Valencia_RH_2010.csv : Relative humidity measurements for the year 2010

* These data represent: Raw data presented in Sluijs et al., 2020 (Climate of the Past)- Peak areas of GDGTs and GMGTs peaks across the late Paleocene - early Eocene of Hole 4 of the Arctic Coring EXpecition (ACEX).- Abundances of isoGDGTs and and chrenarchaeol in the modern peat dataset.* whereThe data were generated on sediment samples taken from drill cores retreived from Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean, 2004 by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, stored in the Bremen Core Repository. For the present paper, we analyzed organic lipid extracts previously documented by Sluijs et al., (2006; 2008; 2009) using the current methodological standards.* when and howThe lipid extracts were analyzed in 2018 in the organic geochemical laboratory at Utrecht University using Ultra High Performance liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry using an Agilent 1260 Infinity series HPLC system coupled to an Agilent 6130 single-quadrupole mass spectrometer (methods follow Hopmans et al., 2016)* whyWe re-analyzed the extracts because analytical methodology has improved since the generation of the original datasets and because the dataset from the Arctic is crucial for Paleocene-Eocene climatology.

This dataset contains environmental data (temperature, relative humidity, and, in some cases, light and ultraviolet radiation levels) of partner museums of the European Horizon 2020 CollectionCare project . The following museums provided data to create this compilation and consolidation: Alava Arms Museum (Spain), Alava Fine Arts Museum (Spain), National Historical Museum (Greece), The Ethnographic Open Air Museum of Latvia, The Royal Danish Collection - Rosenborg (Denmark).

In this dataset, we present Fe, Na and Ca concentration and fluxes retrieved from the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core project, covering the last 108 kyrs. The sampling resolution was 110 cm. To ensure an effective dissolution of Fe particles, samples were acidified to pH 1 using Suprapure nitric acid and stored at room temperature for 1 month before the analysis. The ice samples were analyzed with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer equipped with a quartz Scott spray chamber. Limits of Detection, calculated as three times the standard deviation of the blanks, were 0.8 µg L-1 for 57Fe, 1 µg L-1 for Ca and 3 µg L-1 for Na. Our results show that Holocene Fe fluxes (0.042 -11.7 kyr b2k, 0.5 mg m-2 yr-1) at the NEEM site were four times lower than the average recorded over the last glacial period (11.7– 108 kyr b2k, 2.0 mg m-2 yr-1), while they were greater during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 14.5 – 26.5 kyr b2k, 3.6 mg m-2 yr-1) and Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4, 60 - 71 kyr b2k, 5.8 mg m-2 yr-1). We present Fe, Ca and Na concentration and fluxes. Dating (GICC05modelext-NEEM-1) and accumulation data are from Rasmussen et al., 2013.