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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Woldum, Kaylee;

    This thesis explores Indigenization in the context of archaeology and Western education at the Tundra Science and Culture Camp (TSCC), a government-run summer camp in the Northwest Territories, Canada. By collaborating with Indigenous knowledge holders, it begins the process of re-designing the Human History session—a program within the TSCC that focuses on archaeology and the cultural sites around the camp—to incorporate more Indigenous pedagogies and knowledge. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this thesis outlines an attempt to Indigenize the Human History session at the 2022 TSCC, its successes and challenges, and diverse conceptions of what it would mean to Indigenize the camp. This thesis concludes that the camp’s current Western structure and hidden curriculum greatly limit the extent to which programming within it can be effectively Indigenized. It recommends that camp organizers including the Indigenous instructors step back and articulate the aims of Indigenizing the camp in order to chart future directions for achieving those aims.

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    Scholarship@Western
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      Scholarship@Western
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    Authors: Lizama Mué, Yadira;

    The present thesis aims to support child protection mechanisms in the context of armed conflict violence by working in two main directions. The first direction involves widening the opportunities for data collection and analytical approaches to better understand the impact of the Six Grave Violations (6GV) against children during warfare. The second direction engages in broadening the analysis of the 6GV to encompass what the thesis considers “the full cycle of armed conflict violence against children”, including warfare, peace negotiations, and post-conflict reconstruction (PCR). Despite multiple efforts from the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) of the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict (OSRSG-CAAC), researchers, peace and human rights activists, data on 6GV is currently disjointed, dispersed, scarce, or unavailable across the world. This thesis helps to tackle this problem by offering a methodology to support future data-driven child protection initiatives during the war, peace negotiations, and PCR stages, and it applies computational methods to extract valuable information from longitudinal, spatial, categorical, textual, and relational data on how children are affected by the 6GV. The first chapter explores the theoretical aspects of child protection in the full cycle of violence against children, examines current approaches' limitations, and presents a rationale for designing and implementing a methodology to support data-driven child protection initiatives. The second chapter explains the methodological and technological aspects of the model proposed. Chapter Three applies the model to analyze the intersection between grave violations and patterns of child deaths in Syria from 2011 to 2018. A second case study is presented in Chapter Four, which explores data patterns across peace agreements worldwide since 1990 to explain how provisions regarding the 6GV have been included in peace negotiations. Finally, Chapter Five concludes the thesis project by highlighting its main findings and considerations for future endeavours. In summary, the thesis proposes a data-driven approach to understanding the full cycle of armed conflict violence against children, making a significant contribution to data collection and analytical approaches to better protect children from grave violations during the war, peace processes, and PCR.

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    Scholarship@Western
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      Scholarship@Western
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    Authors: Doerksen, Thomas A;

    This dissertation applies the methods of Bachelard and Foucault to key moments in the development of science. By analyzing the attitudes of four figures from four different centuries, it shows how epistemic attitudes have shifted from a participation in non-human, natural realities to a construction of human-centred technologies. The idea of an epistemic attitude is situated in reference to Foucault’s concept of the episteme and his method of archaeology; an attitude is the institutionally-situated and personally-enacted comportment of an epistemic agent toward an object of knowledge. This line of thought is pursued under the theme of elemental fire, which begins as a substance for early alchemical knowledge and ends up as a quantifiable branch of functions in technics. We call the attitude of Paracelsus, an alchemist of the sixteenth century, “participation,” which sheds light on the intimate goal of his alchemical practice. In the seventeenth century, Robert Boyle inaugurates the evolution of technics with the attitude of instrumentalization. Building off this, Lavoisier participates in the development of technics through his effort to construct the countable, using measuring instruments and chemical techniques. This attitude of accounting, and neither his theory of oxygen nor his basic observations in the laboratory, determines his decisive role in the development of chemistry. Finally, we discuss the attitude of employment as we find it in Sadi Carnot and the engineers of the steam engine, watching as fire for these epistemic agents becomes nothing but an employed instant of combustion.

