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# Identifier Grammar Pattern Data This data includes six files. Five of these files contain 267 grammar patterns sampled from open source systems and the last file contains an agglomeration of data from the other five files. Each file has several columns: Identifier Type, Identifier Name, FINAL GRAMMAR PATTERN, POSSE, SWUM, STANFORD, system, language. Each of these is self-explanatory, but the function grammar patterns file contains one additional column: STANFORD_WITH_I, due to our use of the stanford+I technique for improving certain POS taggers. # Please cite the paper! 1. Christian D. Newman, Reem S. AlSuhaibani, Michael J. Decker, Anthony Peruma, Dishant Kaushik, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Emily Hill, On the generation, structure, and semantics of grammar patterns in source code identifiers, Journal of Systems and Software, 2020, 110740, ISSN 0164-1212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110740. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121220301680) Keywords: Program comprehension; Identifier naming; Software maintenance; Source code analysis; Part-of-speech tagging # Feel free to contribute! We would love to keep this repository growing with more grammar patterns and are happy to credit anyone who decides to add to our current set here in the README (we will credit your name/username/webapge or whatever you like). If you'd like to contribute more grammar patterns, just make a pull request either adding your own file from a system we do not include above or modifying the .csv files already included. Just be sure to follow the format. # Interested in our research? **Check out https://scanl.org/**

