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Pharmacovigilance (PV) involves monitoring and aggregating adverse event information from a variety of data sources, including health records, biomedical literature, spontaneous adverse event reports, product labels, and patient-generated content like social media posts, but the most pertinent details in these sources are typically available in narrative free-text formats. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be used to extract clinically relevant information from PV texts to inform decision-making. We conducted a non-systematic literature review by querying the PubMed database to examine the uses of NLP in drug safety and distilled the findings to present our expert opinion on the topic. New NLP techniques and approaches continue to be applied for drug safety use cases; however, systems that are fully deployed and in use in a clinical environment remain vanishingly rare. To see high-performing NLP techniques implemented in the real setting will require long-term engagement with end users and other stakeholders and revised workflows in fully formulated business plans for the targeted use cases. Additionally, we found little to no evidence of extracted information placed into standardized data models, which should be a way to make implementations more portable and adaptable.

Archaeological evidence informs our understanding of the evolution of hominin behaviour. Such evidence is traditionally used to reconstruct hominin activities and intentions. In the Plio-Pleistocene, the presence or absence of specific tools and variation in artefact density is often used to infer foraging strategies, cognitive traits and functional activities. However, the Plio-Pleistocene archaeological record is known to be time-averaged and forms through the aggregation of repeated behavioural events over time. Thus, archaeological patterns do not reflect discrete episodes of activity, but rather the interaction of behaviour with environmental factors over time. However, little is known about how such interactions produce archaeological variation diversity. Primate archaeology can help address this research gap by providing the opportunity to observe how behaviour produces material patterns in a natural setting. This study, thus, examines how varying the material properties of stone and resource availability influence the artefactual signature of nut-cracking in a population of long-tailed macaques from Lobi Bay, Yao Noi island, Thailand. Results show that these interactions can produce a structured and diverse material signature in terms of artefact density and frequency of specific artefact types. These findings demonstrate how material patterns can emerge from long-term interactions between behaviour and environmental factors.

Abstract This paper uses a combination of EDXRF and LA-ICP-MS to analyse the chemical components including major elements and REE composition of the accompanying celadon from four different periods of tomb at the Yutu Hill burial complex on the Xunyang city site for sourcing their provenance. The combination of the two analytical methods not only provides additional data and information to explore the provenance of the accompanying celadon in the burials, but also validates the data’s accuracy. A comparison with the chemical composition of the products from several kiln sites producing celadon revealed that burials from the Eastern Han period (25–220 A.D) to the Tang dynasty (618–907 A.D) included celadon from the Hongzhou kiln, indicating the connection between the Xunyang city site and the Hongzhou kiln during these two periods. In addition, the REE composition of the accompanying celadon in tombs from the Six Dynasties (222–589 A.D) and the Sui dynasty (581–618 A.D) is very similar to that of Yue kiln celadon, despite their strikingly different appearance and shape. This paper deduces, based on the previous distribution of Yue kiln products in the Jiangxi region, that only the upper classes collected Yue kiln products during the initial period of their entry into Jiangxi during the Jin dynasty (266–420 A.D), but that during the later period of the Six Dynasties, the commoner classes also began to collect Yue kiln products.

ABSTRACT In 1675, the Rego Barros family bought the property of the Ombudsman’s Office of the Royal Exchequer of Pernambuco, where they had been Customs judges for the preceding century. This article analyzes the socioeconomic impact that the purchase of this office property and its exercise had on the Rego Barros family. The office made the family responsible for supervising all the interests of the Royal Exchequer and provided a good - if sometimes illicit - source of income that enabled the family’s social ascension. The trajectory of the Rego Barros family was directly associated with the fiscal and tax administration of the Captaincy of Pernambuco, and should therefore not be analyzed separately. For that reason, this paper cross-checks information from various sources, especially those from the Overseas Historical Archive (AHU) and from the Historical Documents of the National Library of Rio de Janeiro (DH).

Micromammals, like rodents and shrews, adapt rapidly to take advantage of new food sources, habitats and ecological niches, frequently thriving in anthropogenic environments. Their remains, often retrieved during archaeological investigations, can be a valuable source of information about the past environmental conditions as well as interspecies interactions and human activity. However, the research on such finds rarely covers multiple approaches, often relying on single species or data type (e.g. identification/information for proxy studies). Here we investigate micromammal remains from the Norse and medieval (AD tenth–fourteenth centuries) archaeological site at Tuquoy, Orkney, to elucidate the relationships between micromammals, humans and other species present using a variety of data. Four micromammal species were identified, and their species dynamics as well as relationships with humans could be inferred by tracking changes in spatial and temporal location of remains, from their taphonomic history and by age estimation for individual animals. A larger, predatory assemblage was also identified, with species composition differing from that in the rest of the archaeological assemblage, and possibly therefore representing small mammal species composition in the wild. The assemblage was probably deposited by a diurnal raptor, though identification to species is not certain due to post-depositional processes.

Additional file. 4. Meth_atlas output. Estimated cell and tissue proportions of contribution for all samples.

Abstract The exhibition Cézanne Drawing at The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) brought together an exceptional group of works on paper from public and private collections across the globe. Recognizing the inherent light sensitivity of both the paper and watercolors, controlling, and tracking light exposure was central to the exhibition planning. This concern also led to a systematic study of three watercolors in the museum’s collection, Foliage (1895), Study of Trees (1895), and Mont Sainte-Victoire (1902-06), to characterize the watercolor paints used by Cezanne in these works and their sensitivity to light exposure, and to better understand the condition of the drawings based on the palette’s chemistry. Examination and analysis were undertaken non-invasively and micro-invasively with the following techniques: Infrared Reflectography (IRR), Ultraviolet Fluorescence Photography (UVF), Raman and surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectroscopies in addition to X-Ray fluorescence analysis on small spots and large areas using portable (p-XRF) and XRF scanning, respectively. The palette for these three watercolor drawings includes lead white, bone black, vermilion, yellow ochre, chrome yellow, emerald green, viridian, cobalt blue, and synthetic alizarin and carmine lakes. Microfade testing (MFT) was performed on the paper support and spots with each identified pigment, and the data acquired was evaluated both for color change (ΔE00) and rate of color change ( $$\frac{\partial \Delta {E}_{00}}{\partial t}$$ ∂ Δ E 00 ∂ t ). Together these techniques inform the future display and loan of these and similarly fugitive watercolors in Cézanne’s oeuvre.

This study considers an estimator for the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix in time-series quantile regression models which is robust to the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. When regression errors are serially correlated, the conventional quantile regression standard errors are invalid. The proposed solution is a quantile analogue of the Newey-West robust standard errors. We establish the asymptotic properties of the heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) covariance matrix estimator and provide an optimal bandwidth selection rule. The quantile sample autocorrelation coefficient is biased toward zero in finite sample which adversely affects the optimal bandwidth estimation. We propose a simple alternative estimator that effectively reduces the finite sample bias. Numerical simulations provide evidence that the proposed HAC covariance matrix estimator significantly improves the size distortion problem. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed robust standard error, we examine the impacts of the expansion of renewable energy resources on electricity prices. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.