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      Scholarship@Western
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    Authors: Barg, Julian;

    This dissertation centers on the discourse concerning the Keystone XL pipeline project. Keystone XL was a proposed mega pipeline that would have transported oil sands from Alberta in Canada to Texas in the United States. Environmental organizations hailed the project’s defeat as a generational climate victory. My thesis offers insights into the compartmentalized discourse over Keystone XL, which pivots on different issues at the local and national levels. At the national level, I observe the now-commonplace polarized dispute over climate action. At the local level, participants sidestepped the topic of climate change, choosing instead to rally around matters of local relevance, which paved the way for the project’s defeat. In my methods section, I investigate the challenges associated with qualitative and topic modeling research when participants refrain from explicit dialogue about a central topic that remains in the background. Furthermore, I expand on the implications of this research to cover any application of Natural Language Processing in mixed-methods research. I emphasize that text data always carry the author’s perspective, and this situatedness necessitates human judgment, even when computer-assisted methods are employed. Using my mixed-methods approach, I reveal that interactive dynamics contributed to the gap in discourse topics and to the silence on climate change at the local level. Framing is a well-established mechanism; actors engage in anticipatory, defensive framing. That is, they sidestep the topic of climate change to pre-empt pushback. State senators control the discourse over Keystone XL at the local level, and any actor who introduces a non-resonant topic risks swift dismissal. However, the interaction order does not merely permit privileged actors to dismiss others. Through steering, state senators can restrict the topic of conversation and compel other actors to limit their discourse contributions to certain topics. While industry allies made efforts to intervene in favor of Keystone XL, the silence on the topic of climate change and the defeat of Keystone XL based on local concerns were ultimately driven by these interactions at the local level.

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      Scholarship@Western
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    Authors: Sweeney, Alyssa C;

    In addition to my Master of Fine Arts thesis exhibition, this dossier is arranged with an extended artist statement, documentation of a photographic series, a case study on artist Brian Ulrich, and a curriculum vitae. These portions of the thesis exhibit the themes and pursuit that inform my studio practice in photography. The comprehensive artist statement describes the attachments and personal background that informs my overall approach. The second chapter consists of a series of images titled, Confined by Darkness, which is an archive of significant spaces documented at night that evoke nostalgia or are prominent in my everyday life. The case study on Brian Ulrich focuses on his photographic night series, Dead Malls, which looks at the aesthetics of abandoned spaces while also raising questions about the fate of our urban environments.

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    Authors: Guignion, David;

    This dissertation proposes an intersectional approach to conspiracy theory research that engages conspiracy theories and conspiracy theorists by considering their proximity and affiliations with hegemonic power structures. Against challenges to conspiracy theories based on their lack of empirical legitimacy (Rosenblum and Muirhead 2019) and building on arguments that propound their status as “subjugated knowledges” (Bratich 2008), this dissertation argues that conspiracy theories can be vectors of anti-oppressive resistance against systemic forces that disenfranchise racial, gender, and class minorities. Conspiracy theories are not a homogenous phenomenon; they are particular instances of potentially generative suspicion against powerful forces. The dissertation deploys Kelly Oliver’s (2001) concept of “witnessing,” a form of listening that accepts that there are some truths that are not universally knowable to everyone and works to support the experiences of the person testifying, as a method for discerning the specificities of conspiracy theories. It performs a case study of conspiracy theories in the rap music of Immortal Technique, KRS-One, and Lauryn Hill to highlight how conspiracy theories can be heuristic tools to identify and make tangible otherwise systemic, and therefore often opaque, forms of oppression. An intersectional approach to conspiracy theory research is necessary to distinguish conspiracy theories that intensify and contribute to oppressive structures from those that call attention to and challenge those same structures.

