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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
  • 2017-2021
  • Research data
  • DRYAD
  • Harvard Dataverse

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Egeland, Charles; Fadem, Cynthia; Byerly, Ryan; Henderson, Cory; +4 Authors

    Variable Description Type Type of sample (calibration = calibration coin for Delta Innov-X Analyzer; standard = NIST geological standard; geological = geological sample from lithic raw material source; artifact = archaeological specimen) Replicate Replicate measurement (Yes or No) Source Geological source (delta = Delta Innov-x Analyzer calibration coin; nist = National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) geological standard; NS = Naibor Soit; NH = Naisuisui Hill; OL = Oldonye Okule; LD = Lemagarut drainage; SS = Shifting Sand; KG = Kelogi Hills; EN = Engelosin) Outcrop Individual outcrop within geological source (NSM = Naibor Soit Main Hill; NSMH = Naibor Soit Manyata Hill; NSSO = Naibor Soit Southern Outlier; NH = Naisuisui Hill; LD1 = Lemagarut Drainage 1; LD2 = Lemagarut Drainage 2; BKE = BK East; SS = Shifting Sand; KG = Kelogi Hills; EN = Engelosin; NA = Not applicable) Specimen Individual find or sample number Material Raw material type (QTZ = "Quartz-rich"; GN = Gneiss; FGV = Fine-grained volcanic) Element concentration estimate Reported for each element (e.g., P, Cl, Ca; empty cells are "non-detect") Analytical error Reported for each element (e.g., P +/-, Cl +/-, Ca +/-; no error reported for "non-detect" elements) The published analysis focused only on granulite specimens (n = 186) and, more specifically, on six elements (Fe, Ti, Zr, K, Sr, and Y) that had detection rates >75% in the granulite specimens (that is, these elements were detected in more than 75% of the granulite specimens). These elements were used in the predictive models from the published analysis. Two of the 186 granulite specimens were missing values for five out of the six elements and were therefore not included in the statistical analyses. Of the remaining 184 specimens, 55 had missing data for one element, and two of those 55 had missing data for two elements. These missing values were treated as censored data (that is, the element is present but could not be measured precisely enough for the instrument to report a value). These missing values were interpolated in one of two ways. For those specimens subjected to replicate pXRF runs (n = 7), the missing value was replaced with the mean value of the replicates. The missing values for the remaining specimens (n = 48) were replaced with the mean of the four closest (as determined in two-dimensional space) specimens with measured (rather than interpolated) values. The main data file does not include these interpolated values. Should analysts choose to use them, interpolated values can be found in the additional .csv file. The invention and proliferation of stone tool technology in the Early Stone Age (ESA) marks a watershed in human evolution. Patterns of lithic procurement, manufacture, use, and discard have much to tell us about ESA hominin cognition and land use. However, these issues cannot be fully explored outside the context of the physical attributes and spatio-temporal availability of the lithic raw materials themselves. The Olduvai Basin of northern Tanzania, which is home to both a wide variety of potential toolstones and a rich collection of ESA archaeological sites, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the relationship between lithic technology and raw material characteristics. Here, we examine two attributes of the basin's igneous and metamorphic rocks: spatial location and fracture predictability. A total of 244 geological specimens were analyzed with non-destructive portable XRF (pXRF) to determine the geochemical distinctiveness of five primary and secondary sources, while 110 geological specimens were subjected to Schmidt rebound hardness tests to measure fracture predictability. Element concentrations derived via pXRF show significant differences between sources, and multivariate predictive models classify geological specimens with 75–80% accuracy. The predictive models identify Naibor Soit as the most likely source for a small sample of three lithic artifacts from Bed II, which supports the idea that this inselberg served as a source of toolstone during the early Pleistocene. Clear patterns in fracture predictability exist within and between both sources and rock types. Fine-grained volcanics show high rebound values (associated with high fracture predictability), while finer-grained metamorphics and coarsegrained gneisses show intermediate and low rebound values, respectively. Artifact data from Bed I and II suggest that fracture predictability played a role in raw material selection at some sites, but other attributes like durability, expediency, and nodule size and shape were more significant. A total of 244 rock specimens (aka "geological specimens") were collected from eight primary (six granulite outcrops, one gneiss outcrop, one phonolite outcrop) and one secondary (a seasonal drainage containing basalt blocks) lithic raw material sources in the Olduvai Basin. Rock specimens were flaked directly from the sources with a rockhammer. Only granulite specimens with visually quartz-rich compositions were selected. Five quartz-rich metamorphic artifacts (aka "archaeological specimens") from BK East, a ca. 1.5 million-year-old site on the south wall of the side gorge in Olduvai Gorge, were also included. Portable XRF (pXRF) analyses were conducted with an Innov-X Delta Classic Environmental Analyzer equipped with a 4W Au anode X-ray tube and a Si-PIN diode detector. All analyses were performed while the instrument was docked into a stable, hands-free test stand. An unweathered, non-cortical surface free of sediment matrix was placed over, and completely covered, the detector window. Each specimen was measured for 360 seconds using all three of the instrument's beams (120 seconds/beam). After an initial energy scale calibration test with a factory issued metal coin of known composition, the following protocol was observed: (1) a powdered sample of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2702 with elemental concentrations certified by NIST was measured; (2) four geological/archaeological specimens were then measured; (3) the fifth geological/archaeological specimen in a series was measured five times (that is, five consecutive 360-second cycles) without being moved or reoriented; (4) after the fifth geological/archaeological specimen was measured, the SRM 2702 sample was measured once again, which initiated the next series of measurements. Element concentrations were derived with the Compton Normalization correction model and the factory-set “Soil Environmental” calibration.

