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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ahmed Ali; Najim Dehak; Patrick Cardinal; Sameer Khurana; +4 Authors

    In this paper, we investigate different approaches for dialect identification in Arabic broadcast speech. These methods are based on phonetic and lexical features obtained from a speech recognition system, and bottleneck features using the i-vector framework. We studied both generative and discriminative classifiers, and we combined these features using a multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM). We validated our results on an Arabic/English language identification task, with an accuracy of 100%. We also evaluated these features in a binary classifier to discriminate between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Dialectal Arabic, with an accuracy of 100%. We further reported results using the proposed methods to discriminate between the five most widely used dialects of Arabic: namely Egyptian, Gulf, Levantine, North African, and MSA, with an accuracy of 59.2%. We discuss dialect identification errors in the context of dialect code-switching between Dialectal Arabic and MSA, and compare the error pattern between manually labeled data, and the output from our classifier. All the data used on our experiments have been released to the public as a language identification corpus.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Edinburgh Research E...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Edinburgh Research Explorer
    Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . 2016
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    OpenAIRE
    Preprint . 2016
    Data sources: OpenAIRE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    arXiv.org e-Print Archive
    Other literature type . Preprint . 2015
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    http://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.0692...
    Conference object
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    https://doi.org/10.21437/Inter...
    Other literature type . Conference object . 2016
    https://doi.org/10.21437/inter...
    Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2015
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Edinburgh Research E...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Edinburgh Research Explorer
      Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . 2016
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      OpenAIRE
      Preprint . 2016
      Data sources: OpenAIRE
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      arXiv.org e-Print Archive
      Other literature type . Preprint . 2015
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      http://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.0692...
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      https://doi.org/10.21437/Inter...
      Other literature type . Conference object . 2016
      https://doi.org/10.21437/inter...
      Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2015
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Junczys-Dowmunt, Marcin; Dwojak, Tomasz; Sennrich, Rico;

    This paper describes the AMU-UEDIN submissions to the WMT 2016 shared task on news translation. We explore methods of decode-time integration ofattention-based neural translation models with phrase-based statistical machinetranslation. Efficient batch-algorithms for GPU-querying are proposed and implemented. For English-Russian, our system stays behind the state-of-the-art pure neural models in terms of BLEU. Among restricted systems, manual evaluation places it in the first cluster tied with the pure neural model. For the Russian-English task, our submission achieves the top BLEU result, outperforming the best pure neural system by 1.1 BLEU points and our ownphrase-based baseline by 1.6 BLEU. After manual evaluation, this system is thebest restricted system in its own cluster. In follow-up experiments we improve results by additional 0.8 BLEU.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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    arXiv.org e-Print Archive; OpenAIRE
    Other literature type . Preprint . 2016
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    http://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.0480...
    Conference object
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Edinburgh Research Explorer
    Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . 2016
    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w1...
    Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2016
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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    29
    citations29
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
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      arXiv.org e-Print Archive; OpenAIRE
      Other literature type . Preprint . 2016
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      http://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.0480...
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Edinburgh Research Explorer
      Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . 2016
      https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w1...
      Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2016
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Muela-Meza, Zapopan Martín;