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    Authors: Kouznetsova, Maria A.;

    sweeping the forest floor of frequencies is a Master of Fine Art thesis project comprised of the dossier and the exhibition presented at the Artlab Gallery July 27 - August 11, 2023. My writing and multidisciplinary work foreground sonic, visual, and imperceptible signals as search modes for grounding and interconnectedness. The Comprehensive Artist Statement is the first chapter of the dossier and focuses on drawing, listening, and exploring forms of language as three dominant modes of my practice that reflect my fragmented life between three countries. In its form, the writing embraces fragmentation and iterative growth through refragmentation, drawing on my embodied experience and methods of creation in the studio. The second chapter of the dossier is an interview with Anna Friz at Wave Farm in Acra, NY that includes discussions on radio and transmission art, process-based iterative art practice, engagement of discarded materials and technology in installations, and interdisciplinary research. The third chapter includes selections from the documentation of the exhibition at the Artlab.

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    Authors: Bodkin, Michael A;

    My goal in this dissertation is to help demystify or “filter” the “Starbucks Experience” for a post-pandemic world, taking stock of how a multi-national company has long outgrown its humble beginnings as a wholesale coffee bean supplier to become a digitally-integrated and hypermodern café. I look at the role Starbucks plays within the larger cultural history of the coffee house and also consider how Starbucks has been idyllically described in corporate discourse as a comfortable and discursive “third place” for informal gathering, a term that also prescribes its own radical ethos as a globally recognized customer service platform. Attempting to square Starbucks’ iconography and rhetoric with a new critical methodology, in a series of interdisciplinary case studies, I examine the role Starbucks’ “third place” philosophy plays within larger conversations about urban space and commodity culture, analyze Starbucks advertising, architecture and art, and trace the mythical rise of the Starbucks Siren (and the reiterations and re-imaginings of the Starbucks Siren in art and media). While in corporate rhetoric Starbucks’ “third place” is depicted as an enthralling adventure, full of play, discovery, authenticity, or “romance,” I draw on critical theory to discuss how it operates today as a space of distraction, isolation, and loss.

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    Authors: Osei, Michael;

    Prior to colonial rule and the imposition of western medicine and practices, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa relied on traditional medicine to treat tropical diseases that ravaged the populace. Specialists in traditional medicine, both men and women, restored and preserved their patients' health through herbarium and spiritism. Like their male counterparts, female traditional medicine practitioners on the Gold Coast were highly respected by people for their knowledge and competence as their communities' primary healers and caregivers. This study, drawing on various primary and secondary sources, including oral traditions, colonial reports, medical journals, and historical accounts, argues that women played a substantial role in traditional medicine on the Gold Coast. However, the disruption of traditional medicine practises caused by the imposition of colonial rule and Western medicine in the late nineteenth century led to the exploitation, marginalisation, and exclusion of women in some fields of the newly imposed colonial medical system on the Gold Coast. This study explores native women's roles in medicine on the Gold Coast during the pre-colonial period and how Western medicine and practices altered their role and place in the field during colonial times.

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    Authors: Thompson, Luke J., Mr.;