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2021
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DRYAD; ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2021
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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  • Authors: Lefrançois, Frédéric;

    Photographs of art exhibitions

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  • Authors: Blair, Christopher; Schwartz, Joshua A.; Chu, Jonathan A.;

    Prominent research holds that the use of weapons of mass destruction is taboo. But how strong are these norms? Investigating this question among the mass public, we argue that some citizens actually support taboo policies in private but are unwilling to express counter-normative opinions openly due to fear of social sanction. These insincere norm-holders are difficult to identify empirically because they are observationally equivalent to sincere norm-holders in direct-question surveys. To overcome this challenge, we use a list design, which allows survey respondents to indirectly express sensitive opinions. The results from three list experiments show that between 10% and 17% of Americans falsify their preferences over chemical weapons use when asked directly. In an extension, we explore our framework in the realm of nuclear weapons and elite behavior. Our findings advance a specific debate on the strength of weapons taboos, while our conceptualization of insincere norm-holders and methodological application have broader implications for how scholars might think about and measure norms in international politics.

    Harvard Dataversearrow_drop_down
    Harvard Dataverse
    Dataset . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Harvard Dataverse
      Dataset . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
      Collection . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
      Collection . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Wei, Shichao; Li, Zitong; Momigliano, Paolo; Fu, Chao; +2 Authors

    The role of geological events and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations as drivers of current patterns of genetic variation in extant species has been a topic of continued interest among evolutionary biologists. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies of widely distributed species are still rare, especially from Asia. Using geographically extensive sampling of many individuals and a large number of nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we studied the phylogeography and historical demography of Hyla annectans populations in southern China. Thirty-five sampled populations were grouped into seven clearly defined genetic clusters that closely match phenotype-based subspecies classification. These lineages diverged 2.32–5.23 million years ago, a timing that closely aligns with the rapid and drastic uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent southwest China. Demographic analyses and species distribution models indicate that different populations of this species have responded differently to past climatic changes. In the Hengduan Mountains, most populations experienced a bottleneck, whereas the populations located outside of the Hengduan Mountains have gradually declined in size since the end of the last glaciation. In addition, the levels of phenotypic and genetic divergence were strongly correlated across major clades. These results highlight the combined effects of geological events and past climatic fluctuations, as well as natural selection, as drivers of contemporary patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in a widely distributed anuran in Asia. 'SNP_data_for_H.annectans' is the SNP data for Hyla annectans in vcf formats. Which is used for the phylogeney tree, genetic structure, genetic differentiation, demographic analyses. 'Morphological_data_info' are the statistic data of snout-vent length (SVL), weight and spots numbers used for morphological analyses and QST-FST comparison. 'SDM_input_ascii' are the SDM ascii files used for SDMs. 'SDM_locality_info' are the occurrence data points of five genetic clusters for the H. annectans.

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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    Authors: Odonne, Guillaume; van den Bel, Martijn; Burst, Maxime; Brunaux, Olivier; +14 Authors

    To decipher the long-term influences of pre-Columbian land occupations on contemporary forest structure, diversity and functioning in Amazonia, most of the previous research focused on the alluvial plains of the major rivers of the Amazon basin. Terra firme, i.e. non-flooded forests, particularly from the Guiana Shield, are yet to be explored. In this study, we aim to give new insights into the subtle traces of pre-Columbian influences on present-day forests given the archaeological context of terra firme forests of the Guiana Shield. Following archeological prospects on 13 sites in French Guiana, we carried out forest inventories inside and outside archaeological sites and assessed the potential pre-Columbian use of the sampled tree species using an original ethnobotanical database of the Guiana Shield region. Aboveground biomass (320 and 380 T.ha-1 respectively), basal area (25-30 and 30-35 m2.ha-1 respectively) and tree density (550 and 700 stem.ha-1 respectively) were all significantly lower on anthropized plots (As) than on non-anthropized plots (NAs). Ancient human presence shaped the species composition of the sampled forests with Arecaceae, Burseraceae and Lauraceae, significantly more frequent in As and Annonaceae and Lecythidaceae more frequent in NAs. While alpha diversity was not different between As and NAs, the presence of pre-Columbian sites enhances significantly the forest beta diversity at the landscape level. Finally, trees with edible fruits are positively associated with pre-Columbian sites while trees used for construction or for their bark are negatively associated with pre-Columbian sites. Half a millennium after their abandonment, former occupied places from the inner Guiana Shield still bear noticeable differences with non-anthropized places. Considering the lack of data concerning archeology of terra firme Amazonian forests, our results suggest that pre-Columbian influences on the structure (lower current biomass), diversity (higher beta diversity) and composition (linked to the past human tree uses) of current Amazonian forests might be more important than previously thought. Use Values & Plant Parts used for main forest tree species of the Guiana ShieldA binary table describing for each species (in rows), its use values (construction, firewood, human food, medicinal, arts and crafts) the used tree parts (bark, wood, fruits, leaves or flowers, exudates, underground organs). This dataset compile information from many databases of the region. Details in the published paper.UseValues.xls

