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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
  • 2017-2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bonča, Pavle; Marinković, Ana;

    Crtež dvojnog ljetnikovca Kaboga-Zec iz serije Diversa Cancellariae Državnog arhiva u Dubrovniku iz 1508. godine najraniji je sačuvani vizualni prikaz dubrovačke ladanjske arhitekture te donosi niz likovnih i tekstualnih podataka značajnih za razumijevanje njezina razvoja na prijelazu 15. i 16. stoljeća. Osim udvostručenog pročelja s gotičkom triforom i bočnim biforama, to se posebice odnosi na element ugaone lođe, poput lođa kakve se u simetričnom paru pojavljuju na pročeljima dvaju dubrovačkih ljetnikovaca kasnog 16. stoljeća (Sorgo-Natali i Mleci), dok je znatno ranija lođa ljetnikovca Kaboga-Zec oblikovno i funkcionalno donekle usporediva s bočnim “prohodnim” lođama ranoga 16. stoljeća. Srodnosti s objema vrstama lođa ukazuju na prijelazni oblik, odnosno na moguće najraniji primjer ugaone lođe u korpusu dubrovačke ladanjske arhitekture, a time i na lokalno podrijetlo ovoga arhitektonskog motiva.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HRČAK - Portal of sc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Radovi Instituta za Povijest Umjetnosti
    Article
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Radovi Instituta za Povijest Umjetnosti
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HRČAK - Portal of sc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Radovi Instituta za Povijest Umjetnosti
      Article
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Radovi Instituta za Povijest Umjetnosti
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pettinicchi, Yuri;

    This report documents the availability of the Automatic Verification Tool (AVT) that is used in the translation research activities of Task 4.3 of the SSHOC project. The task team describes the role of the milestone and the means of verification.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Other literature type . Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Project milestone . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Other literature type . Article . 2021
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Project milestone . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: G. Heiss, Andreas; Matterne, Véronique; Monteix, Nicolas; Tillier, Margaux; +1 Authors

