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This study introduces a model for the observation and design of digital collections exhibitions rooted on three concepts: interaction ecologies, exposing collections, and architectural ephemera. The study examines how to go beyond the “one user, one device” approach in GLAMs, what it means to expose a collection, and what it means to consider architectural elements as ephemera. We define interaction ecologies as the approach to a context in which individuals of different species (devices and humans included) entertain rich and floating relationships appropriate to the roles, activities, and postures they assume. This perspective offers novel possibilities on the exhibition of digital collections. In addition, we discuss the concepts of exposing a collection and the translation of architectural elements to transient artifacts to preserve memory. This discussion allows a series of qualities to emerge that together constitute a model for the observation of collection exhibitions. The study includes the presentation of the exhibition “Ankara Balcony Balustrades 1950–75,” which, by focusing on these aspects, acts as a prototype of the model and helps in verifying the application and its results.

International audience; We combined biostratigraphical analyses, archaeological surveys, and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) models to provide new insights into the relative sea-level evolution in the northeastern Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). In this area, characterized by a very complex tectonic pattern, we produced a new typology of sea-level index point, based on the foraminiferal associations found in transgressive marine facies. Our results agree with the sea-level history previously produced in this region, therefore confirming the validity of this new type of index point. The expanded dataset presented in this paper further demonstrates a continuous Holocene RSL rise in this portion of the Aegean Sea. Comparing the new RSL record with the available geophysical predictions of sea-level evolution indicates that the crustal subsidence of the Samothraki Plateau and the North Aegean Trough played a major role in controlling millennial-scale sea-level evolution in the area. This major subsidence rate needs to be taken into account in the preparation of local future scenarios of sea-level rise in the coming decades.

Minerals able to colour in blue (and green in combination with yellow pigments) are limited in number and geologically. After presenting a short history of the use of cobalt as a colouring agent of glass, glaze and enamel in the Western/Mediterranean, Islamic and Asian worlds since Antiquity, we will present the different forms (dissolved ions, natural and synthetic crystalline phases/pigments) of cobalt and associated elements regarding primary (transition metals) and secondary geological deposits (transition metals and/or arsenic, bismuth, silver). Attempts to identify the origin of cobalt have been made by many authors considering the associated elements but without considering the important modifications due to different processing of the raw materials (extraction/purification/formulation). We review the information available in the ancient reports and present literature on the use of cobalt, its extraction and production from the ores, the different geological sources and their relationship with associated elements (transition metals, bismuth, arsenic, and silver) and with technological/aesthetic requirements. (Partial) substitution of cobalt with lapis lazuli is also addressed. The relative application of non-invasive mobile Raman and pXRF analytical instruments, to detect mineral phases and elements associated with/replacing cobalt is addressed, with emphasis on Mamluk, Ottoman, Chinese, Vietnamese and Japanese productions. The efficiency of Ni-Zn-As diagram proposed by Gratuze et al. as a classification tool is confirmed but additionally, CoO-Fe2O3−MnO and CoO-NiO-Cr2O3 diagrams are also found as very efficient tools in this research. The relationship between the compositional data obtained from the artefacts and historical questions on the origin and date of their production are discussed in order to obtain a global historical view. The need of a better knowledge of (ancient) deposits of cobalt ores and the evolution of cobalt ore processing with time and place is obvious.

This research was conducted as part of the TUBITAK-CNRS bilateral cooperation with the grant number of 114Y723 during 2015-2017. The researches were further funded by ECCOREV (CNRS (ACIGoL project), the LABEX OT-MED (Bilat project) and by the ANR (MRSEI, ACIGoL project). The long coring of Acgol (core 3) was funded by ALKM Company due to the Acgol Drilling Project signed between Cahit Helvac (DEU) and the ALKM and SODAS Companies. We are grateful to the companies of ALKM and SODAS, particularly to the courtesy of their respective owner and Mr Cihat Kora who permitted us to access and work on the Acgol Core-3. Moreover, Mr Huseyin unlu, the general director of ALKM Company during the coring, Mr. unal Ark director of ALKM and Mr. Mahmut Eser, the correspondent of the core is greatly appreciated as well as Mr. Serdar Salanc, the general director, and Mr. Necati Demirer the director of SODAS Cardak Plant. We thank Dahvya Belkacem for having extracted the pollen from the series of Acgol and Kocaba. We thank Michelle Leydet for storing our pollen data in EPD. We thank Alain Tonetto and the Platform for Analytical Technological and Imaging Research (PRATIM), from Aix Marseille University, for the confocal photographies of the pollen. Finally, we would like to thank Dr Chenglong Deng (Editorial Board Member of Scientific Reports) and the reviewer, Dr Li Quan, for very pertinent remarks, which helped to improve the manuscript significantly. Cereals are a central resource for the human diet and are traditionally assumed to have evolved from wild grasses at the onset of the Neolithic under the pressure of agriculture. Here we demonstrate that cereals may have a significantly longer and more diverse lineage, based on the study of a 0-2.3 Ma, 601 m long sedimentary core from Lake Acgol (South-West Anatolia). Pollen characteristic of cereals is abundant throughout the sedimentary sequence. The presence of large lakes within this arid bioclimatic zone led to the concentration of large herbivore herds, as indicated by the continuous occurrence of coprophilous fungi spores in the record. Our hypothesis is that the effects of overgrazing on soils and herbaceous stratum, during this long period, led to genetic modifications of the Poaceae taxa and to the appearance of proto-cereals. The simultaneous presence of hominins is attested as early as about 1.4 Ma in the lake vicinity, and 1.8 Ma in Georgia and Levant. These ancient hominins probably benefited from the availability of these proto-cereals, rich in nutrients, as well as various other edible plants, opening the way, in this region of the Middle East, to a process of domestication, which reached its full development during the Neolithic. TUBITAK-CNRS bilateral cooperation [114Y723]; ECCOREV (CNRS (ACIGoL project)); LABEX OT-MED (Bilat project); ANR (MRSEI, ACIGoL project); ALKM Company

In the late 19th century, ancient tombs were discovered near the village of Vohemar at the northeastern point of Madagascar, and subsequent excavations during the French period (1896-1945) revealed the presence of a major necropolis active from similar to 13th to 18th centuries. Some artefacts (Chinese ceramic shards and glass trade beads) recovered from these excavations was sent to France and now in part belong to the collection of the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Nimes. Carnelian and glass trade beads were analyzed with a mobile Raman spectrometer, which identified different materials (soda-lime glass, quartz/moganite, carnelian/citrine, chalcedony) and coloring agents (Naples yellow, cassiterite, amber chromophore, transition metal ions, etc.). The results are compared with those obtained on beads excavated at different sites of Southern Africa and at Mayotte Island, and it appears that (most of) the beads come from southern Asia and Europe. The results confirmed the role that northern Madagascar played within the maritime networks of the Western Indian Ocean during the 15th-16th century. NRS DERCI 2013 Special Grant

In this paper, we first provide a framework for history-dependent utility models. We further consider discrete infinite horizon dynamic optimization programs in which the instantaneous payoff presents such historydependence. Habits are a particular case of history-dependence. An issue about models with habits is their lack of general framework. Our framework allows to study habit models that are either additive or multiplicative or neither, as well as satiation models. Moreover, with this unified setting one can treat the usual optimal growth models with or without habit formation and with or without satiation effects. As the way the history dependence is formalized allows us to use dynamic programming tools. We show that the value function is the unique fixed point of the Bellman operator. Such history-dependent modelizations have their motivations and applications in many areas among which decision theory, psychology, behavioral and environmental economics.