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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anita Di Chiara; Lisa Tauxe; Helen Gries; Barbara Helwing; +2 Authors

    Data from the marriage of paleomagnetism and archaeology (archaeomagnetism) are the backbone of attempts to create geomagnetic field models for ancient times. Paleointensity experimental design has been the focus of intensive efforts and the requirements and shortcomings are increasingly well understood. Some archaeological materials have excellent age control from inscriptions, which can be tied to a given decade or even a specific year in some cases. In this study, we analyzed fired mud bricks used for the construction of the Ishtar Gate, the entrance complex to the ancient city of Babylon in Southern Mesopotamia. We were able to extract reliable intensity data from all three phases of the gate, the earliest of which includes bricks inscribed with the name of King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 to 562 BCE). These results (1) add high quality intensity data to a region relatively unexplored so far (Southern Mesopotamia), (2) contribute to a better understanding of paleosecular variation in this region, and the development of an archaeomagnetic dating reference for one of the key regions in the history of human civilizations; (3) demonstrate the potential of inscribed bricks (glazed and unglazed), a common material in ancient Mesopotamia, to archaeomagnetic studies; and (4) suggest that the gate complex was constructed some time after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, and that there were no substantial chronological gaps in the construction of each consecutive phase. The best fit of our data (averaging 136±2.1 ZAm2) with those of the reference curve (the Levantine Archaeomagnetic Curve) is 569 BCE.

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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2024
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ PLoS ONEarrow_drop_down
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      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2024
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      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: David S. Whitley;

    Landscapes are socially produced and reproduced spaces. This is easily recognizable for large-scale urban groups with built environments that dominate living places. But it also pertains to all types of societies and cultures, even small-scale hunter–gatherers, once the ontological beliefs structuring landscape perception and use are acknowledged. The foragers of south–central and southern California and the Great Basin illustrate this fact. They maintained a widely shared ontological perspective supported by a fundamental cognitive postulate. This is that supernatural power, the principle causative agent in the universe, was differentially distributed among individuals and places. The distribution of power, revealed by certain geomorphological features and natural events, structured their perceptions of landscape. These perceptions were expressed in ritual and symbolism, including petroglyphs and pictographs as durable manifestations of ceremonies on the landscape. The ontological relationship between power and landscape explains a longstanding question in hunter–gatherer archaeology: Why were rock writing sites created at specific locations? It also explains another equally significant but rarely considered and related problem: Why do some localities have massive quantities of rock writings that dwarf most other sites? The landscape symbolism of and the placement of sites by Native Californian and Great Basin tribes is explained by reference to their shared ontological beliefs, illustrating how they structured their ritual practices and archaeological record.

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    Religions
    Article . 2024
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    Religions
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Religionsarrow_drop_down
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      Religions
      Article . 2024
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      Religions
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Cottegnies, Line;