    This study (Ethical contradictions in the social responsibilities in librarianship/library science) intends to be a critical analysis of some ethical contradictions even in the same ethics and in the social responsabilities in the field of librarianship/library science. It shows evidences on the fact that the professionals of the documental information (PDIs, included librarians) which works were analized that they only show an analysis of the ethical phenomenon exclusively from philosophy, or from a social science, or from philosophy and combined with a social science, but in all the cases none of them include an analysis from the natural sciences such as biology or neuropsicology. Such exclusion is considered here as generator of epistemological biases, flaws and fallacies. It is underpinned, according to the evidences and proofs provided from evolutive biology and neuropsychology, that morality cannot be prescribed culturally, but that it is already innate to humans, and to non human primates, and that in such a case that could be prescribed, it should be done so only after people have a more complete, critical and integral understanding of human nature in general and particularly about its moral innate features. To bridge that gap, here it is intended to approach the ethical phenomenon in the social responsabilities from a conceptual analysis of a critical, integral, and evolutionary materialistic type that intends to cover and triangulate in an analytical whole notions of the phenomenon from the humanities (i.e. philosophy, literature); social sciences (i.e. library science, sociology) and natural sciences (i.e. biology, neuropsychology). This analysis not only does not evade the conflicting and contradictory character around this phenomenon like other partialized and aparently "neutral" approaches analysed here, but also puts it in evidence, demystifies it, and puts it in the context in which it is manifested so that by taking it from such material reality, human nature, it could be analysed if it may be possible or not to create prescriptive ethical codes. It also proposes that the PDIs should take social responsibilities towards the political transformation of society looking for the socialization of humankind, for the humanization of society, for the social equality, for justice, for democracy and for civil liberties in favor of the dominated classes and making a common front of resistance along with all the rest of the thinking humanity to the domination of the ruling classes; not as an ethical precept, but as a foundation from the evolution of the human nature where the communal and cooperative features of human life it is found in this study as the most ancient, abundant and determinant in the history of terrestrial life, and human life. NB: Moral rights of authorship. 2006.11.26. Zapopan Martín Muela Meza, Sheffield, U.K.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ E-LISarrow_drop_down
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    OpenAIRE
    Preprint . 2007
    Data sources: OpenAIRE
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      OpenAIRE
      Preprint . 2007
      Data sources: OpenAIRE
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    We consider a (4+D)–dimensional Friedmann–Robertson–Walker type universe having complex scale factor R + iRI, where R is the scale factor corresponding to the usual 4–dimensional Universe while iRI is that of D–dimensional space. It is then compared with (4+D)–dimensional Kaluza–Klein Cosmology having two scale factors R and a(= iRI). It is shown that the rate of compactification of higher dimension depends on extra dimension ‘D’. The Wheeler–DeWitt equation is constructed and general solution is obtained. It is found that for D = 6 (i.e. in 10 dimension), the Wheeler–DeWitt equation is symmetric under the exchange of RI« R.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Preprint . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO; OpenAIRE
    Other literature type . Preprint . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO; OpenAIRE
    Open Science Framework
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: Datacite
    ResearchGate Data
    Presentation . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Preprint . 2019
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO; OpenAIRE
      Other literature type . Preprint . 2019
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO; OpenAIRE
      Open Science Framework
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: Datacite
      ResearchGate Data
      Presentation . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Recognizing that poverty in the fields of Latin America has not been overcome with the model of agribusiness and agro-exporting, the paradigm of new rurality emerges as a response to meet the demands of the rural areas. This vision is now the basis of rural policies in Latin America and other underdeveloped areas of the world. This document seeks to recover the core elements of this vision in its internal articulation. Then, we will respond to some questions: What can we expect from this paradigm? Can we expect to overcome rural poverty? Which are the merits and limitations of this approach? Tras reconocer que la pobreza en los campos latinoamericanos no ha sido superada con el modelo de los agronegocios y las agroexportaciones, el paradigma de la nueva ruralidad emerge como respuesta para atender las carencias más sentidas en el medio rural. Esta visión, promovida con afán por instituciones multilaterales y por organismos financieros internacionales, ha pasado a ser el eje central de las políticas de Estado orientadas al campo en América Latina y otras zonas subdesarrolladas del orbe. Es intención de este documento recuperar los elementos medulares de este paradigma en su articulación interna. Luego de esta síntesis nos abocamos a responder algunas preguntas: ¿Qué podemos esperar de este paradigma trasladado en la práctica a nuestros países, donde impera la condición de subdesarrollo? ¿Cabe esperar de él éxitos importantes en materia de progreso rural local o microrregional? ¿Cuáles son sus méritos y cuáles sus restricciones?

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    OpenAIRE
    Preprint . 2008
    Data sources: OpenAIRE
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      OpenAIRE
      Preprint . 2008
      Data sources: OpenAIRE
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Auction theories are believed to provide a better selling opportunity for the resources to be allocated. Various organizations have taken measures to increase trust among participants towards their auction system, but trust alone cannot ensure a high level of participation. We propose a new type of auction system which takes advantage of lucky draw and gambling addictions to increase the engagement level of candidates in an auction. Our system makes use of security features present in existing auction systems for ensuring fairness and maintaining trust among participants. Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, and 2 tables

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    arXiv.org e-Print Archive
    Other literature type . Preprint . 2019
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    https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.i...
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      https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.i...
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    Authors: Mitchell, Jeffrey J; Bowers, Jeffrey S;