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2019 . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2019 . 2020
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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    Authors: Gargiulo, Roberta; Pironon, Samuel; Zheleznaya, Ekaterina; Sanchez, Michele D.; +7 Authors

    Aim: We investigated the phylogeographic history of a clonal-sexual orchid, to test the hypothesis that current patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation retain the traces of climatic fluctuations and of the species reproductive system. Location: Europe, Siberia and Russian Far East. Taxon: Cypripedium calceolus L. (Orchidaceae). Methods: Samples (>900, from 56 locations) were genotyped at eleven nuclear microsatellite loci and plastid sequences were obtained for a subset of them. Analysis of genetic structure and approximate Bayesian computations were performed. Species distribution modelling was used to explore the effects of past climatic fluctuations on the species range. Results: Analysis of genetic diversity reveals high heterozygosity and allele diversity, with no geographical trend. Three genetic clusters are identified with extant gene pools derived from ancestral demes in glacial refugia. Siberian populations exhibit different plastid haplotypes, supporting an early divergence for the Asian gene pool. Demographic results based on genetic data are compatible with an admixture event explaining differentiation in Estonia and Romania and they are consistent with past climatic dynamics inferred through species distribution modelling. Current population differentiation does not follow an isolation by distance model and is compatible with a model of isolation by colonisation. Main conclusions: The genetic differentiation observed today in C. calceolus preserves the signature of climatic fluctuations in the historical distribution range of the species. Our findings support the central role of clonal reproduction in in reducing loss of diversity through genetic drift. The dynamics of the clonal-sexual reproduction are responsible for the persistence of ancestral variation and stability during glacial periods and post-glacial expansion. Microsatellite datasetGenotypes at eleven loci for 904 individuals.In DRYAD.xlsx

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    DRYAD; ZENODO; NARCIS
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
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    DANS-EASY
    Dataset . 2019
    Data sources: B2FIND
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      DRYAD; ZENODO; NARCIS
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
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      DANS-EASY
      Dataset . 2019
      Data sources: B2FIND
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    Authors: Borella, Josh; Quigley, Mark; Riley, Moses; Trutner, Sarah; +4 Authors

    Many large cities worldwide are built on natural and engineered geological materials that are highly susceptible to liquefaction and associated ground failure in earthquakes. Constitutive equations describing relationships between sediment geotechnical characteristics, seismological parameters, and liquefaction susceptibility of natural and engineered sediments are well established. What is less understood is the role of anthropogenic landscape modifications (e.g., river channel modifications, sediment engineering and re-distribution) and infrastructure (e.g., buildings, buried infrastructure such as drainage systems) on the spatial distributions and severity of liquefaction and ground deformation. Here we use stratigraphic studies, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and analyses of high-resolution aerial photographs to evaluate surface and subsurface geological manifestations of recurrent liquefaction in anthropogenically-modified landscapes during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand. Engineered fill layers provided low density, high permeability traps that captured fluidized sediment and promoted the formation of a unique assemblage of liquefaction-induced sediment intrusions that differ from those preserved in proximal natural sediment. Subsurface drainage systems imparted significant influence on the location, size and orientations of liquefaction ejecta features. Sediments adjacent to engineered stream channels experienced large lateral strains that are unlikely to have occurred in the absence of channel modifications. Spatial variations in pre-Anthropocene topography and liquefaction-susceptible sediments exerted strong influence on the characteristics of liquefaction hazards, even in highly engineered environments. Collectively, these observations highlight important interactions between concomitant Anthropocene and pre-Anthropocene environments that should be carefully considered when interpreting the geologic effects of contemporary earthquakes and / or using pre-Anthropocene geological records to forecast future hazards. The following supplementary files are included: - Figures S.1 - S.6 - Tables S.1 - S.3 - ST.1_Supplemental Text for Figure Captions - SCPT_1 Factual Geotechnical Report - SCPT_1 CPT data.xls - SCPT_1 Seismic data.xls - Porritt Park GPR lines (unannotated) - Avondale Park (AP) GPR lines (unannotated)

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Arroyave, Felber; Petersen, Alexander; Jenkins, Jeffrey; Hurtado, Rafael;