    La réception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre témoigne d’une rencontre manquée. Traduit de manière anonyme dès 1679, le roman ne rencontre pas le succès attendu. Certes, cette traduction est rééditée en 1688, mais la réception du roman est contrariée par le grand succès de l’adaptation théâtrale très libre qu’en donne le dramaturge Nathaniel Lee en 1680 au Queen’s Theatre, et dont le texte est publié en 1689. Adaptée spécifiquement au goût de la Restauration, la pièce ne reprend que quelques scènes-clés du roman, et, si le Prince et la Princesse de Clèves sont à peu près conformes à leurs modèles, le Duc de Nemours est représenté sous les traits d’un libertin, à l’image des roués (« rakes »), qui peuplaient les comédies londoniennes depuis les années 1660. Le roman passe ici clairement au second plan. Cette adaptation théâtrale semble avoir brouillé la perception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre, en constituant un filtre à son appréciation. Ce n’est qu’au XVIIIe siècle, presque un demi-siècle plus tard, à l’heure de la sensibilité triomphante, que la fiction de Mme de Lafayette connaît un regain d’intêrêt en Angleterre. La Princesse de Clèves, retraduite en 1720, est alors intégrée dans plusieurs recueils de romans continentaux publiés au cours du siècle. Cet article revient sur les raisons de ce décalage dans la réception de La Princesse de Clèves, en étudiant ce moment de l’histoire littéraire anglaise, vers 1680, où les romans français sont traduits par brassées. Faut-il expliquer l’accueil relativement réservé rencontré par La Princesse de Clèves au XVIIe siècle comme procédant de la différence entre un goût anglais et un goût français ? On montrera que si le roman a très certainement pâti du brouillage créé par l’adaptation théâtrale de la pièce de 1680 ou 1681, il représentait aussi une forme de roman difficilement transposable en Angleterre en 1679. The reception of La Princesse of Clèves in England bears witness to a failed encounter. Anonymously translated in 1679, the novel did not meet with the expected success. Although the translation was republished in 1688, the novel's reception was thwarted by the great success of the very free theatrical adaptation given by the playwright Nathaniel Lee in 1680 at Queen's Theatre, the text of which was published in 1689. Adapted specifically to the tastes of the Restoration, the play takes up only a few key scenes from the novel, and while the Prince and Princess of Cleves are more or less true to their models, the Duke of Nemours is portrayed as a libertine, in line with the “rakes” who had populated London comedies since the 1660s. This theatrical adaptation seems to have blurred the perception of the French novel in England, acting as a filter for its appreciation. It was not until the eighteenth century, almost half a century later, at a time when novels of sensibility became fashionable, that Mme de Lafayette's fiction enjoyed renewed interest in England. The Princess of Cleves, retranslated in 1720, was then included in several collections of continental novels published over the course of the century. This article looks at the reasons for this gap in the reception of La Princesse de Clèves, by studying the moment in English literary history, around 1680, when French novels were translated by the dozens. Should we explain the relatively lukewarm reception of La Princesse of Clèves in the seventeenth century as a result of the difference between English and French tastes? This article shows that while the novel certainly suffered from the confusion created by the theatrical adaptation of the play in 1680 or 1681, it also represented a form of novel that was difficult to transpose to England in 1679.

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    OpenEdition
    Article . 2024
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    Etudes Epistémè
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      OpenEdition
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: OpenEdition
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      Etudes Epistémè
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Fernández Vicente, María José;

    Este trabajo busca analizar las emociones que acompañaron los procesos identitarios de los españoles instalados en Francia. Se tratará así de entender en qué medida y de qué manera los afectos y sensibilidades de estos emigrantes influyeron, no solamente en la manera en la que estos construyeron su identidad de español expatriado sino en cómo estos (re)pensaron sus estrategias migratorias durante su estancia en el país vecino.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INVESTIGACIONES HIST...arrow_drop_down
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    INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICAS ÉPOCA MODERNA Y CONTEMPORÁNEA
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Xinrui Zeng;

    A sacred site that draws pilgrims from distant regions is a distinctive resource for studying religion. Research into a site’s relevance to pilgrims and how it came to be founded contributes to a better understanding of religious activity. To address these issues, a thorough historical analysis of a sacred site’s records is essential. Such an analysis endeavors to distinguish the historical facts of a sacred site from its narratives and further discusses the significance of each. With such intent, this study focuses on the Rujing Stupa, a sacred site of significant importance to transnational pilgrimages that has yet to receive sufficient scholarly attention. The stupa, which is located at the Jingci Monastery in Hangzhou, China, is believed to hold the relics of Tiantong Rujing 天童如浄 (1163–1228), a Song Dynasty monk. Although the modern stele inscription at this location indicates that the stupa was founded in the 13th century, shortly after the monk’s death, this paper examines the historical reinventions within the inscription and traces the influence of Japanese narratives on such a reinvention. This study demonstrates that the Rujing Stupa was established by, and for, the Japanese Sōtō Buddhists. The Chinese monk’s connection to the Sōtō pilgrims lies in Rujing’s role as the master who instructed Dōgen 道元 (1200–1253), the founder of the Sōtō tradition, making his stupa a sacred site for the Sōtō community. Concerns of commemoration and reifying doctrinal authenticity motivated two generations of Japanese pilgrims to construct the Rujing stupa in the late 19th and 20th centuries, respectively. On the other hand, Rujing’s significance and the presence of the Sōtō tradition were scarcely acknowledged in China until the early modern period. Only in the late 20th century did Chinese Buddhists begin to appreciate this stupa. Examining the site’s historical reinventions and identifying the factors that shape its narrative, this case study offers insights into the investigation of sacred sites and suggests a concern for narrative in the examination of a site’s history and significance.

