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The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has been extensively studied by different researchers from all over the world in recent years. Multiple solutions have been proposed for different variations of the problem, such as Capacitive Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRP-TW), Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery (VRPPD), among others, all of them with deterministic times. In the last years, researchers have been interested in including in their different models the variations that travel times may experience when exposed to all kind of phenomena, mainly vehicle traffic. This article addresses the VRP from this perspective, proposing the design and implementation of a genetic algorithm based on neutrosophic theory for calculating the fitness function of each route, considering the variability and uncertainty present in travel times. A deterministic genetic algorithm is also implemented with the average travel times to compare it with the neutrosophic algorithm using simulation. As conclusion, a deterministic algorithm does not necessarily generate the best solution in the real world, full of uncertainty. Also, the quantification of uncertainty using neutrosophic theory can be used in route planning, opening a broad and interesting field of research for future investigations.

Moreno-González, Jairo A., Gutierrez-Estrada, Miguel, Prendini, Lorenzo (2023): Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of a New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia. American Museum Novitates 2023 (4000): 1-36, DOI: 10.1206/4000.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2023/issue-4000/4000.1/Systematic-Revision-of-the-Whip-Spider-Family-Paracharontidae-Arachnida/10.1206/4000.1.full

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the components recognized for its potential to transform the way we live today radically. It makes it possible for machines to learn from experience, adjust to new contributions and perform tasks like human beings. The business field is the focus of this research. This paper proposes implementing an incident classification model using Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The application is for the technical support area in a software development company that currently resolves customer requests manually. Through ML and NLP techniques applied to company data, it is possible to know the category of a request given by the client. It increases customer satisfaction by reviewing historical records to analyze their behavior and correctly provide the expected solution to the incidents presented. Also, this practice would reduce the cost and time spent on relationship management with the potential consumer. This work evaluates different Machine Learning models, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extra Trees, and Random Forest. The SVM algorithm demonstrates the highest accuracy of 98.97% with class balance, hyper-parameter optimization, and pre-processing techniques. PeerJ Computer Science

The organosulfur compound 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) finds widespread applications in batteries, lubricant fluids, heavy metal ion sensors, waste-water purification and as a biocide. In this article, we demonstrate the untapped versatility inherent to using biphasic systems for electrosynthesis by showcasing several successful approaches to the electrosynthesis of poly(DMcT) films at a polarised interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycling using either I2, Hg2+ or O2 as the oxidising agents. AC voltammetry is demonstrated as an effective in situ method to monitor poly(DMcT) film formation by I2 or Hg2+ as a function of the aqueous electrolyte anion and pH. DMcT is further shown to act as a binder molecule to promote interfacial gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assembly into floating films at an immiscible liquid|liquid (L|L) interface. Exploiting the electrocatalysis of DMcT oxidation by O2 in the presence of adsorbed interfacial AuNPs yields AuNP/poly(DMcT) composite films. Raman spectroscopy suggests the latter were a coordination polymer of poly(DMcT) with AuNPs and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active. The dielectric nature of the poly(DMcT) films suppresses the capacitance at the ITIES, yet the AuNP/poly(DMcT) films show a very high interfacial capacitance, with an ability to efficiently adsorb cations. Thus, these films open opportunities to selectively modulate the interfacial capacitance, potentially forming the basis of novel “soft” capacitors at a polarised L|L interface. M.D.S. acknowledges Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), under Grant No. 13/SIRG/2137 and the European Research Council Through a Starting Grant (Agreement No. 716792). A.G.-Q. acknowledges funding received from an Irish Research Council (IRC) Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship Awards (Grant No. GOIPD/2018/252). M.F.S.-H. acknowledges the “Universidad Nacional de Colombia” for allowing his sabbatical leave and the “Fundación Banco de la República” through the grant 4.562.

