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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
  • 2018-2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Luik, Heidi; Piličiauskienė, Giedrė; Podėnas, Vytenis; Micelicaitė, Viktorija; +2 Authors

    Vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus įtvirtintų gyvenviečių daugiausia aptinkama dabartinės Lietuvos šiaurės rytinėje dalyje. Archeologinių tyrimų metu jose randama nemažai kaulo ir rago dirbinių. Prieš 15 metų išsamiau jau buvo tyrinėti ir publikuoti keleto žymiausių šiaurės rytų Lietuvos piliakalnių - Narkūnų, Nevieriškės ir Kerelių - kauliniai dirbiniai (1 pav.: 4-6; Luik, Maldre, 2007). Šiame straipsnyje yra aptariami keleto kitų šio regiono įtvirtintų gyvenviečių - Sokiškių, Mineikiškių ir Garnių I - kauliniai dirbiniai bei jų gamybos atliekos (1 pav.: 1-3). Minėtų gyvenviečių archeologinio ištyrimo lygis labai skiriasi ir tai yra viena iš priežasčių, kodėl toks skirtingas kiekvienoje jų rastų ir šioje publikacijoje pristatomų kaulo bei rago dirbinių skaičius. Iš viso Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus rinkiniuose yra saugoma daugiau kaip 600 Sokiškių, Mineikiškių ir Garnių I įtvirtintose gyvenvietėse rastų kaulinių dirbinių ir jų gamybos atliekų. Tiesa, kaip paaiškėjo atlikus tyrimus, tarp jų pasitaikė ir kaulų bei ragų fragmentų be jokių apdirbimo žymių. Šie radiniai mūsų darbe neanalizuoti. Zooarcheologinėje aptariamų gyvenviečių medžiagoje dominavo žinduolių liekanos, o apie 90 % kaulų fragmentų priklausė naminiams gyvuliams. Iš jų daugiausia rasta kiaulių kaulų fragmentų, antroje vietoje buvo avys / ožkos (Mineikiškėse ir Garniuose I) arba galvijai (Sokiškiuose). Dauguma dirbinių buvo pagaminti iš kaulo, vos keletu atvejų buvo apdirbti ragai ir dantys (1 lentelė; 2-3 pav.). Daugiausia, apie 400 kaulo ir rago dirbinių bei jų gamybos atliekų buvo rasta ir ištirta Sokiškių įtvirtintoje gyvenvietėje. O Mineikiškėse ir Garniuose I buvo rasta vos kiek daugiau negu 50 kaulo ir rago dirbinių. Dirbiniai daugiausia buvo gaminami iš smulkių naminių gyvulių - kiaulių ir avių / ožkų ilgųjų kaulų, nors nemaža dalis buvo padaryti ir iš stambių kanopinių gyvūnų ilgųjų kaulų. Greičiausiai šiuo tikslu buvo naudojami galvijų kaulai, nes, kaip parodė kitų rytų Baltijos regiono įtvirtintų gyvenviečių tyrimai, kauliniai dirbiniai gaminti iš maistui dažniausiai naudotų gyvulių rūšių kaulų. Skirtingų tipų ir paskirties dirbinių kiekis gyvenvietėse skyrėsi (2 lentelė). Daugiausia aptikta kaltelių ir gremžtukų (5 pav.), taip pat ylos tipo dirbinių (6 pav.). Treti pagal gausą - kauliniai smeigtukai (7 pav.), o kitų tipų dirbinių gerokai mažiau (8-9 pav.). Įdomu, kad nors kaulinių dirbinių aptikta nemažai, jų gamybos atliekų rasta labai nedaug (10 pav.). Šio reiškinio priežastys gali būti kelios. Dirbiniams gaminti būdavo parenkami labiausiai būsimo įrankio formą atitinkantys kaulai, kurių apdirbimas beveik nepalikdavo jokių specifinių atliekų. Dėl šios priežasties dirbinių gamybos atliekos dažniausiai yra priskiriamos neapdirbtiems kaulams. O štai rago apdirbimo atliekų rasta palyginti nemažai (4 pav.), nors pačių dirbinių nedaug. Rago ir kaulo apdirbimo būdus galima įvardyti kaip tradicinius. Pasirinkti kaulai bei ragai dalinti į smulkesnes dalis - kapojami (11-12, 13: 3 pav.), pjaustomi ir laužomi (10: 4-5, 13: 2 pav.). Be to, buvo naudojami natūraliai spirališkai lūžę ilgieji kaulai. Tokio lūžio suformuotas išgaubtas kaulo galas buvo tinkamas ovaliems kaltams ir gremžtukams gaminti (10: 2-3, 6 pav.). Dirbiniai buvo formuojami gludinant juos akmenimis (14; 15: 3-4 pav.). Be to, ant kai kurių dirbinių paviršiaus yra matomos išilginės, įstrižos ar skersinės įraižos nuo titnaginių