    Abstract Illicit wildlife trafficking poses a threat to the conservation of species and ecosystems, and represents a fundamental source of biodiversity loss, alongside climate change and large-scale land degradation. Despite the seriousness of this issue, little is known about various socio-cultural demand sources underlying trafficking networks, for example the forthright consumption of endangered species on different cultural contexts. Our study illustrates how wildlife trafficking represents a wicked problem at the intersection of criminal enforcement, cultural heritage and environmental systems management. As with similar network-based crimes, institutions are frequently ineffective at curbing wildlife trafficking, partly due to the lack of information detailing activities within illicit trading networks. To address this shortcoming, we leverage official government records documenting the illegal trade of reptiles in Colombia. As such, our study contributes to the understanding of how and why wildlife trafficking persists across robust trafficking networks, which are conduits for a broader range of black-market goods. Leveraging geo-spatial data, we construct a multiplex representation of wildlife trafficking networks, which facilitates identifying network properties that are signatures of strategic trafficker behavior. In particular, our results indicate that traffickers’ actions are constrained by spatial and market customs, a result which is apparent only within an integrated multiplex representation. Characteristic levels of sub-network coupling further indicate that traffickers strategically leverage knowledge of the entire system. We argue that this multiplex representation is essential for prioritizing crime enforcement strategies aimed at disrupting robust trade networks, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and resources allocation of institutions charged with curbing illicit trafficking. We develop a generalizable model of multiplex criminal trade networks suitable for communicating with policy makers and practitioners, thereby facilitating rapid translation into public policy and environmental conservation efforts.

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    figshare
    Collection . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    figshare
    Collection . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    DRYAD
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite
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      figshare
      Collection . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      figshare
      Collection . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      DRYAD
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Dagnino, Ricardo; Marcos Freitas;

    Mapa dos municípios com casos confirmados de coronavírus (Covid-19) até 2/04/2020 no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Com base nos dados de Justen, Álvaro. Dados diários mais recentes do coronavírus por município brasileiro. Blog Brasil I.O., 23 março 2020. https://blog.brasil.io/2020/03/23/dados-coronavirus-por-municipio-mais-atualizados/

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    Harvard Dataverse
    Dataset . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Harvard Dataverse
      Dataset . 2020
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Harvey, Virginia; Lefebvre, Michelle; deFrance, Susan; Toftgard, Casper; +3 Authors

    Advancements in molecular science are continually improving our understanding of marine turtle biology and evolution. However, there are still considerable gaps in our understanding, such as past marine turtle distributions, which can benefit from advanced zooarchaeological analyses. Here we apply collagen fingerprinting to 130 archaeological marine turtle bone samples up to 2500 years old from the Caribbean and Florida’s Gulf Coast for faunal identification, finding the vast majority of samples (88%) to contain preserved collagen despite deposition in the tropics. All samples can be identified to species-level with the exception of the Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and olive ridley (L. olivacea) turtles, which can be separated to genus level, having diverged from one another only ~5 million years ago. Additionally, we identify a single homologous peptide that allows the separation of archaeological green turtle samples, Chelonia spp., into two distinct groups, which potentially signifies a difference in genetic stock. The majority of the archaeological samples are identified as green turtle (Chelonia spp.; 63%), with hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata; 17%) and ridley turtles (Lepidochelys spp.; 3%) making up smaller proportions of the assemblage. There were no molecular identifications of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in the assemblage despite 9% of the samples being morphologically identified as such, highlighting the difficulties in relying on morphological identifications alone in archaeological remains. Finally, we present the first marine turtle molecular phylogeny using collagen (I) amino acid sequences and find our analyses match recent phylogenies based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Our results highlight the advantage of using collagen fingerprinting to supplement morphological analyses of turtle bones and support the usefulness of this technique for assessing their past distributions across the Caribbean and Florida’s Gulf Coast, especially in these tropical environments where DNA preservation may be poor. Loggerhead turtleLoggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Caretta-caretta_FLMNH_M-54206.raw.mgfGreen turtle (Pacific)Green turtle (Chelonia mydas; Pacific clade) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Chelonia-mydas_FLMNH_57247_PACIFIC.raw.mgfGreen turtle (Atlantic)Green turtle (Chelonia mydas; Atlantic clade) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Chelonia-mydas_UF42972_ATLANTIC.raw.mgfLeatherback turtleLeatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Dermochelys-coriacea_FLMNH_37557.raw.mgfHawksbill turtleHawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Eretmochelys-imbricata_FLMNH_62368.raw.mgfKemp's ridley turtleKemp's ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Lepidochelys-kempii_FLMNH_22371.raw.mgfOlive ridley turtleOlive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Lepidochelys-olivacea_FLMNH_44952.raw.mgfFlatback turtleFlatback turtle (Natator depressus) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Natator-depressus_WAM-R177325.raw.mgf

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2019
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2019
      License: CC 0
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Egeland, Charles; Fadem, Cynthia; Byerly, Ryan; Henderson, Cory; +4 Authors