    Parmi les mobiliers archéologiques figurent régulièrement des fragments de matière organique carbonisée (MOC), fréquemment assimilables à des produits végétaux transformés. Les plus grands d’entre eux laissent encore deviner leur forme d’origine, et ils peuvent être identifiés comme des artéfacts. Dans les cas où l’analyse les désigne comme des mets élaborés, le potentiel informatif de ces éléments paniformes (EPF) – potentiellement des pâtes, pains, pains plats, galettes, gâteaux, biscuits, etc. – est considérable, même si leurs composantes ne sont plus visibles macroscopiquement. Ils sont en effet le reflet direct de pratiques alimentaires en contexte domestique, ou ils participent de rites en contexte cultuel. Encore sous-exploités dans la démarche archéologique, ces EPF représentent en réalité des produits complexes, témoignant de savoir-faire culinaires dans un environnement culturel précis. Plusieurs démarches analytiques permettent d’identifier la composition de ces préparations alimentaires et de préciser certaines étapes de leur apprêt. Les grains moulus de céréales sont identifiés par l’histologie du son, en observant notamment la morphologie de certaines couches de cellules. Les pratiques boulangères sont approchées par microtomographie aux rayons X, de manière non intrusive, en observant l’aspect des pâtes, révélateur de leur façonnage (pétrissage, levée, pliage, formation d’une croûte, cuisson dans un moule, etc.). Par observation au microscope électronique à balayage, on relève aussi la présence d’impuretés ou l’adjonction d’ingrédients. L’étude des farines et des modes de préparation permet de voir en quoi les standards de qualité évoluent sur le temps long, en relation avec les caractéristiques des céréales. À titre d’illustration, les résultats des analyses de six préparations alimentaires à base de céréales, datées entre le iie s. av. J.-C. et le vie s. apr. J.-C., sont présentés dans cet article. Over the past several decades, both the philosophy of cultural, social and historical anthropology have focused on the many avenues of study relating to food, or rather modes of consumption, by focusing on the construction of individual and collective identities. As a counterpoint to these theoretical considerations, archaeological experience brings its share of concrete, though uncertain observations, discoveries, and interpretations that arise from both the artefacts and their related contexts. While raw foodstuffs –ecofacts– are regularly found and identified in archaeological contexts in the form of seeds and fruits, observations on food preparations are rarer, with less attention paid to their analysis and interpretation. These findings pose particular challenges to researchers, as they require an adequate analytical strategy for their study. Many fragments of so-called amorphous charred objects (ACO) can indeed be identified as being processed plant products. On the other hand, items that appear more complete, and whose outer form appears to be the result of intentional shaping, are often “blindly” described as breads or flatbreads. Still, these also require sophisticated technical equipment and extra care in interpretation, as even the mere hypothesis that such an object is cereal-based must be systematically verified. For this reason, it is preferable to refer to these elements as “bread-like objects” (BLO), rather than identifying them straight away as breads or dough. Examination of the surfaces, with the naked eye or by optical microscopy, in most cases does not reveal any identifiable macroscopic component; it is therefore necessary to use appropriate and non-destructive analytical methods. But why focus on the study of these seemingly rare finds anyway? In historical archaeology, the research into consumption practices is more often than not based solely on textual and epigraphic sources, which often do not reveal the phases of food preparation, or do not necessarily apply to a particular region. In contrast, archaeological remains of food preparations reflect the actual outcomes of the physical transformation of natural ingredients into elaborate dishes. Reconstructing these transformation processes by analysing the micro-structure of food remains therefore opens a new field of research leading to the possibility of reconstituting recipes. In the same vein as the previous considerations, we follow the idea that a dish or a drink represent artefacts, in the current definition as objects “predominantly shaped by human action”. We therefore consider it legitimate to evaluate processed foods, and their archaeological remains, as material witnesses to an ancient culinary heritage and we interpret them as such. This article describes the results of the analysis of six food preparations derived from cereals, discovered in Gaul and dated between the 2nd and the 6th c. CE. It also aims to elaborate on the conceptual environment in which these studies are placed, and the methodological aspects related to them. Considered as processed and shaped artefacts, the BLO can therefore be studied by referring to the concept of the chaîne opératoire (operational sequence). The ingredients, instruments and equipment used, products and by-products generated at each stage of this occasionally complex sequence are used to illustrate and reconstruct the manufacturing process, possibly supported by the experimental reproduction of the actions involved. Based on this concept of the chaîne opératoire, an objective classification of products and by-products can be attempted. Since the primary components of the preparations are no longer identifiable under a binocular magnifying glass, non-invasive imaging techniques are used to facilitate their analysis. Current approaches consist of the search for diagnostic elements to determine the plant foods used. A preliminary scanning electron microscope analysis confirms the presence of dough made from semolina or flour, derived from cereals, but also sometimes from legumes or dried fruits, such as acorns and hazelnuts. Identification of cereals is based, in particular, on tissue fragments from the outer layers of the cereal grain (commonly called “bran” as a whole), or even fragments of glumes or awns, whose micro-anatomy (histology) offer diagnostic characteristics for their identification. Starch granules and yeast spores are also sought after. Chemical approaches using mass spectrometry occasionally supplement these methods, in order to identify certain aspects of their molecular composition. In addition to the attention paid to the basic ingredients, we also endeavour to understand the succession of actions applied to the dough and the way in which they were created and prepared, as well as the cooking methods that they subsequently experienced. Protocols of study are still being refined, in particular for the recognition of fermented doughs, and the criteria that would make it possible to differentiate a bread from a flatbread, for example. Without damaging the archaeological specimen, X-ray microtomography allows for an observation of the internal structure of the dough and the gas bubbles (pores) produced by fermentation, as well as inclusions and additions of ingredients other than flour. Results from initial analysis reveal that the products studied were prepared from extremely pure flours and were very carefully ground and sieved. We note that wheat(s), but also barley are the main components, sometimes mixed, though it is not yet possible to assess the proportions of such mixtures. Examination of the doughs reveals signifcant differences in texture and structure: presence or absence of a crust, pores of varying sizes and frequency, doughs whose air has been kneaded out, etc. The first observations also highlight the high quality of the flour used for making (flat) breads from the Roman period, which appear to have been very fine and rather free of impurities (such as husk fragments). This suggests the use of ingredients that are well cleaned before milling, as well as the use of free-threshing cereals, initially lowering the proportion of inedible elements likely to be found in the flours. These findings differ from the Metal Age specimens previously studied in Europe, which appear to contain a higher frequency of bran and glume remains. The major shift from hulled towards free-threshing cereals was motivated more by technical constraints weighing on the product intended for sale, than by new dietary habits: free-threshing wheat species could be directly processed. The demand for “ready-to-use” grains has sometimes been coupled with a demand for semi-processed ingredients: in Northern Gaul, we know of certain sites from the late La Tène period documenting milling activities largely exceeding the needs of their occupants, probably partly oriented towards the supply of ground or crushed products. It is likely crucial to include the development of the bakery in this new organization of food trade networks, wherein establishments respond to urban consumers’ needs for basic food products by ensuring the entire chaîne opératoire from grinding grain to selling bread.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Galliaarrow_drop_down
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    Gallia
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Galliaarrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2022
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      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Erica von Essen; Jonathon Turnbull; Adam Searle; Finn Arne Jørgensen; +2 Authors