įrankių (9: 5, 13: 1, 4-5 pav.). Skylės dirbiniuose formuotos skirtingais būdais (15-16 pav.). Vos keletas dirbinių buvo papuošti. Dauguma dirbinių yra labai paprasti ir greičiausiai yra pagaminti naudojant akmeninius įrankius. Tokiais pat būdais kauliniai dirbiniai buvo gaminami ir kitose įtvirtintose Lietuvos, taip pat Latvijos bei Estijos gyvenvietėse. Itin didelę dirbinių grupę sudaro kailiams ir odoms apdirbti naudoti dirbiniai - kalteliai, gremžtukai, ylos ir kiti ylos tipo dirbiniai. Gyvulininkystė buvo svarbi įtvirtintose gyvenvietėse gyvenusių bendruomenių ūkio šaka, o vienas iš jos produktų buvo gyvulių odos. Gali būti, kad gyvulių odos, kailiai ir odos gaminiai buvo mainų objektas ir keisti į svarbią žaliavą - bronzą. Dar viena didelė dirbinių grupė yra smeigtukai, naudoti drabužiams susegti. Nors kaulinių smeigtukų yra randama ir neolito gyvenvietėse, tačiau vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus įtvirtintos gyvenvietės išsiskiria itin dideliu jų skaičiumi. Išaugęs smeigtukų naudojimas tikriausiai yra susijęs su aprangos pokyčiais - vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus rūbams susegti reikėjo gerokai daugiau smeigtukų negu akmens amžiuje. Aptariamu laikotarpiu vidurio ir šiaurės Europoje drabužiams susegti buvo naudojami įvairūs bronziniai smeigtukai, tačiau rytinėje Baltijos jūros pakrantėje jie dar buvo gana reti, o vietos gyventojai dažniausiai tebenaudojo įvairius kaulinius smeigtukus. Kaip šie smeigtukai buvo nešiojami ir kas juos naudojo, lieka neaišku, nes šiaurės rytų Lietuvoje aptariamo laikotarpio kapų beveik nėra. Palyginus šiame straipsnyje aptartų gyvenviečių kaulinius dirbinius su kitų rytų Baltijos regiono vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus gyvenviečių radiniais galima teigti, kad panašiausi yra šiaurės rytų Lietuvos, rytų Latvijos ir šiaurės vakarų Baltarusijos įtvirtintų gyvenviečių dirbiniai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vėlyvasis bronzos amžius, šiaurės rytų Lietuva, įtvirtintos gyvenvietės. The article discusses artefacts made of osseous materials found in the Late Bronze Age fortified settlement sites in north-eastern Lithuania. Earlier, Bronze Age bone items from three Lithuanian sites – Narkūnai, Nevieriškė and Kereliai - have been analysed more thoroughly. Of sites discussed here, Sokiškiai has been archaeologically investigated in the beginning of the 1980-ies. In recent years, research has been carried out on the fortified settlements of Mineikiškės and Garniai I. 14C AMS dates have been used to date new sites as well as to specify the dates of previously studied settlements. During this research, approximately half a hundred bone, antler and tooth objects were examined, and the material used to make them was determined, if possible up to the species and skeletal part. Among the materials used, bone predominated, antler was used less, and teeth were used in only a few cases. An overview is given of the common types of bone objects, the processing techniques used to make them and the uses of the objects. The majority of tools are chisels and scrapers, and awls and points, many of which could have been used as leather working tools. The third major group of finds is bone pins, which testify to the clothing fashion that needed pins for attachment. Comparing the finds of Late Bronze Age fortified settlements in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Byelorussia, greater similarity can be observed in certain types of bone artefacts in south-eastern Latvia, north-western Byelorussia, and north-eastern Lithuania. Key words: Late Bronze Age, north-eastern Lithuania, fortified settlements, bone and antler artefacts, bone and antler working.