    Variable Description Type Type of sample (calibration = calibration coin for Delta Innov-X Analyzer; standard = NIST geological standard; geological = geological sample from lithic raw material source; artifact = archaeological specimen) Replicate Replicate measurement (Yes or No) Source Geological source (delta = Delta Innov-x Analyzer calibration coin; nist = National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) geological standard; NS = Naibor Soit; NH = Naisuisui Hill; OL = Oldonye Okule; LD = Lemagarut drainage; SS = Shifting Sand; KG = Kelogi Hills; EN = Engelosin) Outcrop Individual outcrop within geological source (NSM = Naibor Soit Main Hill; NSMH = Naibor Soit Manyata Hill; NSSO = Naibor Soit Southern Outlier; NH = Naisuisui Hill; LD1 = Lemagarut Drainage 1; LD2 = Lemagarut Drainage 2; BKE = BK East; SS = Shifting Sand; KG = Kelogi Hills; EN = Engelosin; NA = Not applicable) Specimen Individual find or sample number Material Raw material type (QTZ = "Quartz-rich"; GN = Gneiss; FGV = Fine-grained volcanic) Element concentration estimate Reported for each element (e.g., P, Cl, Ca; empty cells are "non-detect") Analytical error Reported for each element (e.g., P +/-, Cl +/-, Ca +/-; no error reported for "non-detect" elements) The published analysis focused only on granulite specimens (n = 186) and, more specifically, on six elements (Fe, Ti, Zr, K, Sr, and Y) that had detection rates >75% in the granulite specimens (that is, these elements were detected in more than 75% of the granulite specimens). These elements were used in the predictive models from the published analysis. Two of the 186 granulite specimens were missing values for five out of the six elements and were therefore not included in the statistical analyses. Of the remaining 184 specimens, 55 had missing data for one element, and two of those 55 had missing data for two elements. These missing values were treated as censored data (that is, the element is present but could not be measured precisely enough for the instrument to report a value). These missing values were interpolated in one of two ways. For those specimens subjected to replicate pXRF runs (n = 7), the missing value was replaced with the mean value of the replicates. The missing values for the remaining specimens (n = 48) were replaced with the mean of the four closest (as determined in two-dimensional space) specimens with measured (rather than interpolated) values. The main data file does not include these interpolated values. Should analysts choose to use them, interpolated values can be found in the additional .csv file. The invention and proliferation of stone tool technology in the Early Stone Age (ESA) marks a watershed in human evolution. Patterns of lithic procurement, manufacture, use, and discard have much to tell us about ESA hominin cognition and land use. However, these issues cannot be fully explored outside the context of the physical attributes and spatio-temporal availability of the lithic raw materials themselves. The Olduvai Basin of northern Tanzania, which is home to both a wide variety of potential toolstones and a rich collection of ESA archaeological sites, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the relationship between lithic technology and raw material characteristics. Here, we examine two attributes of the basin's igneous and metamorphic rocks: spatial location and fracture predictability. A total of 244 geological specimens were analyzed with non-destructive portable XRF (pXRF) to determine the geochemical distinctiveness of five primary and secondary sources, while 110 geological specimens were subjected to Schmidt rebound hardness tests to measure fracture predictability. Element concentrations derived via pXRF show significant differences between sources, and multivariate predictive models classify geological specimens with 75–80% accuracy. The predictive models identify Naibor Soit as the most likely source for a small sample of three lithic artifacts from Bed II, which supports the idea that this inselberg served as a source of toolstone during the early Pleistocene. Clear patterns in fracture predictability exist within and between both sources and rock types. Fine-grained volcanics show high rebound values (associated with high fracture predictability), while finer-grained metamorphics and coarsegrained gneisses show intermediate and low rebound values, respectively. Artifact data from Bed I and II suggest that fracture predictability played a role in raw material selection at some sites, but other attributes like durability, expediency, and nodule size and shape were more significant. A total of 244 rock specimens (aka "geological specimens") were collected from eight primary (six granulite outcrops, one gneiss outcrop, one phonolite outcrop) and one secondary (a seasonal drainage containing basalt blocks) lithic raw material sources in the Olduvai Basin. Rock specimens were flaked directly from the sources with a rockhammer. Only granulite specimens with visually quartz-rich compositions were selected. Five quartz-rich metamorphic artifacts (aka "archaeological specimens") from BK East, a ca. 1.5 million-year-old site on the south wall of the side gorge in Olduvai Gorge, were also included. Portable XRF (pXRF) analyses were conducted with an Innov-X Delta Classic Environmental Analyzer equipped with a 4W Au anode X-ray tube and a Si-PIN diode detector. All analyses were performed while the instrument was docked into a stable, hands-free test stand. An unweathered, non-cortical surface free of sediment matrix was placed over, and completely covered, the detector window. Each specimen was measured for 360 seconds using all three of the instrument's beams (120 seconds/beam). After an initial energy scale calibration test with a factory issued metal coin of known composition, the following protocol was observed: (1) a powdered sample of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2702 with elemental concentrations certified by NIST was measured; (2) four geological/archaeological specimens were then measured; (3) the fifth geological/archaeological specimen in a series was measured five times (that is, five consecutive 360-second cycles) without being moved or reoriented; (4) after the fifth geological/archaeological specimen was measured, the SRM 2702 sample was measured once again, which initiated the next series of measurements. Element concentrations were derived with the Compton Normalization correction model and the factory-set “Soil Environmental” calibration.