    Digital surveillance technologies enable a range of publics to observe the private lives of wild animals. Publics can now encounter wildlife from their smartphones, home computers, and other digital devices. These technologies generate public-wildlife relations that produce digital intimacy, but also summon wildlife into relations of care, commodification, and control. Via three case studies, this paper examines the biopolitical implications of such technologically mediated human-animal relations, which are becoming increasingly common and complex in the Digital Anthropocene. Each of our case studies involves a different biopolitical rationale deployed by a scientific-managerial regime: (1) clampdown (wild boar); (2) care (golden eagle); and (3) control (moose). Each of these modalities of biopower, however, is entangled with the other, inaugurating complex relations between publics, scientists, and wildlife. We show how digital technologies can predetermine certain representations of wildlife by encouraging particular gazes, which can have negative repercussions for public-wildlife relations in both digital and offline spaces. However, there remains work to be done to understand the positive public-wildlife relations inaugurated by digital mediation. Here, departing from much extant literature on digital human-animal relations, we highlight some of these positive potentials, notably: voice, immediacy, and agency.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Epsilon Open Archivearrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Epsilon Open Archivearrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Stella, Federico;

    El artículo versa sobre una versión latina desconocida del miʿrāǧ que el autor ha descubierto en el Archivo de la Pontificia Universidad Gregoriana dentro de un opúsculo escrito por Baldassarre Loyola Mandes S.J. (1631-1667), un príncipe musulmán marroquí convertido al cristianismo que luego entró en la Compañía de Jesús. El objetivo del artículo será demostrar cómo este miʿrāǧ latino se basó en una fuente árabe relacionada con la literatura de ḥadīṯ. Como método para alcanzar nuestro objetivo, haremos un estudio comparativo de las fuentes de las que Baldassare pudo tener conocimiento. Además, mostraremos el modo en que Baldassarre intentó no solo polemizar con la tradición islámica, sino también las estrategias que utilizó para cristianizarla.

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    Al-Qanṭara
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      Al-Qanṭara
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    Authors: Blazquez, Adéle; Le Cour Grandmaison, Romain;

    How can we account for levels of violence, numbers of internally displaced people and territorial fragmentation in Mexico that are higher than most civil wars? In contrast with the literature, which isolates violence and crime from other social processes, we build on a comparison with civil wars to account for the specificities of the regional configurations of violence in Mexico. We argue that armed actors, far from contesting the existing political institutions and system, conform to the social order to whose reproduction they thus contribute. In this introductory article of the ERLACS special collection Violent configurations of power in Mexico we look into the modes of accumulation, social-control mechanisms, and forms of representation to consider together lawful and unlawful activities, private and public actors, and legal and violent instruments. Thus, we build on the contributions of this special issue to analyze how the violent actors fit into regional political configurations.Resumen: Configuraciones regionales de violencia en México: Acumulación, control y representación¿Cómo podemos dar cuenta de los niveles de violencia, el número de desplazados internos y la fragmentación territorial en México que son más altos que la mayoría de las guerras civiles? En contraste con la literatura, que aísla la violencia y el crimen de otros procesos sociales, construimos una comparación con las guerras civiles para dar cuenta de las especificidades de las configuraciones regionales de violencia en México. Sostenemos que los actores armados, lejos de oponerse al sistema y las instituciones políticas existentes, se ajustan al orden social a cuya reproducción contribuyen. En este artículo introductorio del número especial de ERLACS Configuraciones violentas de poder en México analizamos los modos de acumulación, los mecanismos de control social y las formas de representación para considerar en conjunto actividades lícitas e ilícitas, actores públicos y privados e instrumentos legales y violentos. Así, nos basamos en los aportes de este número especial para analizar cómo los actores violentos encajan en las configuraciones políticas regionales.

