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In this interview, James Green, a prominent Brazilianist, tells us about his interest in Brazilian history, his life as a civic and political activist against authoritarianism in Brazil and for gay and lesbian rights, and his academic work and career. The purpose of the interview, besides bringing his work to a wider audience of European historians and social scientists, is to reflect on the relationship between academic work and political and ideological activism, and to discuss the problems of subjectivism and the use of individual testimonies in the making of contemporary history. We invited James Green to reflect on those matters, so he could share with us the views of someone who, because of the nature of his work, could not help but deal permanently with such questions. Nesta entrevista, James Green, um importante “brasilianista”, fala-nos sobre o seu interesse pelo história do Brasil, sobre a sua vida como militante cívico e político contra o autoritarismo no Brasil e a favor dos direitos de gays e lésbicas, e ainda sobre a sua carreira e o seu trabalho académico. O objetivo da entrevista, além de levar o seu trabalho a um público mais amplo de historiadores e cientistas sociais europeus, é refletir sobre a relação entre o trabalho académico e o ativismo político e ideológico, e discutir os problemas do subjetivismo e do uso de testemunhos individuais na construção da história contemporânea. Convidámos James Green a refletir sobre esses problemas, para que pudesse compartilhar connosco as opiniões de alguém que, devido à natureza do seu trabalho, não pôde deixar de se confrontar permanentemente com tais questões. Dans cet entretien, James Green, un important spécialiste de l’histoire moderne du Brésil, nous parle de son intérêt pour le Brésil, de sa vie de militant civique et politique contre l’autoritarisme au Brésil et pour les droits des gays et lesbiennes, ainsi que de sa carrière et de son travail universitaire. L’entretien a pour but de présenter son travail à un public plus large d’historiens et de spécialistes des sciences sociales européens, mais aussi de réfléchir sur le rapport entre travail universitaire et activisme politique et idéologique, et de discuter les problèmes du subjectivisme et de l’usage de témoignages individuels dans la construction de l’histoire contemporaine. Nous avons invité James Green à réfléchir sur ces questions pourqu’il puisse partager avec nous le point de vue de quelqu’un qui, en raison de la nature de son travail, ne pourrait s’empêcher de faire toujours face à ces questions.

Historically, little is known about whether and to what extent disabled people found work and formed families. To fill this gap, this study analyses the life course trajectories of both disabled and non-disabled individuals, between the ages of 15 and 33, from the Sundsvall region in Sweden during the nineteenth century. Having access to micro-data that report disabilities in a population of 8,874 individuals from the parish registers digitised by the Demographic Data Base, Umeå University, we employ sequence analysis on a series of events that are expected to occur in life of young adults: getting a job, marrying and becoming a parent, while also taking into account out-migration and death. Through this method we obtain a holistic picture of the life course of disabled people. Main findings show that their trajectories did not include work or family to the same extent as those of non-disabled people. Secondary findings concerning migration and mortality indicate that the disabled rarely out-migrated from the region, and they suffered from premature deaths. To our knowledge this is the first study to employ sequence analysis on a substantially large number of cases to provide demographic evidence of how disability shaped human trajectories in the past during an extended period of life. Accordingly, we detail our motivation for this method, describe our analytical approach, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with sequence analysis for our case study.

We investigate the accuracy of how author names are reported in bibliographic records excerpted from four prominent sources: WoS, Scopus, PubMed, and CrossRef. We take as a case study 44,549 publications stored in the internal database of Sapienza University of Rome, one of the largest universities in Europe. While our results indicate generally good accuracy for all bibliographic data sources considered, we highlight a number of issues that undermine the accuracy for certain classes of author names, including compound names and names with diacritics, which are common features to Italian and other Western languages.