    Recently, domain-general recurrent neural networks, without explicit linguistic inductive biases, have been shown to successfully reproduce a range of human language behaviours, such as accurately predicting number agreement between nouns and verbs. We show that such networks will also learn number agreement within unnatural sentence structures, i.e. structures that are not found within any natural languages and which humans struggle to process. These results suggest that the models are learning from their input in a manner that is substantially different from human language acquisition, and we undertake an analysis of how the learned knowledge is stored in the weights of the network. We find that while the model has an effective understanding of singular versus plural for individual sentences, there is a lack of a unified concept of number agreement connecting these processes across the full range of inputs. Moreover, the weights handling natural and unnatural structures overlap substantially, in a way that underlines the non-human-like nature of the knowledge learned by the network.

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    Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . Conference object . 2020
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      Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . Conference object . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    International audience; The crucial and growing role performed by different financial intermediaries such as venture capitalists and angel investors as well as more traditional intermediaries such as commercial banks in developing entrepreneurial or innovative firms and boosting product market innovations has led to great research interest in the economics of innovation and entrepreneurial finance. Besides this, there are some important factors or developments which have affected the entrepreneurial finance in general as well as its influence upon different entrepreneurial or innovative firms. Indeed, it is also true that the financial and ownership structures of the different entrepreneurial firms and the legal as well as institutional environment, in which they operate, itself affects the product market innovations (Chemmanur and Fulghieri, 2014). .Therefore, in this paper I want to target a broad theme i.e. analysis of the mechanisms behind this scenario, especially, in the context of Indian market system.

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    https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.i...
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    EconStor
    Research . 2015
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    https://www.cambridge.org/enga...
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    https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2...
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    EconStor
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    In this article I have wanted to delineate the central trends from labour scene of Latin America in the frame of neoliberalism, as well as the domineering perceptions concerning these processes. I have centered in the aspects of major meaning for wage-labor in their insertion to the economic cycle from the sale of the labourforce. The aim is to show that the different dimensions that include the relations between capital and work they have been change thoroughly, and not also in a level of the labour market; nevertheless that is this one the space that has deserved main attention of analysts and politicians. The proposition is that the origin of changes that they have been express in circulation sphere it will be find in adjustment substantive from mechanism extraction of the surplus value (inside productive process), and the results is the reformulation of traditional standards from the distribution of social wealth between the productive factors.

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    Analysing translation quality in regards to specific linguistic phenomena has historically been difficult and time-consuming. Neural machine translation has the attractive property that it can produce scores for arbitrary translations, and we propose a novel method to assess how well NMT systems model specific linguistic phenomena such as agreement over long distances, the production of novel words, and the faithful translation of polarity. The core idea is that we measure whether a reference translation is more probable under a NMT model than a contrastive translation which introduces a specific type of error. We present LingEval97, a large-scale data set of 97000 contrastive translation pairs based on the WMT English->German translation task, with errors automatically created with simple rules. We report results for a number of systems, and find that recently introduced character-level NMT systems perform better at transliteration than models with byte-pair encoding (BPE) segmentation, but perform more poorly at morphosyntactic agreement, and translating discontiguous units of meaning. accepted at EACL 2017 (v3: minor fix to table 6 description)

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    Authors: Ahmed Ali; Najim Dehak; Patrick Cardinal; Sameer Khurana; +4 Authors

    In this paper, we investigate different approaches for dialect identification in Arabic broadcast speech. These methods are based on phonetic and lexical features obtained from a speech recognition system, and bottleneck features using the i-vector framework. We studied both generative and discriminative classifiers, and we combined these features using a multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM). We validated our results on an Arabic/English language identification task, with an accuracy of 100%. We also evaluated these features in a binary classifier to discriminate between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Dialectal Arabic, with an accuracy of 100%. We further reported results using the proposed methods to discriminate between the five most widely used dialects of Arabic: namely Egyptian, Gulf, Levantine, North African, and MSA, with an accuracy of 59.2%. We discuss dialect identification errors in the context of dialect code-switching between Dialectal Arabic and MSA, and compare the error pattern between manually labeled data, and the output from our classifier. All the data used on our experiments have been released to the public as a language identification corpus.