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    Mexico’s so-called “War on Drugs” began as a war on poor people. This article locates the roots of Mexico’s current drug-related violence in a longer history of state terror and violence enacted against social movements and rural communities. The article traces this history by grounding it locally in the guerrerense municipality of Coyuca de Catalán. Resumen: El norte chiquito: De “guerras sucias” a guerras de drogas en Tierra Caliente de GuerreroLa mal llamada “guerra contra las drogas” en México empezó como una guerra contra los pobres. Este articulo ubica las raíces de la violencia en el México contemporáneo dentro una historia de terrorismo de estado y violencia durante la década de los años 70. Para desenredar estas raíces, el artículo ofrece una perspectiva histórica y local basada en el municipio guerrerense de Coyuca de Catalán.

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    European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
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    Authors: Willems, Marieke; Parker, Stephanie; Minichiello, Filomena;

    As defined in the SSHOC workplan, task 2.3 SSHOC web presence will cover all activities related to the design, development, roll-out and continuous update of the SSHOC web presence. An evolved SSHOC web platform will ensure a service-oriented approach to the SSHOC marketplace developed in WP7 and will act as the main project entry point providing a multi-view of the SSH landscape, according to the main research lines of the ERICs involved, namely Art and Humanities, Social Science, Linguistics. The SSHOC web platform will be conceived and structured to ensure visibility and easy access to the technologies and services resulting from WP3, as well as innovation mechanisms in data production (WP4), use cases (WP5) and training materials (WP6), targeting data producers and data re-users in the SSH disciplines, as well as industry players. The web platform will also serve as main repository for all published content and allow access to project deliverables and external resources. It will have specific sections dedicated to events and workshops; it may feature sections to collect user feedback and online surveys. It will be able to optionally host any software repository developed within SSHOC and will provide direct access points to the ERICs websites and other relevant websites, existing catalogues and virtual labs. This task will also provide branding for the Marketplace (WP7) and offer support to improve its Graphical User Interface (GUI) and end-user friendliness. Specific branding of the new services will also be provided, making their look & feel homogeneous under the SSHOC umbrella. In M36, December 2021, the fifth iteration of the SSHOC web platform was achieved (Milestone 7), this document will outline the milestone, its role and the means of verification to its achievement. This document was written in M40, upon the finalisation of the SSHOC project.

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    Authors: Carlo Emanuele Bottaini; Susana Gómez-Martínez; Rui Bordalo; Massimo Beltrame; +3 Authors

    AbstractA multidisciplinary approach has been applied to investigate the production technology of a collection of copper-based artefacts found during archaeological excavation campaigns carried out in the Almohad neighbourhood of Mārtulah, the Islamic name of modern Mértola (South of Portugal). In stark contrast to other Islamic materials found in the same site such as common and finely decorated pottery, glass, and bone artefacts, metal objects have received less attention despite the high number of artefacts recovered.This study focuses on the chemical characterisation of 171 copper-based artefacts dating back to the 12th and the first half of the thirteenth centuries. The artefacts are daily use objects and consist of personal ornaments (earrings, rings, and casket ornaments), tools (spindles, spatulas, and oil lamp sticks) and artefacts with unknown functions. The analytical results by X-ray fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) provided information not only about technological issues but infer as well on the socio-economic implications of metal consumption in Islamic Mértola. Results revealed that metals were produced using a variety of Cu-based alloys, namely unalloyed copper, brasses (Cu + Zn), bronzes (Cu + Sn), and red brasses (Cu + Sn + Zn), with a variable concentration of Pb, without any apparent consistency, as a likely result of recurrent recycling and mixing scrap metals practices or use of mineral raw materials available locally.

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    Heritage Science
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
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    Authors: Cortell-Nicolau, Alfredo; García-Puchol, Oreto; Barrera-Cruz, María; García-Rivero, Daniel;

    In the present article we use geometric microliths (a specific type of arrowhead) and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) in order to evaluate possible origin points and expansion routes for the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. In order to do so, we divide the Iberian Peninsula in four areas (Ebro river, Catalan shores, Xúquer river and Guadalquivir river) and we sample the geometric microliths existing in the sites with the oldest radiocarbon dates for each zone. On this data, we perform a partial Mantel test with three matrices: geographic distance matrix, cultural distance matrix and chronological distance matrix. After this is done, we simulate a series of partial Mantel tests where we alter the chronological matrix by using an expansion model with randomised origin points, and using the distribution of the observed partial Mantel test’s results as a summary statistic within an Approximate Bayesian Computation-Sequential Monte-Carlo (ABC-SMC) algorithm framework. Our results point clearly to a Neolithic expansion route following the Northern Mediterranean, whilst the Southern Mediterranean route could also find support and should be further discussed. The most probable origin points focus on the Xúquer river area.