    Abstract Although the literature on sport ethics and religion has expanded in recent years, there is little research on the role and concept of “sports chaplaincy” within Canada (Parry, 2007) (Watson, Parker & White, 2016) (Watson, Parker & Adogame, 2018). The Canadian Football League (CFL) chaplaincy program offers a unique form of ministry that has the potential to influence athlete’s ethical behavior. The chaplain's ‘holistic’ counselling approach is not only concerned with the CFL professional’s on-field job performance but offers emotional and spiritual support for every facet of a CFL professional’s life (Roe, 2016; Cheney, 2019). In the sport ethics literature, there is, and continues to be, a vastness of incidences whereby sporting professionals breach ethical policies. These incidences include, but are not limited to; impaired driving, domestic abuse, hazing, excessive violence, the use of performance enhancing substances etc. (Mihoces, 2014) (Mitchley, 2014) (Schmidt, 2014) (Fogel, 2013). These breaches in ethical policy, and codes of conduct transgressions reflect poorly on the athletes, their professional franchises and society abroad (Dungy, 2009) (Maston, 1967). From a sport chaplaincy perspective, and referencing the current sport ethics literature, my thesis question asked how CFL chaplaincy programs influence the ethical behavior of CFL professionals? Amid analyzing this phenomenon, one aspect of my research investigated the indirect benefits and concerns for athletes who follow the ethical guidelines that the CFL chaplains promote. Professional sports culture is an extremely competitive vocation and one where job security for players and coaches is determined by immediate and sustainable success (Gamble, 2013, pp. 250-251). Within this competitive culture, athletes and coaches often fall into customs wayward from Christian ethics, sport ethics, and common ethics (Fogel, 2013). In addition, recent sport chaplaincy literature has indicated that western society is more ‘humanistic’ than Christian, and our current ‘post traditional religious society’ resembles more of a ‘spiritual marketplace’ than formal religiosity (Uszynski, 2016) (Kumar, 2013) (Nesti, 2010) (Cheney, 2019). One question is: does the shift in spirituality have a positive or negative effect on athlete’s physical health, mental health, and ethical conduct within the realm of professional sports? In addition, how do CFL chaplains promote their worldview amid an increasingly secular and multicultural society? This thesis aims to provide some answers and insights to aspects of these crucial questions. Additionally, there is evidence within the sport-ethics literature suggesting high level athletes are more likely to experience divorce, mental illness, depressive disorders, and spousal abuse than the general population (Stephenson, 2014) Reardon & Factor, 2010) (Mummery, 2005). Some of these psychiatric disorders, and breaches in ethical conduct, have been associated with the ‘win at all costs’ mentality: over-training, unbalanced schedules, substance abuse, eating disorders and times of transition (i.e., post-injury or retirement) (Reardon & Factor, 2010) (Mummery, 2005) (Baum, 2000, 2003) (Watson, 2007). This thesis has investigated the CFL chaplain’s role in providing ethical counsel to CFL professionals amid the threat of these issues. Moreover, this thesis analysis how CFL chaplains provide ethical counsel within the distinctive culture of the Canadian Football League.

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    Authors: Woldum, Kaylee;

    This thesis explores Indigenization in the context of archaeology and Western education at the Tundra Science and Culture Camp (TSCC), a government-run summer camp in the Northwest Territories, Canada. By collaborating with Indigenous knowledge holders, it begins the process of re-designing the Human History session—a program within the TSCC that focuses on archaeology and the cultural sites around the camp—to incorporate more Indigenous pedagogies and knowledge. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this thesis outlines an attempt to Indigenize the Human History session at the 2022 TSCC, its successes and challenges, and diverse conceptions of what it would mean to Indigenize the camp. This thesis concludes that the camp’s current Western structure and hidden curriculum greatly limit the extent to which programming within it can be effectively Indigenized. It recommends that camp organizers including the Indigenous instructors step back and articulate the aims of Indigenizing the camp in order to chart future directions for achieving those aims.

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    Authors: Lizama Mué, Yadira;

    The present thesis aims to support child protection mechanisms in the context of armed conflict violence by working in two main directions. The first direction involves widening the opportunities for data collection and analytical approaches to better understand the impact of the Six Grave Violations (6GV) against children during warfare. The second direction engages in broadening the analysis of the 6GV to encompass what the thesis considers “the full cycle of armed conflict violence against children”, including warfare, peace negotiations, and post-conflict reconstruction (PCR). Despite multiple efforts from the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) of the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict (OSRSG-CAAC), researchers, peace and human rights activists, data on 6GV is currently disjointed, dispersed, scarce, or unavailable across the world. This thesis helps to tackle this problem by offering a methodology to support future data-driven child protection initiatives during the war, peace negotiations, and PCR stages, and it applies computational methods to extract valuable information from longitudinal, spatial, categorical, textual, and relational data on how children are affected by the 6GV. The first chapter explores the theoretical aspects of child protection in the full cycle of violence against children, examines current approaches' limitations, and presents a rationale for designing and implementing a methodology to support data-driven child protection initiatives. The second chapter explains the methodological and technological aspects of the model proposed. Chapter Three applies the model to analyze the intersection between grave violations and patterns of child deaths in Syria from 2011 to 2018. A second case study is presented in Chapter Four, which explores data patterns across peace agreements worldwide since 1990 to explain how provisions regarding the 6GV have been included in peace negotiations. Finally, Chapter Five concludes the thesis project by highlighting its main findings and considerations for future endeavours. In summary, the thesis proposes a data-driven approach to understanding the full cycle of armed conflict violence against children, making a significant contribution to data collection and analytical approaches to better protect children from grave violations during the war, peace processes, and PCR.