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    Preprint . 2016
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    Other literature type . Preprint . 2015
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    http://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.0692...
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    https://doi.org/10.21437/Inter...
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      http://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.0692...
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    Authors: Junczys-Dowmunt, Marcin; Dwojak, Tomasz; Sennrich, Rico;

    This paper describes the AMU-UEDIN submissions to the WMT 2016 shared task on news translation. We explore methods of decode-time integration ofattention-based neural translation models with phrase-based statistical machinetranslation. Efficient batch-algorithms for GPU-querying are proposed and implemented. For English-Russian, our system stays behind the state-of-the-art pure neural models in terms of BLEU. Among restricted systems, manual evaluation places it in the first cluster tied with the pure neural model. For the Russian-English task, our submission achieves the top BLEU result, outperforming the best pure neural system by 1.1 BLEU points and our ownphrase-based baseline by 1.6 BLEU. After manual evaluation, this system is thebest restricted system in its own cluster. In follow-up experiments we improve results by additional 0.8 BLEU.

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    http://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.0480...
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    https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/w1...
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    Authors: Muela-Meza, Zapopan Martín;

    This study (Ethical contradictions in the social responsibilities in librarianship/library science) intends to be a critical analysis of some ethical contradictions even in the same ethics and in the social responsabilities in the field of librarianship/library science. It shows evidences on the fact that the professionals of the documental information (PDIs, included librarians) which works were analized that they only show an analysis of the ethical phenomenon exclusively from philosophy, or from a social science, or from philosophy and combined with a social science, but in all the cases none of them include an analysis from the natural sciences such as biology or neuropsicology. Such exclusion is considered here as generator of epistemological biases, flaws and fallacies. It is underpinned, according to the evidences and proofs provided from evolutive biology and neuropsychology, that morality cannot be prescribed culturally, but that it is already innate to humans, and to non human primates, and that in such a case that could be prescribed, it should be done so only after people have a more complete, critical and integral understanding of human nature in general and particularly about its moral innate features. To bridge that gap, here it is intended to approach the ethical phenomenon in the social responsabilities from a conceptual analysis of a critical, integral, and evolutionary materialistic type that intends to cover and triangulate in an analytical whole notions of the phenomenon from the humanities (i.e. philosophy, literature); social sciences (i.e. library science, sociology) and natural sciences (i.e. biology, neuropsychology). This analysis not only does not evade the conflicting and contradictory character around this phenomenon like other partialized and aparently "neutral" approaches analysed here, but also puts it in evidence, demystifies it, and puts it in the context in which it is manifested so that by taking it from such material reality, human nature, it could be analysed if it may be possible or not to create prescriptive ethical codes. It also proposes that the PDIs should take social responsibilities towards the political transformation of society looking for the socialization of humankind, for the humanization of society, for the social equality, for justice, for democracy and for civil liberties in favor of the dominated classes and making a common front of resistance along with all the rest of the thinking humanity to the domination of the ruling classes; not as an ethical precept, but as a foundation from the evolution of the human nature where the communal and cooperative features of human life it is found in this study as the most ancient, abundant and determinant in the history of terrestrial life, and human life. NB: Moral rights of authorship. 2006.11.26. Zapopan Martín Muela Meza, Sheffield, U.K.

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    We consider a (4+D)–dimensional Friedmann–Robertson–Walker type universe having complex scale factor R + iRI, where R is the scale factor corresponding to the usual 4–dimensional Universe while iRI is that of D–dimensional space. It is then compared with (4+D)–dimensional Kaluza–Klein Cosmology having two scale factors R and a(= iRI). It is shown that the rate of compactification of higher dimension depends on extra dimension ‘D’. The Wheeler–DeWitt equation is constructed and general solution is obtained. It is found that for D = 6 (i.e. in 10 dimension), the Wheeler–DeWitt equation is symmetric under the exchange of RI« R.