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    Archaeologia Lituana
    Article . 2022
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    Archaeologia Lituana
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Archaeologia Lituana
      Article . 2022
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      Archaeologia Lituana
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Joanna Religa-Sobczyk; Krzysztof Wertz; Lembi Lõugas; Michał Wojenka; +2 Authors

    Archaeological research at Ojców castle has yielded important information about life in that medieval castle. The results of zooarchaeological analyses presented in this paper complement the archaeological research, adding to our knowledge of the diet of the castle inhabitants from the time of establishment of the castle until the final residents. Zooarchaeological research is also complemented by data from older settlement phases on the castle hill, directly related to the Lusatian culture in the early Iron Age. The great variability of remains from mammals, birds, and fish and the taphonomic features of bones found in the different chronological strata of the castle’s courtyard reflect the diverse economic activities that took place in particular times and spaces.

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    Heritage
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Heritage
    Article . 2022
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      Heritage
      Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Heritage
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Viacheslav Morozov; Anatoly Reshetnikov; Elizaveta Gaufman;

    AbstractThe nationwide prominence of Russian oppositional artists has inspired a fair number of studies analyzing the political aspects of their creative output. We argue that the new generation of Russian musicians, whose art became popular in the end of 2010s, brings political engagement to a qualitatively new level. Following Jacques Rancière, we reject the assumption that critical art can bring about political mobilization by exposing social evils. Instead, we juxtapose politics and police, distinguishing between transformative moments of discursive confrontation and the mundane activity centered on distributing places and roles. In this article, we look at three popular Russian musical collectives – IC3PEAK, Shortparis, and Monetochka – whose art disrupts the police order in a novel and subversive manner. Some of their works became even more timely with the outbreak of Russia’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine. We have performed multimodal discourse analysis of their audio and video clips, aimed at identifying the ways in which these artworks create the conditions of possibility for new politics by re-articulating the connection between the political and the universal.

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    Nationalities Papers
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nationalities Papers
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tommaso, Giordani;

    The article offers an overview and a critical assessment of the work of Zeev Sternhell, focussing on the questions of fascism and of the anti-Enlightenment tradition. It claims that the career of the Israeli historian revolves around the intuition of a history of European modernity marked by a central opposition: that between the Enlightenment and the anti-Enlightenment. I show how the idea is already present in his initial works, and argue that it produces a specific kind of intellectual history, concerned with the unity of traditions over large temporal horizons. I claim that it has the advantage of offering an historically grounded reading of fascism which nonetheless is capable to account for its emergence in apparently very dissimilar contexts. After having examined some of the shortcomings of this approach, I offer an historical explanation for the type of intellectual history practiced by Sternhell, arguing that it must be tied to his political activism in Israel.