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    Religions
    Article . 2023
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    Religions
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Religions
      Article . 2023
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      Religions
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Eliška Zazvonilová; Hana Brzobohatá; Jan Frolík; Petr Velemínský; +1 Authors

    While season-of-death estimation using cementochronology is routine in archaeozoology, its use is much less frequent in bioarchaeology. Based on the character of the outermost increment (bright or dark), two seasons (spring/summer, autumn/winter) can be distinguished. Although many studies mention its potential and possible use in forensic anthropology or bioarchaeology, few exist with estimation results. This study aimed to apply cementochronology–a histological method based on counting and assessing regular circa-annual acellular cementum increments–to 42 individuals from medieval mass graves from Kutná Hora-Sedlec (Czechia, 14th century) to estimate the season-of-death. The mass graves belong to two stratigraphically distinct groups; written and archaeological sources relate them to two catastrophic events (the famine of 1318 and the plague epidemic of 1348–1350). Using cementochronology, we distinguished two distinct seasons corresponding to the two groups of graves, with individuals from the first group dying predominantly in spring/summer, while those from the second group died in autumn/winter. Taking into account the typical seasonal dynamics of epidemics, the results would be more in line with written sources. However, during the evaluation, we faced difficulties identifying the outermost increment and detecting the dark (thinner) increment; we recommend including only young and middle-aged adults in future studies, due to the difficulty of evaluation, and to consider the readability of the tissue (often affected by diagenesis). In conclusion, cementochronology has potential in the context of estimating the season-of-death, but the technical possibilities for enhancing the outermost increment need to be addressed, and the amount of data analysed expanded.

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    Authors: Sol��rzano-Kraemer, M��nica M.; Bourdeau, Cl��ment; Rosse-Guillevic, Simon; Hammel, J��rg U.; +2 Authors

    Phorid flies are an abundant and diverse dipteran family in modern faunas, yet poorly represented in the fossil record. Here, we describe the first fossil species of the millipede parasitizing genus Myriophora, M. asiatica n. sp., and three new fossil species of the ant parasitizing genus Apocephalus, A. miocenus n. sp., A. dominicanus n. sp., and A. chiapanecus n. sp. discovered in Miocene amber deposits from China, Dominican Republic, and Mexico, respectively. Moreover, we add details on the species Apocephalus succineus Brown, previously described in Dominican amber, with the observation of a new specimen. We also include a dichotomous key for all Apocephalus species described in the fossil record. Palaeoworld x, S1871174X21000913 (1-17) (2021). doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.11.002 Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

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    Palaeoworld
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    Authors: Huleux, François;