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2021
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2021
      License: CC 0
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  • Authors: Lefrançois, Frédéric;

    Photographs of art exhibitions

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  • Authors: Blair, Christopher; Schwartz, Joshua A.; Chu, Jonathan A.;

    Prominent research holds that the use of weapons of mass destruction is taboo. But how strong are these norms? Investigating this question among the mass public, we argue that some citizens actually support taboo policies in private but are unwilling to express counter-normative opinions openly due to fear of social sanction. These insincere norm-holders are difficult to identify empirically because they are observationally equivalent to sincere norm-holders in direct-question surveys. To overcome this challenge, we use a list design, which allows survey respondents to indirectly express sensitive opinions. The results from three list experiments show that between 10% and 17% of Americans falsify their preferences over chemical weapons use when asked directly. In an extension, we explore our framework in the realm of nuclear weapons and elite behavior. Our findings advance a specific debate on the strength of weapons taboos, while our conceptualization of insincere norm-holders and methodological application have broader implications for how scholars might think about and measure norms in international politics.

    Harvard Dataversearrow_drop_down
    Harvard Dataverse
    Dataset . 2021
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
    Collection . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dataset . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
      Collection . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://doi.org/10.25384/sage....
      Collection . 2021
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Wei, Shichao; Li, Zitong; Momigliano, Paolo; Fu, Chao; +2 Authors

    The role of geological events and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations as drivers of current patterns of genetic variation in extant species has been a topic of continued interest among evolutionary biologists. Nevertheless, comprehensive studies of widely distributed species are still rare, especially from Asia. Using geographically extensive sampling of many individuals and a large number of nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we studied the phylogeography and historical demography of Hyla annectans populations in southern China. Thirty-five sampled populations were grouped into seven clearly defined genetic clusters that closely match phenotype-based subspecies classification. These lineages diverged 2.32–5.23 million years ago, a timing that closely aligns with the rapid and drastic uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent southwest China. Demographic analyses and species distribution models indicate that different populations of this species have responded differently to past climatic changes. In the Hengduan Mountains, most populations experienced a bottleneck, whereas the populations located outside of the Hengduan Mountains have gradually declined in size since the end of the last glaciation. In addition, the levels of phenotypic and genetic divergence were strongly correlated across major clades. These results highlight the combined effects of geological events and past climatic fluctuations, as well as natural selection, as drivers of contemporary patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in a widely distributed anuran in Asia. 'SNP_data_for_H.annectans' is the SNP data for Hyla annectans in vcf formats. Which is used for the phylogeney tree, genetic structure, genetic differentiation, demographic analyses. 'Morphological_data_info' are the statistic data of snout-vent length (SVL), weight and spots numbers used for morphological analyses and QST-FST comparison. 'SDM_input_ascii' are the SDM ascii files used for SDMs. 'SDM_locality_info' are the occurrence data points of five genetic clusters for the H. annectans.

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
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    Authors: Odonne, Guillaume; van den Bel, Martijn; Burst, Maxime; Brunaux, Olivier; +14 Authors

    To decipher the long-term influences of pre-Columbian land occupations on contemporary forest structure, diversity and functioning in Amazonia, most of the previous research focused on the alluvial plains of the major rivers of the Amazon basin. Terra firme, i.e. non-flooded forests, particularly from the Guiana Shield, are yet to be explored. In this study, we aim to give new insights into the subtle traces of pre-Columbian influences on present-day forests given the archaeological context of terra firme forests of the Guiana Shield. Following archeological prospects on 13 sites in French Guiana, we carried out forest inventories inside and outside archaeological sites and assessed the potential pre-Columbian use of the sampled tree species using an original ethnobotanical database of the Guiana Shield region. Aboveground biomass (320 and 380 T.ha-1 respectively), basal area (25-30 and 30-35 m2.ha-1 respectively) and tree density (550 and 700 stem.ha-1 respectively) were all significantly lower on anthropized plots (As) than on non-anthropized plots (NAs). Ancient human presence shaped the species composition of the sampled forests with Arecaceae, Burseraceae and Lauraceae, significantly more frequent in As and Annonaceae and Lecythidaceae more frequent in NAs. While alpha diversity was not different between As and NAs, the presence of pre-Columbian sites enhances significantly the forest beta diversity at the landscape level. Finally, trees with edible fruits are positively associated with pre-Columbian sites while trees used for construction or for their bark are negatively associated with pre-Columbian sites. Half a millennium after their abandonment, former occupied places from the inner Guiana Shield still bear noticeable differences with non-anthropized places. Considering the lack of data concerning archeology of terra firme Amazonian forests, our results suggest that pre-Columbian influences on the structure (lower current biomass), diversity (higher beta diversity) and composition (linked to the past human tree uses) of current Amazonian forests might be more important than previously thought. Use Values & Plant Parts used for main forest tree species of the Guiana ShieldA binary table describing for each species (in rows), its use values (construction, firewood, human food, medicinal, arts and crafts) the used tree parts (bark, wood, fruits, leaves or flowers, exudates, underground organs). This dataset compile information from many databases of the region. Details in the published paper.UseValues.xls