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    PLoS ONE
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bonča, Pavle; Marinković, Ana;

    Crtež dvojnog ljetnikovca Kaboga-Zec iz serije Diversa Cancellariae Državnog arhiva u Dubrovniku iz 1508. godine najraniji je sačuvani vizualni prikaz dubrovačke ladanjske arhitekture te donosi niz likovnih i tekstualnih podataka značajnih za razumijevanje njezina razvoja na prijelazu 15. i 16. stoljeća. Osim udvostručenog pročelja s gotičkom triforom i bočnim biforama, to se posebice odnosi na element ugaone lođe, poput lođa kakve se u simetričnom paru pojavljuju na pročeljima dvaju dubrovačkih ljetnikovaca kasnog 16. stoljeća (Sorgo-Natali i Mleci), dok je znatno ranija lođa ljetnikovca Kaboga-Zec oblikovno i funkcionalno donekle usporediva s bočnim “prohodnim” lođama ranoga 16. stoljeća. Srodnosti s objema vrstama lođa ukazuju na prijelazni oblik, odnosno na moguće najraniji primjer ugaone lođe u korpusu dubrovačke ladanjske arhitekture, a time i na lokalno podrijetlo ovoga arhitektonskog motiva.

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    Authors: Pettinicchi, Yuri;

    This report documents the availability of the Automatic Verification Tool (AVT) that is used in the translation research activities of Task 4.3 of the SSHOC project. The task team describes the role of the milestone and the means of verification.

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    Authors: G. Heiss, Andreas; Matterne, Véronique; Monteix, Nicolas; Tillier, Margaux; +1 Authors