    La diversité biologique connaît un schéma d'érosion face auquel la communauté internationale tente de lutter. Depuis quelques années, les communautés locales et autochtones sont reconnues comme un modèle de conservation et d'utilisation durable de cette diversité. Elles recréent, expriment et transmettent des connaissances et pratiques de gestion des ressources naturelles depuis des temps immémoriaux pour certaines. En 2003, la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « Convention PCI ») est adoptée afin de préserver ce patrimoine qui est lui aussi sur le point de disparaître en raison de l'acculturation, la mondialisation, la déforestation, etc. Malgré la relation d’interdépendance qui caractérise certains éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « PCI ») avec les éléments matériels naturels auxquels ils sont associés, la Convention ne guide pas ses Parties vers la reconnaissance et préservation de cette relation. Plus précisément, elle ne guide pas ses Parties vers la conservation et l’utilisation durable de l’ensemble des éléments de la biodiversité nécessaires à la sauvegarde du PCI (réseau de vie). C’est pourquoi, certains pourraient s’interroger sur la capacité de la Convention PCI à sauvegarder le PCI associé à la biodiversité ? A l’heure de l’extinction des espèces et de la raréfaction des connaissances et pratiques « traditionnelles », il apparaît primordial de faire évoluer la mise en œuvre de la Convention par une révision de ses Directives opérationnelles chargées de préciser les engagements des Parties et régulièrement amendées par le Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du PCI et l’Assemblé générale des États parties à la Convention vers une sauvegarde mieux adaptée au PCI associé à la biodiversité. L’approche par écosystème développée sous l’empire de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (ci-après « CDB ») dont les objectifs sont la conservation, l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles sert de base à cette proposition de révision des directives de la Convention PCI. L’approche permet de gérer des écosystèmes considérés comme des réseaux de vie dont les Hommes et la diversité culturelle sont un élément à part entière. The international community is trying to fight the current pattern of biodiversity erosion. In recent years, local and indigenous communities have been recognized as models in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of them have been recreating, expressing and transmitting knowledge and natural resources management practices for centuries. In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter “ICH Convention”) was adopted in order to preserve this heritage, which is also on the verge of disappearing due to acculturation, globalization, deforestation, etc. Despite the interdependent relationship which characterizes certain elements of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter “ICH”) with the natural material elements associated to it, the Convention does not guide its Parties towards the recognition and preservation of this unique relationship. More specifically, it does not guide them towards the conservation and sustainable use of the elements of biodiversity that are necessary to the safeguarding of ICH (considered as a network of life). This is why, some might question the capacity of the ICH Convention to safeguard ICH associated with biodiversity? At a time when species and tradition knowledge and practices are going extinct, it is essential to refine the implementation of the Convention by a revision of its Operational Directives responsible for specifying the commitments of the Parties – and which are regularly amended by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH and the General Assemble of State Parties to the Convention – towards a better suited safeguarding of ICH associated with biodiversity. The ecosystem approach developed for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter “CBD”) – whose objectives are the conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits obtained from the use of natural resources – is the basis for this proposal to revise the Operation Directives of the ICH Convention. This approach allows the sustainable management of ecosystems considered as being networks of life including humans and their biodiversity.

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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.876...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Imker, Heidi J.; Schackart III, Kenneth E.; Istrate, Ana-Maria; Cook, Charles E.;

    Modern biological research depends on data resources. These resources archive difficult-to-reproduce data and provide added-value aggregation, curation, and analyses. Collectively, they constitute a global infrastructure of biodata resources. While the organic proliferation of biodata resources has enabled incredible research, sustained support for the individual resources that make up this distributed infrastructure is a challenge. The Global Biodata Coalition (GBC) was established by research funders in part to aid in developing sustainable funding strategies for biodata resources. An important component of this work is understanding the scope of the resource infrastructure; how many biodata resources there are, where they are, and how they are supported. Existing registries require self-registration and/or extensive curation, and we sought to develop a method for assembling a global inventory of biodata resources that could be periodically updated with minimal human intervention. The approach we developed identifies biodata resources using open data from the scientific literature. Specifically, we used a machine learning-enabled natural language processing approach to identify biodata resources from titles and abstracts of life sciences publications contained in Europe PMC. Pretrained BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models were fine-tuned to classify publications as describing a biodata resource or not and to predict the resource name using named entity recognition. To improve the quality of the resulting inventory, low-confidence predictions and potential duplicates were manually reviewed. Further information about the resources were then obtained using article metadata, such as funder and geolocation information. These efforts yielded an inventory of 3112 unique biodata resources based on articles published from 2011–2021. The code was developed to facilitate reuse and includes automated pipelines. All products of this effort are released under permissive licensing, including the biodata resource inventory itself (CC0) and all associated code (BSD/MIT).

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    Authors: Cao Gu;

    Although John Chrysostom is critical of the theatre, delivering a homily was never a tiresome monologue of the preacher in Byzantium; it was a theatrical performance combining text-reading and multiple ceremonies, during which spaces, lights, and materials were manipulated to create marvellous spectacles and enslave the audience spiritually and emotionally. At times, orators described the physical features of the venues where they spoke, as did Leo VI the Wise for two newly founded churches and Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus for the second most important church of the Empire, the Holy Apostles. But in most cases, the performance aspect of their speeches could only be known indirectly from two ceremonial handbooks, Kletorologion and De Ceremoniis. It is also necessary to indicate that the spectacles in homilies were not always real and present; they sometimes came to exist in listeners’ minds through picturesque descriptions (ekphraseis) and fictional figures (ethopoiiai) composed by preachers.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anita Di Chiara; Lisa Tauxe; Helen Gries; Barbara Helwing; +2 Authors