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2019 . 2020
    License: CC 0
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2019 . 2020
      License: CC 0
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    Authors: Gargiulo, Roberta; Pironon, Samuel; Zheleznaya, Ekaterina; Sanchez, Michele D.; +7 Authors

    Aim: We investigated the phylogeographic history of a clonal-sexual orchid, to test the hypothesis that current patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation retain the traces of climatic fluctuations and of the species reproductive system. Location: Europe, Siberia and Russian Far East. Taxon: Cypripedium calceolus L. (Orchidaceae). Methods: Samples (>900, from 56 locations) were genotyped at eleven nuclear microsatellite loci and plastid sequences were obtained for a subset of them. Analysis of genetic structure and approximate Bayesian computations were performed. Species distribution modelling was used to explore the effects of past climatic fluctuations on the species range. Results: Analysis of genetic diversity reveals high heterozygosity and allele diversity, with no geographical trend. Three genetic clusters are identified with extant gene pools derived from ancestral demes in glacial refugia. Siberian populations exhibit different plastid haplotypes, supporting an early divergence for the Asian gene pool. Demographic results based on genetic data are compatible with an admixture event explaining differentiation in Estonia and Romania and they are consistent with past climatic dynamics inferred through species distribution modelling. Current population differentiation does not follow an isolation by distance model and is compatible with a model of isolation by colonisation. Main conclusions: The genetic differentiation observed today in C. calceolus preserves the signature of climatic fluctuations in the historical distribution range of the species. Our findings support the central role of clonal reproduction in in reducing loss of diversity through genetic drift. The dynamics of the clonal-sexual reproduction are responsible for the persistence of ancestral variation and stability during glacial periods and post-glacial expansion. Microsatellite datasetGenotypes at eleven loci for 904 individuals.In DRYAD.xlsx

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    DRYAD; ZENODO; NARCIS
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
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    DANS-EASY
    Dataset . 2019
    Data sources: B2FIND
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      DRYAD; ZENODO; NARCIS
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
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      DANS-EASY
      Dataset . 2019
      Data sources: B2FIND
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    Authors: Borella, Josh; Quigley, Mark; Riley, Moses; Trutner, Sarah; +4 Authors

    Many large cities worldwide are built on natural and engineered geological materials that are highly susceptible to liquefaction and associated ground failure in earthquakes. Constitutive equations describing relationships between sediment geotechnical characteristics, seismological parameters, and liquefaction susceptibility of natural and engineered sediments are well established. What is less understood is the role of anthropogenic landscape modifications (e.g., river channel modifications, sediment engineering and re-distribution) and infrastructure (e.g., buildings, buried infrastructure such as drainage systems) on the spatial distributions and severity of liquefaction and ground deformation. Here we use stratigraphic studies, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and analyses of high-resolution aerial photographs to evaluate surface and subsurface geological manifestations of recurrent liquefaction in anthropogenically-modified landscapes during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand. Engineered fill layers provided low density, high permeability traps that captured fluidized sediment and promoted the formation of a unique assemblage of liquefaction-induced sediment intrusions that differ from those preserved in proximal natural sediment. Subsurface drainage systems imparted significant influence on the location, size and orientations of liquefaction ejecta features. Sediments adjacent to engineered stream channels experienced large lateral strains that are unlikely to have occurred in the absence of channel modifications. Spatial variations in pre-Anthropocene topography and liquefaction-susceptible sediments exerted strong influence on the characteristics of liquefaction hazards, even in highly engineered environments. Collectively, these observations highlight important interactions between concomitant Anthropocene and pre-Anthropocene environments that should be carefully considered when interpreting the geologic effects of contemporary earthquakes and / or using pre-Anthropocene geological records to forecast future hazards. The following supplementary files are included: - Figures S.1 - S.6 - Tables S.1 - S.3 - ST.1_Supplemental Text for Figure Captions - SCPT_1 Factual Geotechnical Report - SCPT_1 CPT data.xls - SCPT_1 Seismic data.xls - Porritt Park GPR lines (unannotated) - Avondale Park (AP) GPR lines (unannotated)

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    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
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      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
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    Authors: Arroyave, Felber; Petersen, Alexander; Jenkins, Jeffrey; Hurtado, Rafael;