    Parmi les mobiliers archéologiques figurent régulièrement des fragments de matière organique carbonisée (MOC), fréquemment assimilables à des produits végétaux transformés. Les plus grands d’entre eux laissent encore deviner leur forme d’origine, et ils peuvent être identifiés comme des artéfacts. Dans les cas où l’analyse les désigne comme des mets élaborés, le potentiel informatif de ces éléments paniformes (EPF) – potentiellement des pâtes, pains, pains plats, galettes, gâteaux, biscuits, etc. – est considérable, même si leurs composantes ne sont plus visibles macroscopiquement. Ils sont en effet le reflet direct de pratiques alimentaires en contexte domestique, ou ils participent de rites en contexte cultuel. Encore sous-exploités dans la démarche archéologique, ces EPF représentent en réalité des produits complexes, témoignant de savoir-faire culinaires dans un environnement culturel précis. Plusieurs démarches analytiques permettent d’identifier la composition de ces préparations alimentaires et de préciser certaines étapes de leur apprêt. Les grains moulus de céréales sont identifiés par l’histologie du son, en observant notamment la morphologie de certaines couches de cellules. Les pratiques boulangères sont approchées par microtomographie aux rayons X, de manière non intrusive, en observant l’aspect des pâtes, révélateur de leur façonnage (pétrissage, levée, pliage, formation d’une croûte, cuisson dans un moule, etc.). Par observation au microscope électronique à balayage, on relève aussi la présence d’impuretés ou l’adjonction d’ingrédients. L’étude des farines et des modes de préparation permet de voir en quoi les standards de qualité évoluent sur le temps long, en relation avec les caractéristiques des céréales. À titre d’illustration, les résultats des analyses de six préparations alimentaires à base de céréales, datées entre le iie s. av. J.-C. et le vie s. apr. J.-C., sont présentés dans cet article. Over the past several decades, both the philosophy of cultural, social and historical anthropology have focused on the many avenues of study relating to food, or rather modes of consumption, by focusing on the construction of individual and collective identities. As a counterpoint to these theoretical considerations, archaeological experience brings its share of concrete, though uncertain observations, discoveries, and interpretations that arise from both the artefacts and their related contexts. While raw foodstuffs –ecofacts– are regularly found and identified in archaeological contexts in the form of seeds and fruits, observations on food preparations are rarer, with less attention paid to their analysis and interpretation. These findings pose particular challenges to researchers, as they require an adequate analytical strategy for their study. Many fragments of so-called amorphous charred objects (ACO) can indeed be identified as being processed plant products. On the other hand, items that appear more complete, and whose outer form appears to be the result of intentional shaping, are often “blindly” described as breads or flatbreads. Still, these also require sophisticated technical equipment and extra care in interpretation, as even the mere hypothesis that such an object is cereal-based must be systematically verified. For this reason, it is preferable to refer to these elements as “bread-like objects” (BLO), rather than identifying them straight away as breads or dough. Examination of the surfaces, with the naked eye or by optical microscopy, in most cases does not reveal any identifiable macroscopic component; it is therefore necessary to use appropriate and non-destructive analytical methods. But why focus on the study of these seemingly rare finds anyway? In historical archaeology, the research into consumption practices is more often than not based solely on textual and epigraphic sources, which often do not reveal the phases of food preparation, or do not necessarily apply to a particular region. In contrast, archaeological remains of food preparations reflect the actual outcomes of the physical transformation of natural ingredients into elaborate dishes. Reconstructing these transformation processes by analysing the micro-structure of food remains therefore opens a new field of research leading to the possibility of reconstituting recipes. In the same vein as the previous considerations, we follow the idea that a dish or a drink represent artefacts, in the current definition as objects “predominantly shaped by human action”. We therefore consider it legitimate to evaluate processed foods, and their archaeological remains, as material witnesses to an ancient culinary heritage and we interpret them as such. This article describes the results of the analysis of six food preparations derived from cereals, discovered in Gaul and dated between the 2nd and the 6th c. CE. It also aims to elaborate on the conceptual environment in which these studies are placed, and the methodological aspects related to them. Considered as processed and shaped artefacts, the BLO can therefore be studied by referring to the concept of the chaîne opératoire (operational sequence). The ingredients, instruments and equipment used, products and by-products generated at each stage of this occasionally complex sequence are used to illustrate and reconstruct the manufacturing process, possibly supported by the experimental reproduction of the actions involved. Based on this concept of the chaîne opératoire, an objective classification of products and by-products can be attempted. Since the primary components of the preparations are no longer identifiable under a binocular magnifying glass, non-invasive imaging techniques are used to facilitate their analysis. Current approaches consist of the search for diagnostic elements to determine the plant foods used. A preliminary scanning electron microscope analysis confirms the presence of dough made from semolina or flour, derived from cereals, but also sometimes from legumes or dried fruits, such as acorns and hazelnuts. Identification of cereals is based, in particular, on tissue fragments from the outer layers of the cereal grain (commonly called “bran” as a whole), or even fragments of glumes or awns, whose micro-anatomy (histology) offer diagnostic characteristics for their identification. Starch granules and yeast spores are also sought after. Chemical approaches using mass spectrometry occasionally supplement these methods, in order to identify certain aspects of their molecular composition. In addition to the attention paid to the basic ingredients, we also endeavour to understand the succession of actions applied to the dough and the way in which they were created and prepared, as well as the cooking methods that they subsequently experienced. Protocols of study are still being refined, in particular for the recognition of fermented doughs, and the criteria that would make it possible to differentiate a bread from a flatbread, for example. Without damaging the archaeological specimen, X-ray microtomography allows for an observation of the internal structure of the dough and the gas bubbles (pores) produced by fermentation, as well as inclusions and additions of ingredients other than flour. Results from initial analysis reveal that the products studied were prepared from extremely pure flours and were very carefully ground and sieved. We note that wheat(s), but also barley are the main components, sometimes mixed, though it is not yet possible to assess the proportions of such mixtures. Examination of the doughs reveals signifcant differences in texture and structure: presence or absence of a crust, pores of varying sizes and frequency, doughs whose air has been kneaded out, etc. The first observations also highlight the high quality of the flour used for making (flat) breads from the Roman period, which appear to have been very fine and rather free of impurities (such as husk fragments). This suggests the use of ingredients that are well cleaned before milling, as well as the use of free-threshing cereals, initially lowering the proportion of inedible elements likely to be found in the flours. These findings differ from the Metal Age specimens previously studied in Europe, which appear to contain a higher frequency of bran and glume remains. The major shift from hulled towards free-threshing cereals was motivated more by technical constraints weighing on the product intended for sale, than by new dietary habits: free-threshing wheat species could be directly processed. The demand for “ready-to-use” grains has sometimes been coupled with a demand for semi-processed ingredients: in Northern Gaul, we know of certain sites from the late La Tène period documenting milling activities largely exceeding the needs of their occupants, probably partly oriented towards the supply of ground or crushed products. It is likely crucial to include the development of the bakery in this new organization of food trade networks, wherein establishments respond to urban consumers’ needs for basic food products by ensuring the entire chaîne opératoire from grinding grain to selling bread.