S1A-Psittaciformes-Coverage-AppliedS1A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage globally applied. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S1B-Psittaciformes-Coverage-AppliedS1B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage globally applied. File format: .pdf.S2A-Psittaciformes-Coverage-Applied-0-mnpwS2A Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage globally applied. File format: .pdf.S2B-Psittaciformes-Coverage-Applied-mirS2B File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage globally applied. Total = 108 MIR. File format: .csv.S3A-Psittaciformes-Coverage-RelaxedS3A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Includes information on run commands; and 4 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S3B-Psittaciformes-Coverage-RelaxedS3B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S4A-Psittaciformes-Coverage-Relaxed-0-mnpwS4A Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S4B-Psittaciformes-Coverage-Relaxed-mirS4B File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Psittaciformes alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Total = 160 MIR. File format: .csv.S5A-Eurylaimidae-ParaphyleticS5A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the alignment of passeriform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Eurylaimidae. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S5B-Eurylaimidae-ParaphyleticS5B Fig. Input visualization for the alignment of passeriform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Eurylaimidae. File format: .pdf.S6A-Eurylaimidae-Paraphyletic-0-mnpwS6A Fig. Alignment visualization for the alignment of passeriform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Eurylaimidae. File format: .pdf.S6B-Eurylaimidae-Paraphyletic-mirS6B File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the alignment of passeriform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Eurylaimidae. Total = 63 MIR. File format: .csv.S7A-Tityridae-ParaphyleticS7A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the alignment of tyrannoid clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Tityridae. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S7B-Tityridae-ParaphyleticS7B Fig. Input visualization for the alignment of tyrannoid clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Tityridae. File format: .pdf.S7C-Tityridae-Paraphyletic-0-mnpwS7C Fig. Alignment visualization for the alignment of tyrannoid clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Tityridae. File format: .pdf.S7D-Tityridae-Paraphyletic-mirS7D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the alignment of tyrannoid clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Tityridae. Total = 140 MIR. File format: .csv.S8A-Hydrobatidae-Procellariidae-ParaphyleticS8A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the alignment of procellariiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Hydrobatidae and Class2015.Procellariidae. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S8B-Hydrobatidae-Procellariidae-ParaphyleticS8B Fig. Input visualization for the alignment of procellariiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Hydrobatidae and Class2015.Procellariidae. File format: .pdf.S8C-Hydrobatidae-Procellariidae-Paraphyletic-0-mnpwS8C Fig. Alignment visualization for the alignment of procellariiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Hydrobatidae and Class2015.Procellariidae. File format: .pdf.S8D-Hydrobatidae-Procellariidae-Paraphyletic-mirS8D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the alignment of procellariiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Hydrobatidae and Class2015.Procellariidae. Total = 221 MIR. File format: .csv.S9A-Caprimulgiformes-ParaphyleticS9A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the alignment of caprimulgiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Caprimulgiformes. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S9B-Caprimulgiformes-ParaphyleticS9B Fig. Input visualization for the alignment of caprimulgiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Caprimulgiformes. File format: .pdf.S9C-Caprimulgiformes-Paraphyletic-0-mnpwS9C Fig. Alignment visualization for the alignment of caprimulgiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Caprimulgiformes. File format: .pdf.S9D-Caprimulgiformes-Paraphyletic-mirS9D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the alignment of caprimulgiform clade concepts ("Phylo2015") sec. 2015.PEA with the corresponding classification concepts ("Class2015") sec. Gill & Donsker (2015); including the (paraphyletic) Class2015.Caprimulgiformes. Total = 672 MIR. File format: .csv.S10A-Neornithes-Excepting-TelluravesS10A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment (excepting 2015./2014.Telluraves), with coverage locally relaxed. Includes information on run commands; and 58 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S10B-Neornithes-Excepting-TelluravesS10B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment (excepting 2015./2014.Telluraves), with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S10C-Neornithes-Excepting-Telluraves-0-mnpwS10C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment (excepting 2015./2014.Telluraves), with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S10D-Neornithes-Excepting-Telluraves-mirS10D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment (excepting 2015./2014.Telluraves), with coverage locally relaxed. Total = 68,208 MIR. File format: .csv.S11A-TelluravesS11A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Includes information on run commands; and 37 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S11B-TelluravesS11B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S11C-Telluraves-0-mnpwS11C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S11D-Telluraves-mirS11D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Total = 32,864 MIR. File format: .csv.S12A-Pelecanimorphae-OverlapS12A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Pelecanimorphae alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Includes information on run commands; and 2 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S12B-Pelecanimorphae-OverlapS12B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Pelecanimorphae alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S12C-Pelecanimorphae-Overlap-0-mnpwS12C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Pelecanimorphae alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S12D-Pelecanimorphae-Overlap-mirS12D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Pelecanimorphae alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Total = 200 MIR. File format: .csv.S13A-Passeri-OverlapS13A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015.Passeri/2014.Passeriformes_Clade2 alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Includes information on run commands; and 1 instance of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S13B-Passeri-OverlapS13B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015.Passeri/2014.Passeriformes_Clade2 alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S13C-Passeri-Overlap-0-mnpwS13C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015.Passeri/2014.Passeriformes_Clade2 alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. File format: .pdf.S13D-Passeri-Overlap-mirS13D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015.Passeri/2014.Passeriformes_Clade2 alignment, with coverage locally relaxed. Total = 140 MIR. File format: .csv.S14A-Telluraves-Overlap-Whole-Concept-ResolutionS14A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under whole-concept resolution. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S14B-Telluraves-Overlap-Whole-Concept-ResolutionS14B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under whole-concept resolution. File format: .pdf.S14C-Telluraves-Overlap-Whole-Concept-Resolution-0-mnpwS14C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under whole-concept resolution. File format: .pdf.S14D-Telluraves-Overlap-Whole-Concept-Resolution-mirS14D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under whole-concept resolution. Total = 81 MIR. File format: .csv.S15A-Telluraves-Overlap-Split-Concept-ResolutionS15A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under split-concept resolution. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S15B-Telluraves-Overlap-Split-Concept-ResolutionS15B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under split-concept resolution. File format: .pdf.S15C-Telluraves-Overlap-Split-Concept-Resolution-0-mncbS15C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under split-concept resolution. File format: .pdf.S15D-Telluraves-Overlap-Split-Concept-Resolution-mirS15D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Telluraves alignment (higher-level subset), under split-concept resolution. Total = 81 MIR. File format: .csv.S16A-Neornithes-Higher-Level-OverlapS16A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment, under whole-concept resolution, ranging from the root to the ordinal level (with exceptions where needed). Includes information on run commands; and 4 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S16B-Neornithes-Higher-Level-OverlapS16B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment, under whole-concept resolution, ranging from the root to the ordinal level (with exceptions where needed). File format: .pdf.S16C-Neornithes-Higher-Level-Overlap-0-mnpwS16C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment, under whole-concept resolution, ranging from the root to the ordinal level (with exceptions where needed). File format: .pdf.S16D-Neornithes-Higher-Level-Overlap-mirS16D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Neornithes alignment, under whole-concept resolution, ranging from the root to the ordinal level (with exceptions where needed). Total = 8,051 MIR. File format: .csv.S17A-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Whole-Concept-ResolutionS17A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under whole-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S17B-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Whole-Concept-ResolutionS17B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under whole-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. File format: .pdf.S17C-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Whole-Concept-Resolution-0-mnpwS17C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under whole-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. File format: .pdf.S17D-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Whole-Concept-Resolution-mirS17D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under whole-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. Total = 441 MIR. File format: .csv.S18A-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Split-Concept-ResolutionS18A Text. Reasoner input constraints for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under split-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. Includes information on run commands; and 0 instances of "no coverage". File format: .txt.S18B-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Split-Concept-ResolutionS18B Fig. Input visualization for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under split-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. File format: .pdf.S18C-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Split-Concept-Resolution-0-mncbS18C Fig. Alignment visualization for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under split-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. File format: .pdf.S18D-Neoaves-Conflict-Region-Overlap-Split-Concept-Resolution-mirS18D File. Set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) inferred for the 2015./2014.Neoaves alignment, under split-concept resolution, limited to the main conflict region. Total = 441 MIR. File format: .csv.S19-OToL_Visualization_2015.PEA_Conflict_On_2014.JEAS19 File. Output tree file (visualized using FigTree) of the OToL conflict visualization method, with 2014.JEA as the primary source phylogeny and 2015.PEA as the alternative. File format: .tre.S20-OToL_Visualization_2014.JEA_Conflict_On_2015.PEAS20 File. Output tree file (visualized using FigTree) of the OToL conflict visualization method, with 2015.PEA as the primary source phylogeny and 2014.JEA as the alternative. File format: .tre. Phylogenomic research is accelerating the publication of landmark studies that aim to resolve deep divergences of major organismal groups. Meanwhile, systems for identifying and integrating the products of phylogenomic inference–such as newly supported clade concepts–have not kept pace. However, the ability to verbalize node concept congruence and conflict across multiple, in effect simultaneously endorsed phylogenomic hypotheses, is a prerequisite for building synthetic data environments for biological systematics and other domains impacted by these conflicting inferences. Here we develop a novel solution to the conflict verbalization challenge, based on a logic representation and reasoning approach that utilizes the language of Region Connection Calculus (RCC–5) to produce consistent alignments of node concepts endorsed by incongruent phylogenomic studies. The approach employs clade concept labels to individuate concepts used by each source, even if these carry identical names. Indirect RCC–5 modeling of intensional (property-based) node concept definitions, facilitated by the local relaxation of coverage constraints, allows parent concepts to attain congruence in spite of their differentially sampled children. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we align two recent phylogenomic reconstructions of higher-level avian groups that entail strong conflict in the "neoavian explosion" region. According to our representations, this conflict is constituted by 26 instances of input "whole concept" overlap. These instances are further resolvable in the output labeling schemes and visualizations as "split concepts", which provide the labels and relations needed to build truly synthetic phylogenomic data environments. Because the RCC–5 alignments fundamentally reflect the trained, logic-enabled judgments of systematic experts, future designs for such environments need to promote a culture where experts routinely assess the intensionalities of node concepts published by our peers–even and especially when we are not in agreement with each other.