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    Authors: Doerksen, Thomas A;

    This dissertation applies the methods of Bachelard and Foucault to key moments in the development of science. By analyzing the attitudes of four figures from four different centuries, it shows how epistemic attitudes have shifted from a participation in non-human, natural realities to a construction of human-centred technologies. The idea of an epistemic attitude is situated in reference to Foucault’s concept of the episteme and his method of archaeology; an attitude is the institutionally-situated and personally-enacted comportment of an epistemic agent toward an object of knowledge. This line of thought is pursued under the theme of elemental fire, which begins as a substance for early alchemical knowledge and ends up as a quantifiable branch of functions in technics. We call the attitude of Paracelsus, an alchemist of the sixteenth century, “participation,” which sheds light on the intimate goal of his alchemical practice. In the seventeenth century, Robert Boyle inaugurates the evolution of technics with the attitude of instrumentalization. Building off this, Lavoisier participates in the development of technics through his effort to construct the countable, using measuring instruments and chemical techniques. This attitude of accounting, and neither his theory of oxygen nor his basic observations in the laboratory, determines his decisive role in the development of chemistry. Finally, we discuss the attitude of employment as we find it in Sadi Carnot and the engineers of the steam engine, watching as fire for these epistemic agents becomes nothing but an employed instant of combustion.

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    Authors: Barg, Julian;

    This dissertation centers on the discourse concerning the Keystone XL pipeline project. Keystone XL was a proposed mega pipeline that would have transported oil sands from Alberta in Canada to Texas in the United States. Environmental organizations hailed the project’s defeat as a generational climate victory. My thesis offers insights into the compartmentalized discourse over Keystone XL, which pivots on different issues at the local and national levels. At the national level, I observe the now-commonplace polarized dispute over climate action. At the local level, participants sidestepped the topic of climate change, choosing instead to rally around matters of local relevance, which paved the way for the project’s defeat. In my methods section, I investigate the challenges associated with qualitative and topic modeling research when participants refrain from explicit dialogue about a central topic that remains in the background. Furthermore, I expand on the implications of this research to cover any application of Natural Language Processing in mixed-methods research. I emphasize that text data always carry the author’s perspective, and this situatedness necessitates human judgment, even when computer-assisted methods are employed. Using my mixed-methods approach, I reveal that interactive dynamics contributed to the gap in discourse topics and to the silence on climate change at the local level. Framing is a well-established mechanism; actors engage in anticipatory, defensive framing. That is, they sidestep the topic of climate change to pre-empt pushback. State senators control the discourse over Keystone XL at the local level, and any actor who introduces a non-resonant topic risks swift dismissal. However, the interaction order does not merely permit privileged actors to dismiss others. Through steering, state senators can restrict the topic of conversation and compel other actors to limit their discourse contributions to certain topics. While industry allies made efforts to intervene in favor of Keystone XL, the silence on the topic of climate change and the defeat of Keystone XL based on local concerns were ultimately driven by these interactions at the local level.