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    Authors: Erica von Essen; Jonathon Turnbull; Adam Searle; Finn Arne Jørgensen; +2 Authors

    Digital surveillance technologies enable a range of publics to observe the private lives of wild animals. Publics can now encounter wildlife from their smartphones, home computers, and other digital devices. These technologies generate public-wildlife relations that produce digital intimacy, but also summon wildlife into relations of care, commodification, and control. Via three case studies, this paper examines the biopolitical implications of such technologically mediated human-animal relations, which are becoming increasingly common and complex in the Digital Anthropocene. Each of our case studies involves a different biopolitical rationale deployed by a scientific-managerial regime: (1) clampdown (wild boar); (2) care (golden eagle); and (3) control (moose). Each of these modalities of biopower, however, is entangled with the other, inaugurating complex relations between publics, scientists, and wildlife. We show how digital technologies can predetermine certain representations of wildlife by encouraging particular gazes, which can have negative repercussions for public-wildlife relations in both digital and offline spaces. However, there remains work to be done to understand the positive public-wildlife relations inaugurated by digital mediation. Here, departing from much extant literature on digital human-animal relations, we highlight some of these positive potentials, notably: voice, immediacy, and agency.

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    Authors: Stella, Federico;

    El artículo versa sobre una versión latina desconocida del miʿrāǧ que el autor ha descubierto en el Archivo de la Pontificia Universidad Gregoriana dentro de un opúsculo escrito por Baldassarre Loyola Mandes S.J. (1631-1667), un príncipe musulmán marroquí convertido al cristianismo que luego entró en la Compañía de Jesús. El objetivo del artículo será demostrar cómo este miʿrāǧ latino se basó en una fuente árabe relacionada con la literatura de ḥadīṯ. Como método para alcanzar nuestro objetivo, haremos un estudio comparativo de las fuentes de las que Baldassare pudo tener conocimiento. Además, mostraremos el modo en que Baldassarre intentó no solo polemizar con la tradición islámica, sino también las estrategias que utilizó para cristianizarla.

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    Authors: Blazquez, Adéle; Le Cour Grandmaison, Romain;

    How can we account for levels of violence, numbers of internally displaced people and territorial fragmentation in Mexico that are higher than most civil wars? In contrast with the literature, which isolates violence and crime from other social processes, we build on a comparison with civil wars to account for the specificities of the regional configurations of violence in Mexico. We argue that armed actors, far from contesting the existing political institutions and system, conform to the social order to whose reproduction they thus contribute. In this introductory article of the ERLACS special collection Violent configurations of power in Mexico we look into the modes of accumulation, social-control mechanisms, and forms of representation to consider together lawful and unlawful activities, private and public actors, and legal and violent instruments. Thus, we build on the contributions of this special issue to analyze how the violent actors fit into regional political configurations.Resumen: Configuraciones regionales de violencia en México: Acumulación, control y representación¿Cómo podemos dar cuenta de los niveles de violencia, el número de desplazados internos y la fragmentación territorial en México que son más altos que la mayoría de las guerras civiles? En contraste con la literatura, que aísla la violencia y el crimen de otros procesos sociales, construimos una comparación con las guerras civiles para dar cuenta de las especificidades de las configuraciones regionales de violencia en México. Sostenemos que los actores armados, lejos de oponerse al sistema y las instituciones políticas existentes, se ajustan al orden social a cuya reproducción contribuyen. En este artículo introductorio del número especial de ERLACS Configuraciones violentas de poder en México analizamos los modos de acumulación, los mecanismos de control social y las formas de representación para considerar en conjunto actividades lícitas e ilícitas, actores públicos y privados e instrumentos legales y violentos. Así, nos basamos en los aportes de este número especial para analizar cómo los actores violentos encajan en las configuraciones políticas regionales.

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    Mexico’s so-called “War on Drugs” began as a war on poor people. This article locates the roots of Mexico’s current drug-related violence in a longer history of state terror and violence enacted against social movements and rural communities. The article traces this history by grounding it locally in the guerrerense municipality of Coyuca de Catalán. Resumen: El norte chiquito: De “guerras sucias” a guerras de drogas en Tierra Caliente de GuerreroLa mal llamada “guerra contra las drogas” en México empezó como una guerra contra los pobres. Este articulo ubica las raíces de la violencia en el México contemporáneo dentro una historia de terrorismo de estado y violencia durante la década de los años 70. Para desenredar estas raíces, el artículo ofrece una perspectiva histórica y local basada en el municipio guerrerense de Coyuca de Catalán.