Presentation at the EADH 2018: "Data in Digital Humanities" at National University of Ireland, Galway 7-9 December 2018

RésumésL’objectif de cet article est de proposer un examen détaillé des apports et des limites de la modélisation en histoire à partir du cas de la Shoah. Il s’appuie sur une enquête qui a permis de reconstituer les « trajectoires de persécution » des 992 Juifs de Lens pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, dont 527 seulement ont survécu. 491 ont été arrêtés, 468 ont été déportés et 449 ont été exterminés. Les données prosopographiques sont utilisées ici pour répondre à une question simple : est-il possible de modéliser la persécution ? En d’autres termes, est-il possible de construire une représentation simplifiée mais heuristique des processus causaux complexes qui ont déterminé les chances de survie face à la persécution nazie à partir de données standardisées sur un nombre relativement important d’individus ? L’article discute les apports et les limites d’une succession de méthodes quantifiées : celles qui s’inscrivent dans ce qu’Andrew Abbott appelle le « programme standard » des sciences sociales, ainsi que l’analyse des réseaux et l’analyse séquentielle. Pour chacune d’entre elles, sont plus particulièrement discutées les manières de rendre compte des interactions entre les individus, de l’historicité des comportements et des processus déterminant ces chances de survie. Les tentatives de modélisation à partir de données historiennes apportent ainsi de véritables renouvellements de connaissances, notamment lorsqu’elles sont menées de manière cumulative sur une même enquête. En passant d’une logique de propriétés individuelles à une logique de trajectoires interconnectées, ces approches permettent de mieux comprendre les interactions sociales et locales, et offrent ainsi des perspectives stimulantes pour la microhistoire de l’Holocauste.

International audience; The CENDARI infrastructure is a research-supporting platform designed to provide tools for transnational historical research, focusing on two topics: medieval culture and World War I. It exposes to the end users modern Web-based tools relying on a sophisticated infrastructure to collect, enrich, annotate, and search through large document corpora. Supporting researchers in their daily work is a novel concern for infrastructures. We describe how we gathered requirements through multiple methods to understand historians' needs and derive an abstract workflow to support them. We then outline the tools that we have built, tying their technical descriptions to the user requirements. The main tools are the note-taking environment and its faceted search capabilities; the data integration platform including the Data API, supporting semantic enrichment through entity recognition; and the environment supporting the software development processes throughout the project to keep both technical partners and researchers in the loop. The outcomes are technical together with new resources developed and gathered, and the research workflow that has been described and documented.

International audience; Published in OA on RESSI (http://www.ressi.ch/) at the end of Octobre 2021. We present here highlights from an enquiry on the innovations in scholarly writing in the Humanities and Social Sciences in the H2020 project OPERAS-P. This article explores the theme of Open Research Data and its role in the emergence of new models of scholarly writing. We examine more closely the obstacles and fostering conditions to the publication of research data, both from a social and a technical perspective.