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    History of European Ideas
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      History of European Ideas
      Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Andreas Hennius; John Ljungkvist; Steven P. Ashby; Richard Hagan; +5 Authors

    The use of marine mammal bone as a raw material in the manufacturing of gaming pieces in the Scandinavian late Iron Age has been observed and discussed in recent years. New empirical studies have created a chronology as well as a typology showing how the design of the gaming pieces is tightly connected to different choices of raw material; from antler in the Roman and Migration periods, to whale bone in the sixth century, and walrus in the tenth century. Macroscopic examination can, however, rarely go beyond determining that the material is ‘cetacean bone’. The following article presents the taxonomic identifications of 68 samples of whale bone gaming pieces, determined using Zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry analysis. The results demonstrate the consistent use of bones from Balaenidae sp. most probably the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). This paper presents strong evidence for active, large-scale hunting of whales in Scandinavia, starting in the sixth century. The manufacture of gaming pieces was probably not the driver for the hunt, but merely a by-product that has survived in the archaeological record. Of greater importance were probably baleen, meat, and blubber that could be rendered into oil. This oil might have been an additional trading product in the far-reaching trade networks that were developing during the period. This study supports previous studies suggesting that Iron Age and medieval trade and resource exploitation had a much more severe influence on ecosystems than previously expected. It adds additional insights into anthropogenic impact on mammal populations in prehistory. Viking phenomenon project

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    Journal of Maritime Archaeology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Maritime Archaeology
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    Authors: Karro, Krista;

    The article will comprise a discussion on the continual aspect of landscape based on a burial place in the eastern part of Estonia. This burial place was used for collective dispersed burials into a stone grave from the 3rd to 11th centuries AD. In the second half of the 11th century the burial tradition changed, and from that time on richly furnished inhumations were practiced in the very place next to the stone grave. Previously, I have interpreted such a change in social and religious landscape as a rupture, but it can also be considered as a continuation. The physical landscape remained the same, while new religious rituals (individual inhumations instead of collective cremations) were starting to be practiced at the same location. I will argue that there were various reasons for using this place in the landscape for such a long period of time. The main reason, however, was economic, for the place was probably used as a harbour site. But as practical everyday life was probably closely connected to religious life during that period, I will argue that there was also a religious importance to the place.

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    Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Valdis Bērziņš; Agnese Čakare; Mārcis Kalniņš; Lembi Lõugas; +2 Authors
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    Authors: Giordani, Tommaso; Mead, Henry;

    The article examines T. E. Hulme's reading of Georges Sorel as a politically transversal thinker of moral renewal. It argues that, by distancing Sorel from syndicalism and by reading him as a thinker of moral absolutes, this interpretation constituted an act of resignification. This is shown by contrasting Hulme's reading with the dominant patterns of the British reception of Sorel. What emerges is the striking, and self-aware, originality of Hulme's positions. This originality, we argue, was made possible by the European scope of Hulme's intellectual horizon, which gave him the resources to read Sorel differently. Finally, we ask why Hulme read Sorel in this way. We suggest that Hulme was working through a contradiction between his relativistic philosophical education and an increasing need for political commitment. Sorel's ethics of commitment grounded in myth were a way to move from Bergsonian openness to a metaphysics capable of conceptualizing moral and political absolutes.

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    Authors: Jana Keck; Mila Oiva; Paul Fyfe;
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    Authors: Topuz, Ahmet Ilker; Kiisk, Madis; Giammanco, Andrea; Magi, Mart;

    In muon scattering tomography, the investigated materials are discriminated according to the scattering angle that mainly depends on the atomic number, the density, and the thickness of the medium at a given energy value. The scattering angles at different initial energies also provide the opportunity to classify the incoming muons into a number of energy groups. In this study, by employing the GEANT4 code, we show that the deflection angle exponentially decays as a function of energy, and the numerical values for the current configuration are below the detector accuracy except the initial energy bins owing to the low-Z, low density, and low thickness of the current plastic scintillators. This implies the necessity of additional components that provoke the muon scattering. Therefore, we introduce stainless steel surfaces into the top and bottom sections in order to amplify the deflection angle as well as to reduce the uncertainty, thereby improving the detector performance.