    Data from the marriage of paleomagnetism and archaeology (archaeomagnetism) are the backbone of attempts to create geomagnetic field models for ancient times. Paleointensity experimental design has been the focus of intensive efforts and the requirements and shortcomings are increasingly well understood. Some archaeological materials have excellent age control from inscriptions, which can be tied to a given decade or even a specific year in some cases. In this study, we analyzed fired mud bricks used for the construction of the Ishtar Gate, the entrance complex to the ancient city of Babylon in Southern Mesopotamia. We were able to extract reliable intensity data from all three phases of the gate, the earliest of which includes bricks inscribed with the name of King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 to 562 BCE). These results (1) add high quality intensity data to a region relatively unexplored so far (Southern Mesopotamia), (2) contribute to a better understanding of paleosecular variation in this region, and the development of an archaeomagnetic dating reference for one of the key regions in the history of human civilizations; (3) demonstrate the potential of inscribed bricks (glazed and unglazed), a common material in ancient Mesopotamia, to archaeomagnetic studies; and (4) suggest that the gate complex was constructed some time after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, and that there were no substantial chronological gaps in the construction of each consecutive phase. The best fit of our data (averaging 136±2.1 ZAm2) with those of the reference curve (the Levantine Archaeomagnetic Curve) is 569 BCE.

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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    PLoS ONE
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    PLoS ONE
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      PLoS ONE
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      PLoS ONE
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    Authors: David S. Whitley;

    Landscapes are socially produced and reproduced spaces. This is easily recognizable for large-scale urban groups with built environments that dominate living places. But it also pertains to all types of societies and cultures, even small-scale hunter–gatherers, once the ontological beliefs structuring landscape perception and use are acknowledged. The foragers of south–central and southern California and the Great Basin illustrate this fact. They maintained a widely shared ontological perspective supported by a fundamental cognitive postulate. This is that supernatural power, the principle causative agent in the universe, was differentially distributed among individuals and places. The distribution of power, revealed by certain geomorphological features and natural events, structured their perceptions of landscape. These perceptions were expressed in ritual and symbolism, including petroglyphs and pictographs as durable manifestations of ceremonies on the landscape. The ontological relationship between power and landscape explains a longstanding question in hunter–gatherer archaeology: Why were rock writing sites created at specific locations? It also explains another equally significant but rarely considered and related problem: Why do some localities have massive quantities of rock writings that dwarf most other sites? The landscape symbolism of and the placement of sites by Native Californian and Great Basin tribes is explained by reference to their shared ontological beliefs, illustrating how they structured their ritual practices and archaeological record.

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    Religions
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    Religions
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Religions
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      Religions
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    Authors: Cottegnies, Line;

