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This paper explores how students conceptualise the processes involved in human translation (HT) and machine translation (MT), and how they describe the similarities and differences between them. The paperpresents the results of a survey involving university students (B.A. and M.A.) taking a course on translation who filled out an online questionnaire distributed in Finnish, Dutch and English. Our study finds that students often describe both HT and MT in similar terms, suggesting they do not sufficiently distinguish between them and do not fully understand how MT works. The current study suggests that training in Machine Translation Literacy may need to focus more on the conceptualisations involved and how conceptual and vernacular misconceptions may affect how translators understand human and machine translation.

In recent years, Muslim women have carved out spaces for themselves and become increasingly visible within the British comedy entertainment scene. This can be read in terms of popular cultural spaces becoming more inclusive and open to minority groups. At the same time, as this article will show, comedy representations can often be read in a range of different ways. Taking the stand-up comedy of Shazia Mirza and the BBC sitcom Citizen Khan (2012-2016) as examples, this article examines how comedy representations and self-representations of Muslim women both contest and reproduce stereotypes. This article also reflects on the risks and opportunities that arise from playing with the tensions and contradictions of stereotypes within the power-laden cultural space of comedy. DIVE-IN – An International Journal on Diversity and Inclusion, V. 2 N. 1 (2022): Gender, Religion and Feminism(s): An Interdisciplinary Approach

This paper investigates additive links to discourse alternatives in picture comparison dialogues produced by adult native speakers of English and German. Additive relations are established across turns when participants are confirming the presence of matching objects on both pictures (A: "I have X". B: "I also have X"). Speakers thereby describe their own picture and construe the interlocutor (or rather: the interlocutor’s picture) as a discourse alternative. Whereas the vast majority of the confirming descriptions in German contain an additive particle (auch), less than half of the corresponding confirmations in the English data do ("also", "too", etc.). Numbers differ even more drastically in polarity questions ("Do you (also) have X?") that are equally typical for the dialogue task. Such frequency differences are at odds with recent accounts treating additive particles as being quasi obligatory when their presupposition is satisfied. An in-depth contrastive analysis of lexical, syntactic and information structural properties reveals that the default mapping of information units on syntactic functions (subject) in conjunction with the SVO word order of English leads to a structure in which subject, initial (topic) position and the particle’s associated constituent coincide. This would make the relation to its discourse alternative more prominent than warranted by the dialogue task and speakers of English leave this relation unmarked or resort to alternative constructions instead. The V2 syntax of German, on the other hand, allows for a dissociation of discourse topic and associated constituent. It allows the speaker to topicalize reference to the matching object, to highlight the confirmation of its presence on the speaker’s picture, and to relate the changing information to its discourse alternative in a non-contrastive way. Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).

Foreword in the Japanese e-newsletter on the occasion of the start of the 2022 ADHO conference in Tokyo.

This paper discusses the development of data-driven stories and the editorial processes underlying their production. Such ‘data stories’ have proliferated in journalism but are also increasingly developed within academia. Although ‘data stories’ lack a clear definition, there are similarities between the processes that underlie journalistic and academic data stories. However, there are also differences, specifically when it comes to epistemological claims. In this paper data stories as phenomenon and their use in journalism and in the Humanities form the context for the editorial protocol developed for CLARIAH Media Suite Data Stories.

Considered one of the most significant climate reorganizations of the Cenozoic period, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT; ca. 34.44-33.65) is characterized by global cooling and the first major glacial advance on Antarctica. In the southern high latitudes, the EOT cooling is primarily recorded in the marine realm, and its extent and effect on the terrestrial climate and vegetation are poorly documented. Here, we present new, well-dated, continuous, high-resolution palynological (sporomorph) data and quantitative sporomorph-based climate estimates recovered from the East Tasman Plateau (ODP Site 1172) to reconstruct climate and vegetation dynamics from the late Eocene (37.97gMa) to the early Oligocene (33.06gMa). Our results indicate three major climate transitions and four vegetation communities occupying Tasmania under different precipitation and temperature regimes: (i) a warm-temperate Nothofagus-Podocarpaceae-dominated rainforest with paratropical elements from 37.97 to 37.52gMa; (ii) a cool-temperate Nothofagus-dominated rainforest with secondary Podocarpaceae rapidly expanding and taking over regions previously occupied by the warmer taxa between 37.306 and 35.60gMa; (iii) fluctuation between warm-temperate-paratropical taxa and cool temperate forest from 35.50 to 34.49gMa, followed by a cool phase across the EOT (34.30-33.82gMa); and (iv) a post-EOT (earliest Oligocene) recovery characterized by a warm-temperate forest association from 33.55 to 33.06gMa. Coincident with changes in the stratification of water masses and sequestration of carbon from surface water in the Southern Ocean, our sporomorph-based temperature estimates between 37.52 and 35.60gMa (phase ii) showed 2-3gg C terrestrial cooling. The unusual fluctuation between warm and cold temperate forest between 35.50 to 34.59gMa is suggested to be linked to the initial deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway, allowing eastern Tasmania to come under the influence of warm water associated with the proto-Leeuwin Current (PLC). Further to the above, our terrestrial data show the mean annual temperature declining by about 2gg C across the EOT before recovering in the earliest Oligocene. This phenomenon is synchronous with regional and global cooling during the EOT and linked to declining pCO2. However, the earliest Oligocene climate rebound along eastern Tasmania is linked to a transient recovery of atmospheric pCO2 and sustained deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway, promoting PLC throughflow. The three main climate transitional events across the studied interval (late Eocene-earliest Oligocene) in the Tasmanian Gateway region suggest that changes in ocean circulation due to accelerated deepening of the Tasmanian Gateway may not have been solely responsible for the changes in terrestrial climate and vegetation dynamics; a series of regional and global events, including a change in the stratification of water masses, sequestration of carbon from surface waters, and changes in pCO2, may have also played vital roles.