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    Authors: Sweeney, Alyssa C;

    In addition to my Master of Fine Arts thesis exhibition, this dossier is arranged with an extended artist statement, documentation of a photographic series, a case study on artist Brian Ulrich, and a curriculum vitae. These portions of the thesis exhibit the themes and pursuit that inform my studio practice in photography. The comprehensive artist statement describes the attachments and personal background that informs my overall approach. The second chapter consists of a series of images titled, Confined by Darkness, which is an archive of significant spaces documented at night that evoke nostalgia or are prominent in my everyday life. The case study on Brian Ulrich focuses on his photographic night series, Dead Malls, which looks at the aesthetics of abandoned spaces while also raising questions about the fate of our urban environments.

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    Authors: Guignion, David;

    This dissertation proposes an intersectional approach to conspiracy theory research that engages conspiracy theories and conspiracy theorists by considering their proximity and affiliations with hegemonic power structures. Against challenges to conspiracy theories based on their lack of empirical legitimacy (Rosenblum and Muirhead 2019) and building on arguments that propound their status as “subjugated knowledges” (Bratich 2008), this dissertation argues that conspiracy theories can be vectors of anti-oppressive resistance against systemic forces that disenfranchise racial, gender, and class minorities. Conspiracy theories are not a homogenous phenomenon; they are particular instances of potentially generative suspicion against powerful forces. The dissertation deploys Kelly Oliver’s (2001) concept of “witnessing,” a form of listening that accepts that there are some truths that are not universally knowable to everyone and works to support the experiences of the person testifying, as a method for discerning the specificities of conspiracy theories. It performs a case study of conspiracy theories in the rap music of Immortal Technique, KRS-One, and Lauryn Hill to highlight how conspiracy theories can be heuristic tools to identify and make tangible otherwise systemic, and therefore often opaque, forms of oppression. An intersectional approach to conspiracy theory research is necessary to distinguish conspiracy theories that intensify and contribute to oppressive structures from those that call attention to and challenge those same structures.

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    Authors: Kouznetsova, Maria A.;

    sweeping the forest floor of frequencies is a Master of Fine Art thesis project comprised of the dossier and the exhibition presented at the Artlab Gallery July 27 - August 11, 2023. My writing and multidisciplinary work foreground sonic, visual, and imperceptible signals as search modes for grounding and interconnectedness. The Comprehensive Artist Statement is the first chapter of the dossier and focuses on drawing, listening, and exploring forms of language as three dominant modes of my practice that reflect my fragmented life between three countries. In its form, the writing embraces fragmentation and iterative growth through refragmentation, drawing on my embodied experience and methods of creation in the studio. The second chapter of the dossier is an interview with Anna Friz at Wave Farm in Acra, NY that includes discussions on radio and transmission art, process-based iterative art practice, engagement of discarded materials and technology in installations, and interdisciplinary research. The third chapter includes selections from the documentation of the exhibition at the Artlab.

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    Authors: Bodkin, Michael A;

    My goal in this dissertation is to help demystify or “filter” the “Starbucks Experience” for a post-pandemic world, taking stock of how a multi-national company has long outgrown its humble beginnings as a wholesale coffee bean supplier to become a digitally-integrated and hypermodern café. I look at the role Starbucks plays within the larger cultural history of the coffee house and also consider how Starbucks has been idyllically described in corporate discourse as a comfortable and discursive “third place” for informal gathering, a term that also prescribes its own radical ethos as a globally recognized customer service platform. Attempting to square Starbucks’ iconography and rhetoric with a new critical methodology, in a series of interdisciplinary case studies, I examine the role Starbucks’ “third place” philosophy plays within larger conversations about urban space and commodity culture, analyze Starbucks advertising, architecture and art, and trace the mythical rise of the Starbucks Siren (and the reiterations and re-imaginings of the Starbucks Siren in art and media). While in corporate rhetoric Starbucks’ “third place” is depicted as an enthralling adventure, full of play, discovery, authenticity, or “romance,” I draw on critical theory to discuss how it operates today as a space of distraction, isolation, and loss.