    Abstract Illicit wildlife trafficking poses a threat to the conservation of species and ecosystems, and represents a fundamental source of biodiversity loss, alongside climate change and large-scale land degradation. Despite the seriousness of this issue, little is known about various socio-cultural demand sources underlying trafficking networks, for example the forthright consumption of endangered species on different cultural contexts. Our study illustrates how wildlife trafficking represents a wicked problem at the intersection of criminal enforcement, cultural heritage and environmental systems management. As with similar network-based crimes, institutions are frequently ineffective at curbing wildlife trafficking, partly due to the lack of information detailing activities within illicit trading networks. To address this shortcoming, we leverage official government records documenting the illegal trade of reptiles in Colombia. As such, our study contributes to the understanding of how and why wildlife trafficking persists across robust trafficking networks, which are conduits for a broader range of black-market goods. Leveraging geo-spatial data, we construct a multiplex representation of wildlife trafficking networks, which facilitates identifying network properties that are signatures of strategic trafficker behavior. In particular, our results indicate that traffickers’ actions are constrained by spatial and market customs, a result which is apparent only within an integrated multiplex representation. Characteristic levels of sub-network coupling further indicate that traffickers strategically leverage knowledge of the entire system. We argue that this multiplex representation is essential for prioritizing crime enforcement strategies aimed at disrupting robust trade networks, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and resources allocation of institutions charged with curbing illicit trafficking. We develop a generalizable model of multiplex criminal trade networks suitable for communicating with policy makers and practitioners, thereby facilitating rapid translation into public policy and environmental conservation efforts.

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    figshare
    Collection . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    Collection . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    DRYAD
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Collection . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      Collection . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      DRYAD
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Dagnino, Ricardo; Marcos Freitas;

    Mapa dos municípios com casos confirmados de coronavírus (Covid-19) até 2/04/2020 no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Com base nos dados de Justen, Álvaro. Dados diários mais recentes do coronavírus por município brasileiro. Blog Brasil I.O., 23 março 2020. https://blog.brasil.io/2020/03/23/dados-coronavirus-por-municipio-mais-atualizados/

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    Harvard Dataverse
    Dataset . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Harvard Dataverse
      Dataset . 2020
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Harvey, Virginia; Lefebvre, Michelle; deFrance, Susan; Toftgard, Casper; +3 Authors

    Advancements in molecular science are continually improving our understanding of marine turtle biology and evolution. However, there are still considerable gaps in our understanding, such as past marine turtle distributions, which can benefit from advanced zooarchaeological analyses. Here we apply collagen fingerprinting to 130 archaeological marine turtle bone samples up to 2500 years old from the Caribbean and Florida’s Gulf Coast for faunal identification, finding the vast majority of samples (88%) to contain preserved collagen despite deposition in the tropics. All samples can be identified to species-level with the exception of the Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and olive ridley (L. olivacea) turtles, which can be separated to genus level, having diverged from one another only ~5 million years ago. Additionally, we identify a single homologous peptide that allows the separation of archaeological green turtle samples, Chelonia spp., into two distinct groups, which potentially signifies a difference in genetic stock. The majority of the archaeological samples are identified as green turtle (Chelonia spp.; 63%), with hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata; 17%) and ridley turtles (Lepidochelys spp.; 3%) making up smaller proportions of the assemblage. There were no molecular identifications of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in the assemblage despite 9% of the samples being morphologically identified as such, highlighting the difficulties in relying on morphological identifications alone in archaeological remains. Finally, we present the first marine turtle molecular phylogeny using collagen (I) amino acid sequences and find our analyses match recent phylogenies based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Our results highlight the advantage of using collagen fingerprinting to supplement morphological analyses of turtle bones and support the usefulness of this technique for assessing their past distributions across the Caribbean and Florida’s Gulf Coast, especially in these tropical environments where DNA preservation may be poor. Loggerhead turtleLoggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Caretta-caretta_FLMNH_M-54206.raw.mgfGreen turtle (Pacific)Green turtle (Chelonia mydas; Pacific clade) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Chelonia-mydas_FLMNH_57247_PACIFIC.raw.mgfGreen turtle (Atlantic)Green turtle (Chelonia mydas; Atlantic clade) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Chelonia-mydas_UF42972_ATLANTIC.raw.mgfLeatherback turtleLeatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Dermochelys-coriacea_FLMNH_37557.raw.mgfHawksbill turtleHawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Eretmochelys-imbricata_FLMNH_62368.raw.mgfKemp's ridley turtleKemp's ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Lepidochelys-kempii_FLMNH_22371.raw.mgfOlive ridley turtleOlive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Lepidochelys-olivacea_FLMNH_44952.raw.mgfFlatback turtleFlatback turtle (Natator depressus) proteome sequence file (.mgf)Natator-depressus_WAM-R177325.raw.mgf

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DRYAD; ZENODOarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DRYAD; ZENODO
    Dataset . 2019
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DRYAD; ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DRYAD; ZENODO
      Dataset . 2019
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: Datacite; ZENODO
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.