    La réception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre témoigne d’une rencontre manquée. Traduit de manière anonyme dès 1679, le roman ne rencontre pas le succès attendu. Certes, cette traduction est rééditée en 1688, mais la réception du roman est contrariée par le grand succès de l’adaptation théâtrale très libre qu’en donne le dramaturge Nathaniel Lee en 1680 au Queen’s Theatre, et dont le texte est publié en 1689. Adaptée spécifiquement au goût de la Restauration, la pièce ne reprend que quelques scènes-clés du roman, et, si le Prince et la Princesse de Clèves sont à peu près conformes à leurs modèles, le Duc de Nemours est représenté sous les traits d’un libertin, à l’image des roués (« rakes »), qui peuplaient les comédies londoniennes depuis les années 1660. Le roman passe ici clairement au second plan. Cette adaptation théâtrale semble avoir brouillé la perception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre, en constituant un filtre à son appréciation. Ce n’est qu’au XVIIIe siècle, presque un demi-siècle plus tard, à l’heure de la sensibilité triomphante, que la fiction de Mme de Lafayette connaît un regain d’intêrêt en Angleterre. La Princesse de Clèves, retraduite en 1720, est alors intégrée dans plusieurs recueils de romans continentaux publiés au cours du siècle. Cet article revient sur les raisons de ce décalage dans la réception de La Princesse de Clèves, en étudiant ce moment de l’histoire littéraire anglaise, vers 1680, où les romans français sont traduits par brassées. Faut-il expliquer l’accueil relativement réservé rencontré par La Princesse de Clèves au XVIIe siècle comme procédant de la différence entre un goût anglais et un goût français ? On montrera que si le roman a très certainement pâti du brouillage créé par l’adaptation théâtrale de la pièce de 1680 ou 1681, il représentait aussi une forme de roman difficilement transposable en Angleterre en 1679. The reception of La Princesse of Clèves in England bears witness to a failed encounter. Anonymously translated in 1679, the novel did not meet with the expected success. Although the translation was republished in 1688, the novel's reception was thwarted by the great success of the very free theatrical adaptation given by the playwright Nathaniel Lee in 1680 at Queen's Theatre, the text of which was published in 1689. Adapted specifically to the tastes of the Restoration, the play takes up only a few key scenes from the novel, and while the Prince and Princess of Cleves are more or less true to their models, the Duke of Nemours is portrayed as a libertine, in line with the “rakes” who had populated London comedies since the 1660s. This theatrical adaptation seems to have blurred the perception of the French novel in England, acting as a filter for its appreciation. It was not until the eighteenth century, almost half a century later, at a time when novels of sensibility became fashionable, that Mme de Lafayette's fiction enjoyed renewed interest in England. The Princess of Cleves, retranslated in 1720, was then included in several collections of continental novels published over the course of the century. This article looks at the reasons for this gap in the reception of La Princesse de Clèves, by studying the moment in English literary history, around 1680, when French novels were translated by the dozens. Should we explain the relatively lukewarm reception of La Princesse of Clèves in the seventeenth century as a result of the difference between English and French tastes? This article shows that while the novel certainly suffered from the confusion created by the theatrical adaptation of the play in 1680 or 1681, it also represented a form of novel that was difficult to transpose to England in 1679.

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    OpenEdition
    Article . 2024
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    Etudes Epistémè
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      OpenEdition
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      Etudes Epistémè
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    Authors: Fernández Vicente, María José;

    Este trabajo busca analizar las emociones que acompañaron los procesos identitarios de los españoles instalados en Francia. Se tratará así de entender en qué medida y de qué manera los afectos y sensibilidades de estos emigrantes influyeron, no solamente en la manera en la que estos construyeron su identidad de español expatriado sino en cómo estos (re)pensaron sus estrategias migratorias durante su estancia en el país vecino.

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    INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICAS ÉPOCA MODERNA Y CONTEMPORÁNEA
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    Authors: Xinrui Zeng;

    A sacred site that draws pilgrims from distant regions is a distinctive resource for studying religion. Research into a site’s relevance to pilgrims and how it came to be founded contributes to a better understanding of religious activity. To address these issues, a thorough historical analysis of a sacred site’s records is essential. Such an analysis endeavors to distinguish the historical facts of a sacred site from its narratives and further discusses the significance of each. With such intent, this study focuses on the Rujing Stupa, a sacred site of significant importance to transnational pilgrimages that has yet to receive sufficient scholarly attention. The stupa, which is located at the Jingci Monastery in Hangzhou, China, is believed to hold the relics of Tiantong Rujing 天童如浄 (1163–1228), a Song Dynasty monk. Although the modern stele inscription at this location indicates that the stupa was founded in the 13th century, shortly after the monk’s death, this paper examines the historical reinventions within the inscription and traces the influence of Japanese narratives on such a reinvention. This study demonstrates that the Rujing Stupa was established by, and for, the Japanese Sōtō Buddhists. The Chinese monk’s connection to the Sōtō pilgrims lies in Rujing’s role as the master who instructed Dōgen 道元 (1200–1253), the founder of the Sōtō tradition, making his stupa a sacred site for the Sōtō community. Concerns of commemoration and reifying doctrinal authenticity motivated two generations of Japanese pilgrims to construct the Rujing stupa in the late 19th and 20th centuries, respectively. On the other hand, Rujing’s significance and the presence of the Sōtō tradition were scarcely acknowledged in China until the early modern period. Only in the late 20th century did Chinese Buddhists begin to appreciate this stupa. Examining the site’s historical reinventions and identifying the factors that shape its narrative, this case study offers insights into the investigation of sacred sites and suggests a concern for narrative in the examination of a site’s history and significance.