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Luik, Heidi; Piličiauskienė, Giedrė; Podėnas, Vytenis; Micelicaitė, Viktorija; +2 Authors

    Vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus įtvirtintų gyvenviečių daugiausia aptinkama dabartinės Lietuvos šiaurės rytinėje dalyje. Archeologinių tyrimų metu jose randama nemažai kaulo ir rago dirbinių. Prieš 15 metų išsamiau jau buvo tyrinėti ir publikuoti keleto žymiausių šiaurės rytų Lietuvos piliakalnių - Narkūnų, Nevieriškės ir Kerelių - kauliniai dirbiniai (1 pav.: 4-6; Luik, Maldre, 2007). Šiame straipsnyje yra aptariami keleto kitų šio regiono įtvirtintų gyvenviečių - Sokiškių, Mineikiškių ir Garnių I - kauliniai dirbiniai bei jų gamybos atliekos (1 pav.: 1-3). Minėtų gyvenviečių archeologinio ištyrimo lygis labai skiriasi ir tai yra viena iš priežasčių, kodėl toks skirtingas kiekvienoje jų rastų ir šioje publikacijoje pristatomų kaulo bei rago dirbinių skaičius. Iš viso Lietuvos nacionalinio muziejaus rinkiniuose yra saugoma daugiau kaip 600 Sokiškių, Mineikiškių ir Garnių I įtvirtintose gyvenvietėse rastų kaulinių dirbinių ir jų gamybos atliekų. Tiesa, kaip paaiškėjo atlikus tyrimus, tarp jų pasitaikė ir kaulų bei ragų fragmentų be jokių apdirbimo žymių. Šie radiniai mūsų darbe neanalizuoti. Zooarcheologinėje aptariamų gyvenviečių medžiagoje dominavo žinduolių liekanos, o apie 90 % kaulų fragmentų priklausė naminiams gyvuliams. Iš jų daugiausia rasta kiaulių kaulų fragmentų, antroje vietoje buvo avys / ožkos (Mineikiškėse ir Garniuose I) arba galvijai (Sokiškiuose). Dauguma dirbinių buvo pagaminti iš kaulo, vos keletu atvejų buvo apdirbti ragai ir dantys (1 lentelė; 2-3 pav.). Daugiausia, apie 400 kaulo ir rago dirbinių bei jų gamybos atliekų buvo rasta ir ištirta Sokiškių įtvirtintoje gyvenvietėje. O Mineikiškėse ir Garniuose I buvo rasta vos kiek daugiau negu 50 kaulo ir rago dirbinių. Dirbiniai daugiausia buvo gaminami iš smulkių naminių gyvulių - kiaulių ir avių / ožkų ilgųjų kaulų, nors nemaža dalis buvo padaryti ir iš stambių kanopinių gyvūnų ilgųjų kaulų. Greičiausiai šiuo tikslu buvo naudojami galvijų kaulai, nes, kaip parodė kitų rytų Baltijos regiono įtvirtintų gyvenviečių tyrimai, kauliniai dirbiniai gaminti iš maistui dažniausiai naudotų gyvulių rūšių kaulų. Skirtingų tipų ir paskirties dirbinių kiekis gyvenvietėse skyrėsi (2 lentelė). Daugiausia aptikta kaltelių ir gremžtukų (5 pav.), taip pat ylos tipo dirbinių (6 pav.). Treti pagal gausą - kauliniai smeigtukai (7 pav.), o kitų tipų dirbinių gerokai mažiau (8-9 pav.). Įdomu, kad nors kaulinių dirbinių aptikta nemažai, jų gamybos atliekų rasta labai nedaug (10 pav.). Šio reiškinio priežastys gali būti kelios. Dirbiniams gaminti būdavo parenkami labiausiai būsimo įrankio formą atitinkantys kaulai, kurių apdirbimas beveik nepalikdavo jokių specifinių atliekų. Dėl šios priežasties dirbinių gamybos atliekos dažniausiai yra priskiriamos neapdirbtiems kaulams. O štai rago apdirbimo atliekų rasta palyginti nemažai (4 pav.), nors pačių dirbinių nedaug. Rago ir kaulo apdirbimo būdus galima įvardyti kaip tradicinius. Pasirinkti kaulai bei ragai dalinti į smulkesnes dalis - kapojami (11-12, 13: 3 pav.), pjaustomi ir laužomi (10: 4-5, 13: 2 pav.). Be to, buvo naudojami natūraliai spirališkai lūžę ilgieji kaulai. Tokio lūžio suformuotas išgaubtas kaulo galas buvo tinkamas ovaliems kaltams ir gremžtukams gaminti (10: 2-3, 6 pav.). Dirbiniai buvo formuojami gludinant juos akmenimis (14; 15: 3-4 pav.). Be to, ant kai kurių dirbinių paviršiaus yra matomos išilginės, įstrižos ar skersinės įraižos nuo titnaginių įrankių (9: 5, 13: 1, 4-5 pav.). Skylės dirbiniuose