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    European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Willems, Marieke; Parker, Stephanie; Minichiello, Filomena;

    As defined in the SSHOC workplan, task 2.3 SSHOC web presence will cover all activities related to the design, development, roll-out and continuous update of the SSHOC web presence. An evolved SSHOC web platform will ensure a service-oriented approach to the SSHOC marketplace developed in WP7 and will act as the main project entry point providing a multi-view of the SSH landscape, according to the main research lines of the ERICs involved, namely Art and Humanities, Social Science, Linguistics. The SSHOC web platform will be conceived and structured to ensure visibility and easy access to the technologies and services resulting from WP3, as well as innovation mechanisms in data production (WP4), use cases (WP5) and training materials (WP6), targeting data producers and data re-users in the SSH disciplines, as well as industry players. The web platform will also serve as main repository for all published content and allow access to project deliverables and external resources. It will have specific sections dedicated to events and workshops; it may feature sections to collect user feedback and online surveys. It will be able to optionally host any software repository developed within SSHOC and will provide direct access points to the ERICs websites and other relevant websites, existing catalogues and virtual labs. This task will also provide branding for the Marketplace (WP7) and offer support to improve its Graphical User Interface (GUI) and end-user friendliness. Specific branding of the new services will also be provided, making their look & feel homogeneous under the SSHOC umbrella. In M36, December 2021, the fifth iteration of the SSHOC web platform was achieved (Milestone 7), this document will outline the milestone, its role and the means of verification to its achievement. This document was written in M40, upon the finalisation of the SSHOC project.

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    ZENODO
    Article . Project milestone . 2021
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    Authors: Carlo Emanuele Bottaini; Susana Gómez-Martínez; Rui Bordalo; Massimo Beltrame; +3 Authors

    AbstractA multidisciplinary approach has been applied to investigate the production technology of a collection of copper-based artefacts found during archaeological excavation campaigns carried out in the Almohad neighbourhood of Mārtulah, the Islamic name of modern Mértola (South of Portugal). In stark contrast to other Islamic materials found in the same site such as common and finely decorated pottery, glass, and bone artefacts, metal objects have received less attention despite the high number of artefacts recovered.This study focuses on the chemical characterisation of 171 copper-based artefacts dating back to the 12th and the first half of the thirteenth centuries. The artefacts are daily use objects and consist of personal ornaments (earrings, rings, and casket ornaments), tools (spindles, spatulas, and oil lamp sticks) and artefacts with unknown functions. The analytical results by X-ray fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) provided information not only about technological issues but infer as well on the socio-economic implications of metal consumption in Islamic Mértola. Results revealed that metals were produced using a variety of Cu-based alloys, namely unalloyed copper, brasses (Cu + Zn), bronzes (Cu + Sn), and red brasses (Cu + Sn + Zn), with a variable concentration of Pb, without any apparent consistency, as a likely result of recurrent recycling and mixing scrap metals practices or use of mineral raw materials available locally.

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    Heritage Science
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2021
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2021
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    Authors: Cortell-Nicolau, Alfredo; García-Puchol, Oreto; Barrera-Cruz, María; García-Rivero, Daniel;

    In the present article we use geometric microliths (a specific type of arrowhead) and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) in order to evaluate possible origin points and expansion routes for the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. In order to do so, we divide the Iberian Peninsula in four areas (Ebro river, Catalan shores, Xúquer river and Guadalquivir river) and we sample the geometric microliths existing in the sites with the oldest radiocarbon dates for each zone. On this data, we perform a partial Mantel test with three matrices: geographic distance matrix, cultural distance matrix and chronological distance matrix. After this is done, we simulate a series of partial Mantel tests where we alter the chronological matrix by using an expansion model with randomised origin points, and using the distribution of the observed partial Mantel test’s results as a summary statistic within an Approximate Bayesian Computation-Sequential Monte-Carlo (ABC-SMC) algorithm framework. Our results point clearly to a Neolithic expansion route following the Northern Mediterranean, whilst the Southern Mediterranean route could also find support and should be further discussed. The most probable origin points focus on the Xúquer river area.

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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ; PLoS ONE
    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Apollo
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      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Apollo
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      Data sources: UnpayWall
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      Data sources: Apollo
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      Apollo
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      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      Apollo
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      Data sources: Datacite
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