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Abstract Martin Bartels, known as a tutor of young Carl Friedrich Gauss in Braunschweig and educator of Nicolai J. Lobachevsky at Kazan University, has remained almost unknown as a researcher. He published his works only after moving from Kazan to Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) in 1821. He did not publish all of his researches, but treated some in his university lectures. These ideas then made their way into the printed prize works or dissertations of his students. The most notable of Bartels's contributions was the introduction ofmoving systems of axesin the theory of spatial curves and the deduction of the corresponding derivation formulas (published in a prize work by Carl Eduard Senff in 1831), equivalent to the later Frenet–Serret formulas. Martin Bartels laid the foundation of the Dorpat (Tartu) center of differential geometry. Later, during the days of Senff and Minding, Karl Peterson wrote his dissertation on this topic. An analysis of the scanty sources enables us to trace Bartels's ideas to their genesis. Martin Bartels, kes on tuntud kui noore C. F. Gaussi opetaja ja N. I. Lobatŝevski oppejoud Kaasani Ulikoolis, on jaanud peaaegu tundmatuks teadlase-uurijana. Oma tood publitseeris ta alles parast uletulekut Kaasanist Tartusse aastal 1821. Moned tema saavutused jaid tema enda poolt avaldamata, kuid leidsid kasitlemist tema ulikooliloengutes ja hiljem peegeldamist trukisonades tema opilaste auhinna- voi dissertatsioonitoodes. Bartelsi panuse tipuks on liikuva teljesusteemi sissetoomine ruumiliste joonte teooriasse ja vastavate derivatsioonivalemite tuletamine (avaldatud C. E. Senffi auhinnatoodes 1831.a.), mis on ekvivalentsed hilisemate Frenet' Serret' valemitega. Martin Bartels oli see, kes pani aluse Tartu diferentsiaalgeomeetria tsentrile, mille juures hiljem, Senffi ja Mindingu aegadel, kirjutas K. Peterson oma kuulsa dissertatsiooni. Nappide allikmaterjalide analuus voimaldab jalgida Bartelsi saavutusi nende geneesis.

Abstract A recent assertion by S. M. Stigler that Thomas Bayes was perhaps anticipated in the discovery of the result that today bears his name is exposed to further scrutiny here. The distinction between Bayes' theorem and the inverse Bernoulli theorem is examined, and pertinent early writings on this matter are discussed. A careful examination of the difference between these two theorems leads to the conclusion that a result given by David Hartley in 1749 is more in line with the inverse Bernoulli theorem than with Bayes' result, and it is suggested that there is not sufficient evidence to remove Bayes from his place as originator of the method adopted.

Abstract During the Nazi period in Germany, an attempt was made to discern a kind of mathematics that was German as distinct from other ethnic or “racial” types of mathematics: a “Deutsche Mathematik.” While not denying the universal validity of all mathematical truths, such a “German” mathematics stressed ideology in terms of research and pedagogical styles. Because mathematics was nearly independent of anything material, it was—for the “Deutsche Mathematiker”—especially amenable to the Nazi argument that different racial psychological types exhibit different racial characters and modes of thought. This paper is a brief examination of the nature and intellectual content of “Deutsche Mathematik.”