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    Religions
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Eliška Zazvonilová; Hana Brzobohatá; Jan Frolík; Petr Velemínský; +1 Authors

    While season-of-death estimation using cementochronology is routine in archaeozoology, its use is much less frequent in bioarchaeology. Based on the character of the outermost increment (bright or dark), two seasons (spring/summer, autumn/winter) can be distinguished. Although many studies mention its potential and possible use in forensic anthropology or bioarchaeology, few exist with estimation results. This study aimed to apply cementochronology–a histological method based on counting and assessing regular circa-annual acellular cementum increments–to 42 individuals from medieval mass graves from Kutná Hora-Sedlec (Czechia, 14th century) to estimate the season-of-death. The mass graves belong to two stratigraphically distinct groups; written and archaeological sources relate them to two catastrophic events (the famine of 1318 and the plague epidemic of 1348–1350). Using cementochronology, we distinguished two distinct seasons corresponding to the two groups of graves, with individuals from the first group dying predominantly in spring/summer, while those from the second group died in autumn/winter. Taking into account the typical seasonal dynamics of epidemics, the results would be more in line with written sources. However, during the evaluation, we faced difficulties identifying the outermost increment and detecting the dark (thinner) increment; we recommend including only young and middle-aged adults in future studies, due to the difficulty of evaluation, and to consider the readability of the tissue (often affected by diagenesis). In conclusion, cementochronology has potential in the context of estimating the season-of-death, but the technical possibilities for enhancing the outermost increment need to be addressed, and the amount of data analysed expanded.

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    PLoS ONE
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    Authors: Sol��rzano-Kraemer, M��nica M.; Bourdeau, Cl��ment; Rosse-Guillevic, Simon; Hammel, J��rg U.; +2 Authors

    Phorid flies are an abundant and diverse dipteran family in modern faunas, yet poorly represented in the fossil record. Here, we describe the first fossil species of the millipede parasitizing genus Myriophora, M. asiatica n. sp., and three new fossil species of the ant parasitizing genus Apocephalus, A. miocenus n. sp., A. dominicanus n. sp., and A. chiapanecus n. sp. discovered in Miocene amber deposits from China, Dominican Republic, and Mexico, respectively. Moreover, we add details on the species Apocephalus succineus Brown, previously described in Dominican amber, with the observation of a new specimen. We also include a dichotomous key for all Apocephalus species described in the fossil record. Palaeoworld x, S1871174X21000913 (1-17) (2021). doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.11.002 Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam [u.a.]

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    Palaeoworld
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    Authors: Huleux, François;