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    Authors: Osei, Michael;

    Prior to colonial rule and the imposition of western medicine and practices, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa relied on traditional medicine to treat tropical diseases that ravaged the populace. Specialists in traditional medicine, both men and women, restored and preserved their patients' health through herbarium and spiritism. Like their male counterparts, female traditional medicine practitioners on the Gold Coast were highly respected by people for their knowledge and competence as their communities' primary healers and caregivers. This study, drawing on various primary and secondary sources, including oral traditions, colonial reports, medical journals, and historical accounts, argues that women played a substantial role in traditional medicine on the Gold Coast. However, the disruption of traditional medicine practises caused by the imposition of colonial rule and Western medicine in the late nineteenth century led to the exploitation, marginalisation, and exclusion of women in some fields of the newly imposed colonial medical system on the Gold Coast. This study explores native women's roles in medicine on the Gold Coast during the pre-colonial period and how Western medicine and practices altered their role and place in the field during colonial times.

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    Authors: Thompson, Luke J., Mr.;

    Abstract Although the literature on sport ethics and religion has expanded in recent years, there is little research on the role and concept of “sports chaplaincy” within Canada (Parry, 2007) (Watson, Parker & White, 2016) (Watson, Parker & Adogame, 2018). The Canadian Football League (CFL) chaplaincy program offers a unique form of ministry that has the potential to influence athlete’s ethical behavior. The chaplain's ‘holistic’ counselling approach is not only concerned with the CFL professional’s on-field job performance but offers emotional and spiritual support for every facet of a CFL professional’s life (Roe, 2016; Cheney, 2019). In the sport ethics literature, there is, and continues to be, a vastness of incidences whereby sporting professionals breach ethical policies. These incidences include, but are not limited to; impaired driving, domestic abuse, hazing, excessive violence, the use of performance enhancing substances etc. (Mihoces, 2014) (Mitchley, 2014) (Schmidt, 2014) (Fogel, 2013). These breaches in ethical policy, and codes of conduct transgressions reflect poorly on the athletes, their professional franchises and society abroad (Dungy, 2009) (Maston, 1967). From a sport chaplaincy perspective, and referencing the current sport ethics literature, my thesis question asked how CFL chaplaincy programs influence the ethical behavior of CFL professionals? Amid analyzing this phenomenon, one aspect of my research investigated the indirect benefits and concerns for athletes who follow the ethical guidelines that the CFL chaplains promote. Professional sports culture is an extremely competitive vocation and one where job security for players and coaches is determined by immediate and sustainable success (Gamble, 2013, pp. 250-251). Within this competitive culture, athletes and coaches often fall into customs wayward from Christian ethics, sport ethics, and common ethics (Fogel, 2013). In addition, recent sport chaplaincy literature has indicated that western society is more ‘humanistic’ than Christian, and our current ‘post traditional religious society’ resembles more of a ‘spiritual marketplace’ than formal religiosity (Uszynski, 2016) (Kumar, 2013) (Nesti, 2010) (Cheney, 2019). One question is: does the shift in spirituality have a positive or negative effect on athlete’s physical health, mental health, and ethical conduct within the realm of professional sports? In addition, how do CFL chaplains promote their worldview amid an increasingly secular and multicultural society? This thesis aims to provide some answers and insights to aspects of these crucial questions. Additionally, there is evidence within the sport-ethics literature suggesting high level athletes are more likely to experience divorce, mental illness, depressive disorders, and spousal abuse than the general population (Stephenson, 2014) Reardon & Factor, 2010) (Mummery, 2005). Some of these psychiatric disorders, and breaches in ethical conduct, have been associated with the ‘win at all costs’ mentality: over-training, unbalanced schedules, substance abuse, eating disorders and times of transition (i.e., post-injury or retirement) (Reardon & Factor, 2010) (Mummery, 2005) (Baum, 2000, 2003) (Watson, 2007). This thesis has investigated the CFL chaplain’s role in providing ethical counsel to CFL professionals amid the threat of these issues. Moreover, this thesis analysis how CFL chaplains provide ethical counsel within the distinctive culture of the Canadian Football League.

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