Raw data in the format of .UDF which can be opened by Highscore+, dataviewer, and MacDiff. THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOVE

In 1967 G.G. Simpson described three partial mandibles from early Miocene deposits in Kenya that he interpreted as belonging to a new strepsirrhine primate, Propotto. This interpretation was quickly challenged, with the assertion that Propotto was not a primate, but rather a pteropodid fruit bat. The latter interpretation has not been questioned for almost half a century. Here we re-evaluate the affinities of Propotto, drawing upon diverse lines of evidence to establish that this strange mammal is a strepsirrhine primate as originally suggested by Simpson. Moreover, our phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Propotto, together with late Eocene Plesiopithecus from Egypt, as African stem chiromyiform lemurs that are exclusively related to the extant aye-aye (Daubentonia) from Madagascar. Our results challenge the long-held view that all lemurs are descended from a single ancient colonization of Madagascar, and present an intriguing alternative scenario in which two lemur lineages dispersed from Africa to Madagascar independently, possibly during the later Cenozoic. Gunnell.et.al.2018_Fossil.Lemurs.from.Egypt.and.KenyaData files, settings, and results from the phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses presented in Gunnell et al. (2018).

tabular dataset containing the corpus narratives for each study, along with participant and field study attributes. THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOVE

High-elevation environments above 2500 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l.) were among the planet's last frontiers of human colonization. Research on the speed and tempo of this colonization process is active and holds implications for understanding rates of genetic, physiological and cultural adaptation in our species. Permanent occupation of high-elevation environments in the Andes Mountains of South America tentatively began with hunter–gatherers around 9 ka according to current archaeological estimates, though the timing is currently debated. Recent observations on the archaeological site of Soro Mik'aya Patjxa (8.0–6.5 ka), located at 3800 m.a.s.l. in the Andean Altiplano, offer an opportunity to independently test hypotheses for early permanent use of the region. This study observes low oxygen (δ18O) and high carbon (δ13C) isotope values in human bone, long travel distances to low-elevation zones, variable age and sex structure in the human population and an absence of non-local lithic materials. These independent lines of evidence converge to support a model of permanent occupation of high elevations and refute logistical and seasonal use models. The results constitute the strongest empirical support to date for permanent human occupation of the Andean highlands by hunter–gatherers before 7 ka. Haas_etal_SMP_PermanentOccupation_RSOS_ESM

Supplemental data to Valletta et al. (2017). Data includes one .pdf and three .stl files depicting moraine boulder shape models. For use in Balco's (2014) MATLAB code to model cosmic ray attenuation through geometric obstructions. Balco, G., 2014, Simple computer code for estimating cosmic-ray shielding by oddly shaped objects: Quaternary Geochronology, v. 22, p. 175–182, doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2013.12.002. Valletta, R.D., Willenbring, J.K., Lewis, A.R., 2017, "Difference Dating": a novel approach towards dating alpine glacial moraines, Quaternary Geochronology, in press.