    La diversité biologique connaît un schéma d'érosion face auquel la communauté internationale tente de lutter. Depuis quelques années, les communautés locales et autochtones sont reconnues comme un modèle de conservation et d'utilisation durable de cette diversité. Elles recréent, expriment et transmettent des connaissances et pratiques de gestion des ressources naturelles depuis des temps immémoriaux pour certaines. En 2003, la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « Convention PCI ») est adoptée afin de préserver ce patrimoine qui est lui aussi sur le point de disparaître en raison de l'acculturation, la mondialisation, la déforestation, etc. Malgré la relation d’interdépendance qui caractérise certains éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « PCI ») avec les éléments matériels naturels auxquels ils sont associés, la Convention ne guide pas ses Parties vers la reconnaissance et préservation de cette relation. Plus précisément, elle ne guide pas ses Parties vers la conservation et l’utilisation durable de l’ensemble des éléments de la biodiversité nécessaires à la sauvegarde du PCI (réseau de vie). C’est pourquoi, certains pourraient s’interroger sur la capacité de la Convention PCI à sauvegarder le PCI associé à la biodiversité ? A l’heure de l’extinction des espèces et de la raréfaction des connaissances et pratiques « traditionnelles », il apparaît primordial de faire évoluer la mise en œuvre de la Convention par une révision de ses Directives opérationnelles chargées de préciser les engagements des Parties et régulièrement amendées par le Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du PCI et l’Assemblé générale des États parties à la Convention vers une sauvegarde mieux adaptée au PCI associé à la biodiversité. L’approche par écosystème développée sous l’empire de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (ci-après « CDB ») dont les objectifs sont la conservation, l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles sert de base à cette proposition de révision des directives de la Convention PCI. L’approche permet de gérer des écosystèmes considérés comme des réseaux de vie dont les Hommes et la diversité culturelle sont un élément à part entière. The international community is trying to fight the current pattern of biodiversity erosion. In recent years, local and indigenous communities have been recognized as models in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of them have been recreating, expressing and transmitting knowledge and natural resources management practices for centuries. In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter “ICH Convention”) was adopted in order to preserve this heritage, which is also on the verge of disappearing due to acculturation, globalization, deforestation, etc. Despite the interdependent relationship which characterizes certain elements of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter “ICH”) with the natural material elements associated to it, the Convention does not guide its Parties towards the recognition and preservation of this unique relationship. More specifically, it does not guide them towards the conservation and sustainable use of the elements of biodiversity that are necessary to the safeguarding of ICH (considered as a network of life). This is why, some might question the capacity of the ICH Convention to safeguard ICH associated with biodiversity? At a time when species and tradition knowledge and practices are going extinct, it is essential to refine the implementation of the Convention by a revision of its Operational Directives responsible for specifying the commitments of the Parties – and which are regularly amended by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH and the General Assemble of State Parties to the Convention – towards a better suited safeguarding of ICH associated with biodiversity. The ecosystem approach developed for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter “CBD”) – whose objectives are the conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits obtained from the use of natural resources – is the basis for this proposal to revise the Operation Directives of the ICH Convention. This approach allows the sustainable management of ecosystems considered as being networks of life including humans and their biodiversity.

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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.876...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Imker, Heidi J.; Schackart III, Kenneth E.; Istrate, Ana-Maria; Cook, Charles E.;

    Modern biological research depends on data resources. These resources archive difficult-to-reproduce data and provide added-value aggregation, curation, and analyses. Collectively, they constitute a global infrastructure of biodata resources. While the organic proliferation of biodata resources has enabled incredible research, sustained support for the individual resources that make up this distributed infrastructure is a challenge. The Global Biodata Coalition (GBC) was established by research funders in part to aid in developing sustainable funding strategies for biodata resources. An important component of this work is understanding the scope of the resource infrastructure; how many biodata resources there are, where they are, and how they are supported. Existing registries require self-registration and/or extensive curation, and we sought to develop a method for assembling a global inventory of biodata resources that could be periodically updated with minimal human intervention. The approach we developed identifies biodata resources using open data from the scientific literature. Specifically, we used a machine learning-enabled natural language processing approach to identify biodata resources from titles and abstracts of life sciences publications contained in Europe PMC. Pretrained BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models were fine-tuned to classify publications as describing a biodata resource or not and to predict the resource name using named entity recognition. To improve the quality of the resulting inventory, low-confidence predictions and potential duplicates were manually reviewed. Further information about the resources were then obtained using article metadata, such as funder and geolocation information. These efforts yielded an inventory of 3112 unique biodata resources based on articles published from 2011–2021. The code was developed to facilitate reuse and includes automated pipelines. All products of this effort are released under permissive licensing, including the biodata resource inventory itself (CC0) and all associated code (BSD/MIT).

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    Authors: Cao Gu;

    Although John Chrysostom is critical of the theatre, delivering a homily was never a tiresome monologue of the preacher in Byzantium; it was a theatrical performance combining text-reading and multiple ceremonies, during which spaces, lights, and materials were manipulated to create marvellous spectacles and enslave the audience spiritually and emotionally. At times, orators described the physical features of the venues where they spoke, as did Leo VI the Wise for two newly founded churches and Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus for the second most important church of the Empire, the Holy Apostles. But in most cases, the performance aspect of their speeches could only be known indirectly from two ceremonial handbooks, Kletorologion and De Ceremoniis. It is also necessary to indicate that the spectacles in homilies were not always real and present; they sometimes came to exist in listeners’ minds through picturesque descriptions (ekphraseis) and fictional figures (ethopoiiai) composed by preachers.

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      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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