formuotos skirtingais būdais (15-16 pav.). Vos keletas dirbinių buvo papuošti. Dauguma dirbinių yra labai paprasti ir greičiausiai yra pagaminti naudojant akmeninius įrankius. Tokiais pat būdais kauliniai dirbiniai buvo gaminami ir kitose įtvirtintose Lietuvos, taip pat Latvijos bei Estijos gyvenvietėse. Itin didelę dirbinių grupę sudaro kailiams ir odoms apdirbti naudoti dirbiniai - kalteliai, gremžtukai, ylos ir kiti ylos tipo dirbiniai. Gyvulininkystė buvo svarbi įtvirtintose gyvenvietėse gyvenusių bendruomenių ūkio šaka, o vienas iš jos produktų buvo gyvulių odos. Gali būti, kad gyvulių odos, kailiai ir odos gaminiai buvo mainų objektas ir keisti į svarbią žaliavą - bronzą. Dar viena didelė dirbinių grupė yra smeigtukai, naudoti drabužiams susegti. Nors kaulinių smeigtukų yra randama ir neolito gyvenvietėse, tačiau vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus įtvirtintos gyvenvietės išsiskiria itin dideliu jų skaičiumi. Išaugęs smeigtukų naudojimas tikriausiai yra susijęs su aprangos pokyčiais - vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus rūbams susegti reikėjo gerokai daugiau smeigtukų negu akmens amžiuje. Aptariamu laikotarpiu vidurio ir šiaurės Europoje drabužiams susegti buvo naudojami įvairūs bronziniai smeigtukai, tačiau rytinėje Baltijos jūros pakrantėje jie dar buvo gana reti, o vietos gyventojai dažniausiai tebenaudojo įvairius kaulinius smeigtukus. Kaip šie smeigtukai buvo nešiojami ir kas juos naudojo, lieka neaišku, nes šiaurės rytų Lietuvoje aptariamo laikotarpio kapų beveik nėra. Palyginus šiame straipsnyje aptartų gyvenviečių kaulinius dirbinius su kitų rytų Baltijos regiono vėlyvojo bronzos amžiaus gyvenviečių radiniais galima teigti, kad panašiausi yra šiaurės rytų Lietuvos, rytų Latvijos ir šiaurės vakarų Baltarusijos įtvirtintų gyvenviečių dirbiniai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vėlyvasis bronzos amžius, šiaurės rytų Lietuva, įtvirtintos gyvenvietės. The article discusses artefacts made of osseous materials found in the Late Bronze Age fortified settlement sites in north-eastern Lithuania. Earlier, Bronze Age bone items from three Lithuanian sites – Narkūnai, Nevieriškė and Kereliai - have been analysed more thoroughly. Of sites discussed here, Sokiškiai has been archaeologically investigated in the beginning of the 1980-ies. In recent years, research has been carried out on the fortified settlements of Mineikiškės and Garniai I. 14C AMS dates have been used to date new sites as well as to specify the dates of previously studied settlements. During this research, approximately half a hundred bone, antler and tooth objects were examined, and the material used to make them was determined, if possible up to the species and skeletal part. Among the materials used, bone predominated, antler was used less, and teeth were used in only a few cases. An overview is given of the common types of bone objects, the processing techniques used to make them and the uses of the objects. The majority of tools are chisels and scrapers, and awls and points, many of which could have been used as leather working tools. The third major group of finds is bone pins, which testify to the clothing fashion that needed pins for attachment. Comparing the finds of Late Bronze Age fortified settlements in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Byelorussia, greater similarity can be observed in certain types of bone artefacts in south-eastern Latvia, north-western Byelorussia, and north-eastern Lithuania. Key words: Late Bronze Age, north-eastern Lithuania, fortified settlements, bone and antler artefacts, bone and antler working.