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    Recognizing that poverty in the fields of Latin America has not been overcome with the model of agribusiness and agro-exporting, the paradigm of new rurality emerges as a response to meet the demands of the rural areas. This vision is now the basis of rural policies in Latin America and other underdeveloped areas of the world. This document seeks to recover the core elements of this vision in its internal articulation. Then, we will respond to some questions: What can we expect from this paradigm? Can we expect to overcome rural poverty? Which are the merits and limitations of this approach? Tras reconocer que la pobreza en los campos latinoamericanos no ha sido superada con el modelo de los agronegocios y las agroexportaciones, el paradigma de la nueva ruralidad emerge como respuesta para atender las carencias más sentidas en el medio rural. Esta visión, promovida con afán por instituciones multilaterales y por organismos financieros internacionales, ha pasado a ser el eje central de las políticas de Estado orientadas al campo en América Latina y otras zonas subdesarrolladas del orbe. Es intención de este documento recuperar los elementos medulares de este paradigma en su articulación interna. Luego de esta síntesis nos abocamos a responder algunas preguntas: ¿Qué podemos esperar de este paradigma trasladado en la práctica a nuestros países, donde impera la condición de subdesarrollo? ¿Cabe esperar de él éxitos importantes en materia de progreso rural local o microrregional? ¿Cuáles son sus méritos y cuáles sus restricciones?

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    Auction theories are believed to provide a better selling opportunity for the resources to be allocated. Various organizations have taken measures to increase trust among participants towards their auction system, but trust alone cannot ensure a high level of participation. We propose a new type of auction system which takes advantage of lucky draw and gambling addictions to increase the engagement level of candidates in an auction. Our system makes use of security features present in existing auction systems for ensuring fairness and maintaining trust among participants. Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, and 2 tables

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    Authors: Mitchell, Jeffrey J; Bowers, Jeffrey S;

    Recently, domain-general recurrent neural networks, without explicit linguistic inductive biases, have been shown to successfully reproduce a range of human language behaviours, such as accurately predicting number agreement between nouns and verbs. We show that such networks will also learn number agreement within unnatural sentence structures, i.e. structures that are not found within any natural languages and which humans struggle to process. These results suggest that the models are learning from their input in a manner that is substantially different from human language acquisition, and we undertake an analysis of how the learned knowledge is stored in the weights of the network. We find that while the model has an effective understanding of singular versus plural for individual sentences, there is a lack of a unified concept of number agreement connecting these processes across the full range of inputs. Moreover, the weights handling natural and unnatural structures overlap substantially, in a way that underlines the non-human-like nature of the knowledge learned by the network.

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    International audience; The crucial and growing role performed by different financial intermediaries such as venture capitalists and angel investors as well as more traditional intermediaries such as commercial banks in developing entrepreneurial or innovative firms and boosting product market innovations has led to great research interest in the economics of innovation and entrepreneurial finance. Besides this, there are some important factors or developments which have affected the entrepreneurial finance in general as well as its influence upon different entrepreneurial or innovative firms. Indeed, it is also true that the financial and ownership structures of the different entrepreneurial firms and the legal as well as institutional environment, in which they operate, itself affects the product market innovations (Chemmanur and Fulghieri, 2014). .Therefore, in this paper I want to target a broad theme i.e. analysis of the mechanisms behind this scenario, especially, in the context of Indian market system.

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    In this article I have wanted to delineate the central trends from labour scene of Latin America in the frame of neoliberalism, as well as the domineering perceptions concerning these processes. I have centered in the aspects of major meaning for wage-labor in their insertion to the economic cycle from the sale of the labourforce. The aim is to show that the different dimensions that include the relations between capital and work they have been change thoroughly, and not also in a level of the labour market; nevertheless that is this one the space that has deserved main attention of analysts and politicians. The proposition is that the origin of changes that they have been express in circulation sphere it will be find in adjustment substantive from mechanism extraction of the surplus value (inside productive process), and the results is the reformulation of traditional standards from the distribution of social wealth between the productive factors.

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    Analysing translation quality in regards to specific linguistic phenomena has historically been difficult and time-consuming. Neural machine translation has the attractive property that it can produce scores for arbitrary translations, and we propose a novel method to assess how well NMT systems model specific linguistic phenomena such as agreement over long distances, the production of novel words, and the faithful translation of polarity. The core idea is that we measure whether a reference translation is more probable under a NMT model than a contrastive translation which introduces a specific type of error. We present LingEval97, a large-scale data set of 97000 contrastive translation pairs based on the WMT English->German translation task, with errors automatically created with simple rules. We report results for a number of systems, and find that recently introduced character-level NMT systems perform better at transliteration than models with byte-pair encoding (BPE) segmentation, but perform more poorly at morphosyntactic agreement, and translating discontiguous units of meaning. accepted at EACL 2017 (v3: minor fix to table 6 description)

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