The Ricinulei Thorell, 1876, or “hooded tick-spiders,” are among the least studied arachnid orders. Knowledge of ricinuleid diversity has been slow to accumulate because these arachnids are underrepresented in biological collections. Despite an increase in the pace of new species descriptions in recent decades, the species richness of the order probably remains vastly underestimated. Large areas in some of the world's most biodiverse countries are without a single record for the order, hence new records invariably turn out to be new species. The present contribution describes four new species of the mostly South American genus Cryptocellus Westwood, 1874: Cryptocellus canutama, sp. nov., and Cryptocellus jamari, sp. nov., from Brazil; Cryptocellus islacolon, sp. nov., from Panama; and Cryptocellus macagual, sp. nov., from Colombia. Additionally, a new diagnosis and description are provided for Cryptocellus leleupi Cooreman, 1976, long considered a nomen dubium. The known locality records of the five species and their putative relatives are mapped. The present contribution raises the number of Cryptocellus species to 45 and the number of extant species of Ricinulei to 101.

El Programa artístico de restauración Social-(PARES) se concibió como una estrategiaeducativa apoyada por el Ministerio de Cultura Colombiano y realizada en el municipio de Piedecuestaen Santander, Colombia. En esta investigación educativa basada en las artes, nos centramos en el casoconcreto del arte terapia como medio de transformación social, desarrollando una metodología mixta.En ella se llevaron a cabo un total de doce talleres sobre cámara estenopeica, ideación y diseño deproducto, a tres grupos, uno de 14 niñas y dos de 15 niños entre los 14 y 18 años, que se encontrabanprivados de libertad o en internamiento preventivo en la Fundación Claret en el momento en el quese realizó este proyecto. El programa quiere constatar que el fomento de estas actividades creativasdesarrolladas en los talleres con estos adolescentes, mejora el desarrollo de sus emociones y habilidades,lo que supone más oportunidades de inclusión social. The Artistic Program of Social Restoration-(PARES) was conceived as an educationalstrategy supported by the Colombian Ministry of Culture and carried out in the municipality ofPiedecuesta in Santander, Colombia. In this arts-based educational research, we focused on the specificcase of art therapy as a means of social transformation, developing a mixed methodology. In it, a totalof twelve workshops on pinhole camera, ideation and product design were carried out to three groups,one of 14 girls and two of 15 boys between 14 and 18 years old, who were deprived of liberty or inpreventive internment in the Claret Foundation at the time this project was carried out. The programwants to confirm that the promotion of these creative activities developed in the workshops with theseadolescents, improves the development of their emotions and skills, which means more opportunitiesfor social inclusion.

The PSEN1-E280A or Paisa mutation is responsible for most of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s (EOA) disease cases in Colombia. It affects a large kindred of over 5000 members that present the same phenotype. The most common symptoms are related to language disorders, where speech fluency is also affected due to the difficulty to access semantic information intentionally. This study proposes the use of acoustic and linguistic methods to extract features from speech recordings and their transcriptions to discriminate people with conditions related to the Paisa mutation. We consider state-of-the-art word-embedding methods like Word2Vec and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer to process the transcripts. The speech signals are modeled by using traditional acoustic features and speaker embeddings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focused on evaluating genetic Alzheimer’s and EOA using acoustics and linguistics.

Catasticta lycurgus is a striking endemic butterfly, restricted to high elevation habitats in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, an isolated mountain range separate from the Andes in the north of Colombia. The type, which for almost a hundred years was the only known specimen, was collected in 1878 by Frederick Simons in the vicinity of Atánquez and was sent to the UK to be described by renowned naturalists Godman and Salvin in 1880. In 1972, explorers Adams and Bernard collected a second specimen of C. lycurgus in the locality of San Pedro at 2,900m of elevation in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. These two specimens were the only known ones for many decades until recently, when Colombian entomologists found the species again in San Pedro de la Sierra and later, when a female was discovered in 2013. Here, we report the rediscovery of this rare and charismatic species, with new specimens collected near the type locality, which have not been reported previously. The female of C. lycurgus is described and illustrated for the first time as well the male genitalia of this species. We combine all information available to provide some insights on the systematic relationships of this species within the genus Catasticta Butler, discuss its distribution and provide a preliminary conservation assessment. Despite the newly collected specimens, the species remains very rare in the field and in collections.