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    Archaeologia Lituana
    Article . 2022
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    Archaeologia Lituana
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Archaeologia Lituana
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      Archaeologia Lituana
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    Authors: Joanna Religa-Sobczyk; Krzysztof Wertz; Lembi Lõugas; Michał Wojenka; +2 Authors

    Archaeological research at Ojców castle has yielded important information about life in that medieval castle. The results of zooarchaeological analyses presented in this paper complement the archaeological research, adding to our knowledge of the diet of the castle inhabitants from the time of establishment of the castle until the final residents. Zooarchaeological research is also complemented by data from older settlement phases on the castle hill, directly related to the Lusatian culture in the early Iron Age. The great variability of remains from mammals, birds, and fish and the taphonomic features of bones found in the different chronological strata of the castle’s courtyard reflect the diverse economic activities that took place in particular times and spaces.

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    Heritage
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Heritage
    Article . 2022
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      Heritage
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      Heritage
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    Authors: Viacheslav Morozov; Anatoly Reshetnikov; Elizaveta Gaufman;

    AbstractThe nationwide prominence of Russian oppositional artists has inspired a fair number of studies analyzing the political aspects of their creative output. We argue that the new generation of Russian musicians, whose art became popular in the end of 2010s, brings political engagement to a qualitatively new level. Following Jacques Rancière, we reject the assumption that critical art can bring about political mobilization by exposing social evils. Instead, we juxtapose politics and police, distinguishing between transformative moments of discursive confrontation and the mundane activity centered on distributing places and roles. In this article, we look at three popular Russian musical collectives – IC3PEAK, Shortparis, and Monetochka – whose art disrupts the police order in a novel and subversive manner. Some of their works became even more timely with the outbreak of Russia’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine. We have performed multimodal discourse analysis of their audio and video clips, aimed at identifying the ways in which these artworks create the conditions of possibility for new politics by re-articulating the connection between the political and the universal.

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    Nationalities Papers
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nationalities Papers
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    Authors: Tommaso, Giordani;

    The article offers an overview and a critical assessment of the work of Zeev Sternhell, focussing on the questions of fascism and of the anti-Enlightenment tradition. It claims that the career of the Israeli historian revolves around the intuition of a history of European modernity marked by a central opposition: that between the Enlightenment and the anti-Enlightenment. I show how the idea is already present in his initial works, and argue that it produces a specific kind of intellectual history, concerned with the unity of traditions over large temporal horizons. I claim that it has the advantage of offering an historically grounded reading of fascism which nonetheless is capable to account for its emergence in apparently very dissimilar contexts. After having examined some of the shortcomings of this approach, I offer an historical explanation for the type of intellectual history practiced by Sternhell, arguing that it must be tied to his political activism in Israel.

