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The Forward Spectrometer designed for the PANDA detector will consist of many different detector systems allowing for precise track reconstruction and particle identification. Feasibility studies for Forward Spectrometer done by means of specific reactions will be presented. In the first part of the paper, results of simulations focussing on rate estimates of the tracking stations based on straw tubes will be presented. Next, the importance of the Forward Tracker will be demonstrated through the reconstruction of the ψ(4040) → DD decay. Finally, results from the analysis of the experimental data collected with a straw tube prototype designed and constructed at the Research Center in Juelich will be discussed.

In several countries natural sign languages were considered inadequate for education. Instead, new sign-supported systems were created, based on the belief that spoken/written language is grammatically superior. One such system called SJM (system językowo-migowy) preserves the grammatical and lexical structure of spoken Polish and since 1960s has been extensively employed in schools and on TV. Nevertheless, the Deaf community avoids using SJM for everyday communication, its preferred language being PJM (polski język migowy), a natural sign language, structurally and grammatically independent of spoken Polish and featuring classifier constructions (CCs). Here, for the first time, we compare, with fMRI method, the neural bases of natural vs. devised communication systems. Deaf signers were presented with three types of signed sentences (SJM and PJM with/without CCs). Consistent with previous findings, PJM with CCs compared to either SJM or PJM without CCs recruited the parietal lobes. The reverse comparison revealed activation in the anterior temporal lobes, suggesting increased semantic combinatory processes in lexical sign comprehension. Finally, PJM compared with SJM engaged left posterior superior temporal gyrus and anterior temporal lobe, areas crucial for sentence-level speech comprehension. We suggest that activity in these two areas reflects greater processing efficiency for naturally evolved sign language.

Abstract The stratigraphic position of the Goryczkowiec Sandstone reflects the Paleocene ridge geodynamics in the Outer Carpathian basins. The Goryczkowiec Sandstone was deposited on the slope of a ridge, known as the Subsilesian Sedimentary Area that originated during reorganization of the Outer Carpathian realm. A Paleocene age of this sandstone, documented clearly by autochthonous foraminiferal and algal assemblages indicates the time of the final formation of the Subsilesian Ridge. Abundant calcareous material of biogenic origin was transported by turbidity currents into deeper zones. This material includes fragments of carbonate buildups represented by algae, bryozoans and other organisms growing in the shallower part of the ridge. The Goryczkowiec Sandstone, previously known as the Szydłowiec Sandstone, is here redefined as a new lithostratigraphic unit within the Subsilesian Sedimentary Area in the marginal Outer Carpathians in Poland. The new name clarifies the ambivalence in the lithostratigraphic nomenclature

Na całym świecie od wielu lat lotnicze zespoły ratownictwa medycznego (HEMS) mają ugruntowaną pozycje w systemach ratownictwa medycznego. W chwili obecnej śmigłowce ratownicze są jednym z ogniw łańcucha pomocy przedszpitalnej. Ich rozwój wiązał się jednocześnie z potrzebą tworzenia centrów urazowych, lądowisk przyszpitalnych oraz potrzebą ścisłej współpracy z innymi służbami (dyspozytornie pogotowia ratunkowego, straż pożarna). W efekcie pozwoliło to na najbardziej efektywne i adekwatne wykorzystanie śmigłowca do zaistniałego zapotrzebowania na medyczne czynności ratunkowe. W Polsce, początek organizowania lotniczych zespołów ratownictwa medycznego datuje się na 2000 rok, kiedy to powołano do życia SP ZOZ Lotnicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe. Dynamiczny rozwój lotnicze-go pogotowia ratunkowego skłonił autorów do przedstawienia historii i współczesnych zadań lotniczych zespołów ratownictwa medycznego. For many years has Helicopter Emergency Medical Ser-vice had a wellestablished position in medical rescue systems. At the moment rescue helicopters are a link in the chain of prehospital medical emergency. As this method of transportation developed, a need for trauma centres, hospital landing zones and a close cooperation with other services (ambulance dispatch, firemen) arose. As a result, helicopters could be used more effectively and more adequately to the current needs for medical emergency service. In Poland, the first air ambulance started functioning in 2000 – it was SP ZOZ Lot-nicze Pogotowie Ratunkowe (the Polish Medical Air Rescue). The dynamic development of air emergency was the authors’ inspiration to present the history as well as present tasks of Helicopter Emergen-cy Medical Service.

As a result of war hostilities which began in the Habsburg Monarchy in 1914, migrations of the civilian population started, resulting from the movement of war refugees from the eastern front, i.e. Galicia, and also since May 1915 from the Italian front. Austria-Hungary had to face relocation and accommodation of hundreds of thousands of civilians, who were put in special refugee camps or outside of them in various towns and cities in the monarchy while being housed with their residents or in specially adapted buildings. The article shows selected aspects of the system of barrack camps created during the World War I in the Habsburg Monarchy, focusing on the efficiency of the system in the face of real challenges of the war period.

The available books of Tacitus’ Annales constitute the most important source of information concerning the long war between Rome and the Great King for supremacy in Armenia. Leaving in the background the stereotypical way in which the Arsacids are often portrayed, his characterisation of the protagonists, both Roman and Parthian, reflects Tacitus’ opinions about Rome’ political past and present. The representations the Roman author provides of the various leaders, Corbulo, Paetus, Vologases and Tiridates, seem to marginalise the distinction between Roman and Parthians, in order to distinguish between those who are familiar with the rules of psychological warfare and experts in the tricks of the war game and those who are tragically not.

Marecki discusses three textual caves created by Polish concrete poets: Stanisław Dróżdż's Między (1977); Małgorzata Dawidek Gryglicka's Krótka historia przypadku (1997); and Dróżdż's Żyłki (2002). The medium of all three works was a white cubicle placed in a gallery. Each piece played with the corporeality of the viewer and their experience of networked space, expanding the concept of writing space in literature. Między is an original work of international importance, whereas the two later caves are re-mediations, recycled variations of the original subject. The true innovation of Między is the idea to place text in a space beyond the page, picture or gallery wall. Dróżdż's break with tradition created a networked piece; the body of the viewer is physically inscribed on the work when he or she enters it. Dawidek's installation, created two decades later, has been called a hypertext in space. Therein, the artist incorporated new physical solutions, including links to the lexias, which were written by hand and glued to the walls. Dawidek thus nuanced the use of corporeality in her work, which was designed for a particular space (the viewer moves through the book by following physical links; for instance, when the text mentions exiting, the viewer actually follows a link towards the door). Finally, Dróżdż's 2002 work Żyłki constitutes another step forward. In a similar manner to Dawidek, the artist used physical links. By placing the work in the space that was occupied by Między back in 1977, he thus recycled his initial medium. Marecki utilizes tools for describing the nature of the writing space developed by thinkers like J. D. Bolter and applies Zenon Fajfer's concept of "Liberatura" to develop a media-specific analysis of these three textual caves, as well as the intertextual relations between them.