{"references": ["Auer, S\u00f6ren 2018. Towards an Open Research Knowledge Graph (Version 1). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1157185", "Constantopoulos, Panos & Pertsas, Vayianos 2019. From publications to knowledge graphs. 13th International Workshop on Information Search, Integration, and Personalization, Heraklion, 9\u201310 May 2019.", "29, Issue 3, September 2014, Pages 326\u2013339, https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu026", "Dombrowski, Quinn & Rockwell, Geoffrey. \"The Directory Paradox\". Forthcoming in Debates in Digital Humanities: Institutions, Infrastructures at the Interstices. Univ. of Minnesota Press. Eds. Anne McGrail et al. 2019.", "Representing Research Findings by Semantifying Survey Articles. 315\u2013327. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319- 67008-9_25", "Jim\u00e9nez RC & Kuzak M & Alhamdoosh M et al. 2017. Four simple recommendations to encourage best practices in research software [version 1; peer review: 3 approved]. F1000Research 2017, 6:876 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11407.1", "Grant, Kaitlyn & Dombrowski, Quinn & Ranaweera, Kamal & Rodriquez-Arenas, Omar & Sinclair, Stefan & Rockwell, Geoffrey. \"Absorbing DiRT: Tool Discovery in the Digital Age.\" Digital Studies/le Champ Num\u00e9rique. Forthcoming.", "de Leeuw, Lisa & Admiraal, Femmy & \u010eur\u010do, Matej & Larousse, Nicolas & Mertens, Michael et al. 2017. D5.1 Report on Integrated Service!Needs: DARIAH (in kind) contributions \u2013 Concept and Procedures. [Other] DARIAH. 2017. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01628733", "Raciti, Marco & Moranville, Yoann & Barthauer, Raisa & Buddenbohm, Stefan & Seillier, Dorian 2019. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02088278"]} This document delivers the results of Task 7.1 of the Social Sciences & Humanities Open Cloud project funded by the European Commission under Grant #823782. Its main purpose is the specification of the SSH Open Marketplace (SSHOC MP) in terms of service requirements, data model, and system architecture and design. The Social Sciences & Humanities communities are in an urgent need for a place to gather and exchange information about their tools, services, and datasets. Although plenty of project websites, service registries, and data repositories exist, the lack of a central place integrating these assets and offering domain-relevant means to enrich them and communicate is evident. This place is the SSHOC Marketplace. The approach towards the system specification is based on an extensive requirements engineering process. First and foremost, user requirements have been gathered through questionnaires. The results have been then prioritised based on the user feedback and the experience of the SSHOC project partners. Based on the requirements and thorough state-of-the-art analysis, a data model and the system design have been developed. In order to do so, and by taking into account as much previous work from other European projects as possible, the integration with the EOSC infrastructure has been a primary concern at every step taken. The system specification is now the starting point for the development of the SSHOC MP and also a communication instrument within the project and externally. Over the course of the agile development of the Marketplace, the system specification will also be evolving and contributing to a growing number of SSHOC outcomes. This deliverable has been accepted by the European Commission on - 03 November 2020

AbstractScientific writings, as one essential part of human culture, have evolved over centuries into their current form. Knowing how scientific writings evolved is particularly helpful in understanding how trends in scientific culture developed. It also allows us to better understand how scientific culture was interwoven with human culture generally. The availability of massive digitized texts and the progress in computational technologies today provide us with a convenient and credible way to discern the evolutionary patterns in scientific writings by examining the diachronic linguistic changes. The linguistic changes in scientific writings reflect the genre shifts that took place with historical changes in science and scientific writings. This study investigates a general evolutionary linguistic pattern in scientific writings. It does so by merging two credible computational methods: relative entropy; word-embedding concreteness and imageability. It thus creates a novel quantitative methodology and applies this to the examination of diachronic changes in the Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society (PTRS, 1665–1869). The data from two computational approaches can be well mapped to support the argument that this journal followed the evolutionary trend of increasing professionalization and specialization. But it also shows that language use in this journal was greatly influenced by historical events and other socio-cultural factors. This study, as a “culturomic” approach, demonstrates that the linguistic evolutionary patterns in scientific discourse have been interrupted by external factors even though this scientific discourse would likely have cumulatively developed into a professional and specialized genre. The approaches proposed by this study can make a great contribution to full-text analysis in scientometrics.

Mexico’s so-called “War on Drugs” began as a war on poor people. This article locates the roots of Mexico’s current drug-related violence in a longer history of state terror and violence enacted against social movements and rural communities. The article traces this history by grounding it locally in the guerrerense municipality of Coyuca de Catalán. Resumen: El norte chiquito: De “guerras sucias” a guerras de drogas en Tierra Caliente de Guerrero La mal llamada “guerra contra las drogas” en México empezó como una guerra contra los pobres. Este articulo ubica las raíces de la violencia en el México contemporáneo dentro una historia de terrorismo de estado y violencia durante la década de los años 70. Para desenredar estas raíces, el artículo ofrece una perspectiva histórica y local basada en el municipio guerrerense de Coyuca de Catalán.