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    History of European Ideas
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      History of European Ideas
      Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Andreas Hennius; John Ljungkvist; Steven P. Ashby; Richard Hagan; +5 Authors

    The use of marine mammal bone as a raw material in the manufacturing of gaming pieces in the Scandinavian late Iron Age has been observed and discussed in recent years. New empirical studies have created a chronology as well as a typology showing how the design of the gaming pieces is tightly connected to different choices of raw material; from antler in the Roman and Migration periods, to whale bone in the sixth century, and walrus in the tenth century. Macroscopic examination can, however, rarely go beyond determining that the material is ‘cetacean bone’. The following article presents the taxonomic identifications of 68 samples of whale bone gaming pieces, determined using Zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry analysis. The results demonstrate the consistent use of bones from Balaenidae sp. most probably the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). This paper presents strong evidence for active, large-scale hunting of whales in Scandinavia, starting in the sixth century. The manufacture of gaming pieces was probably not the driver for the hunt, but merely a by-product that has survived in the archaeological record. Of greater importance were probably baleen, meat, and blubber that could be rendered into oil. This oil might have been an additional trading product in the far-reaching trade networks that were developing during the period. This study supports previous studies suggesting that Iron Age and medieval trade and resource exploitation had a much more severe influence on ecosystems than previously expected. It adds additional insights into anthropogenic impact on mammal populations in prehistory. Viking phenomenon project

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    Journal of Maritime Archaeology
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      Journal of Maritime Archaeology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Karro, Krista;

    The article will comprise a discussion on the continual aspect of landscape based on a burial place in the eastern part of Estonia. This burial place was used for collective dispersed burials into a stone grave from the 3rd to 11th centuries AD. In the second half of the 11th century the burial tradition changed, and from that time on richly furnished inhumations were practiced in the very place next to the stone grave. Previously, I have interpreted such a change in social and religious landscape as a rupture, but it can also be considered as a continuation. The physical landscape remained the same, while new religious rituals (individual inhumations instead of collective cremations) were starting to be practiced at the same location. I will argue that there were various reasons for using this place in the landscape for such a long period of time. The main reason, however, was economic, for the place was probably used as a harbour site. But as practical everyday life was probably closely connected to religious life during that period, I will argue that there was also a religious importance to the place.

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    Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
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  • Authors: Valdis Bērziņš; Agnese Čakare; Mārcis Kalniņš; Lembi Lõugas; +2 Authors
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    Authors: Giordani, Tommaso; Mead, Henry;

    The article examines T. E. Hulme's reading of Georges Sorel as a politically transversal thinker of moral renewal. It argues that, by distancing Sorel from syndicalism and by reading him as a thinker of moral absolutes, this interpretation constituted an act of resignification. This is shown by contrasting Hulme's reading with the dominant patterns of the British reception of Sorel. What emerges is the striking, and self-aware, originality of Hulme's positions. This originality, we argue, was made possible by the European scope of Hulme's intellectual horizon, which gave him the resources to read Sorel differently. Finally, we ask why Hulme read Sorel in this way. We suggest that Hulme was working through a contradiction between his relativistic philosophical education and an increasing need for political commitment. Sorel's ethics of commitment grounded in myth were a way to move from Bergsonian openness to a metaphysics capable of conceptualizing moral and political absolutes.

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    Authors: Jana Keck; Mila Oiva; Paul Fyfe;
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    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Topuz, Ahmet Ilker; Kiisk, Madis; Giammanco, Andrea; Magi, Mart;

    In muon scattering tomography, the investigated materials are discriminated according to the scattering angle that mainly depends on the atomic number, the density, and the thickness of the medium at a given energy value. The scattering angles at different initial energies also provide the opportunity to classify the incoming muons into a number of energy groups. In this study, by employing the GEANT4 code, we show that the deflection angle exponentially decays as a function of energy, and the numerical values for the current configuration are below the detector accuracy except the initial energy bins owing to the low-Z, low density, and low thickness of the current plastic scintillators. This implies the necessity of additional components that provoke the muon scattering. Therefore, we introduce stainless steel surfaces into the top and bottom sections in order to amplify the deflection angle as well as to reduce the uncertainty, thereby improving the detector performance.

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    arXiv.org e-Print Archive
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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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