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Introduction Vers la fin de sa vie, au cours du discours prononcé à l’occasion de son Jubilé cinquantenaire d’économiste à l’Université de Lausanne, intitulé « Ruchonnet et le socialisme scientifique », Léon Walras remarquait : Il est certain, d’abord, que la détermination du salaire au moyen de grèves et de lock-outs, c’est-à-dire, en définitive, par échange de coups de pierre, contre coups de fusil, est un procédé sauvage. Mais il l’est également que, pour substituer à ce procédé celui de l...

Historien médiéviste et grande figure de l’historiographie d’al-Andalus et du Maghreb, Pierre Guichard nous a quittés le 6 avril 2021. Né en 1939 à la Côte-Saint-André (Isère), P. Guichard a reçu l’essentiel de sa formation à l’université de Lyon. Rien dans son histoire familiale ou de sa formation initiale ne le prédestinait à travailler sur al-Andalus ou le Maghreb, mais un court séjour en Algérie a été déterminant dans son orientation future. En effet, en juillet-août 1959, il effectua un ...

Le gouvernement du Centre de recherches et d’instructions de Bouleuse me coûte beaucoup et ne me rapportera rien. Je ne suis pas fait pour gouverner, et j’ai assez de secouer les inerties inutilement. Je ne peux pas travailler pour moi. Depuis 1914, j’ai dû laisser, faute de temps pour lire et écrire, une riche moisson… que d’autres cueillent. C’est la guerre. Pensons à ceux qui sont morts, et jugeons-nous, comme il est exact, très privilégiés.Claudius Regaud, 18 janvier 1918. Le Groupement d...

The Lateglacial (14,700-11,700 cal BP) is a key climate period marked by rapid but contrasted changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Indeed, regional climate differences have been evidenced during the Lateglacial in Europe and the Northern Mediterranean areas. However, past climate patterns are still debated since temperature and precipitation changes are poorly investigated towards the lower European latitudes. Lake Matese in Southern Italy is a key site in the Central Mediterranean to investigate climate patterns during the Lateglacial. This study aims to reconstruct climate changes and their impacts at Matese using a multi-proxy approach including magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry (XRF core scanning), pollen data and molecular biomarkers like branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (brGDGTs). Palaeotemperatures and -precipitation patterns are quantitatively inferred from pollen assemblages (multi-method approach: Modern Analogue Technique, Weighted Averaging Partial Least Squares regression, Random Forest, and Boosted Regression Trees) and brGDGTs calibrations. The results are compared to a latitudinal selection of regional climate reconstructions in Italy to better understand climate processes in Europe and in the circum-Mediterranean region. A warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas are revealed in all climate reconstructions inferred from various proxies (chironomids, ostracods, speleothems, pollen, brGDGTs), showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. During the Bølling–Allerød, no significant changes in terms of precipitation are recorded, however, a contrasted pattern is visible during the Younger Dryas. Slightly wetter conditions are recorded south of latitude 42°N whereas dry conditions are recorded north of latitude 42°N. During the Younger Dryas, cold conditions can be attributed to the southward position of North Atlantic sea-ice and of the Polar Frontal JetStream whereas the increase of precipitation is Southern Italy seems to be linked to relocation of Atlantic storm tracks into the Mediterranean, induced by the Fennoscandian ice sheet and the North European Plain. By contrast, during the Bølling–Allerød warm conditions can be linked to the northward position of North Atlantic sea-ice and of the Polar Frontal JetStream. International audience

Les théories féministes appliquées aux études visuelles ont permis d’interroger le rôle des stéréotypes de genre, conçus comme catégorie de visualisation et de contrôle du corps des femmes à l’heure de la reproductibilité technique. C’est en suivant son évolution tout au long du xixe siècle, à travers la caricature et l’illustration de presse, qu’il s’agit d’interpréter l’assignation des femmes aux activités domestiques, la misogynie subie par celles qui s’en écartent, et la création de types et de contretypes dans les espaces de l’art. Face à la normalisation des comportements et des affects, les stéréotypes du peintre de bohème, de la femme artiste bas-bleu et de l’esthète homosexuel représentent autant de figures artistiques repoussantes et fascinantes à interroger. L’espace de vision devient un champ somatique de stigmatisation et de contestation politique des normes, qui façonne en retour les regards portés par la modernité. Feminist theories applied to the visual arts have enabled putting into question the role of gender stereotypes, understood as a category for the visualization and the control of the bodies of women under mechanical reproduction. It is in following its evolution throughout the 19th century through caricature and press illustration that it becomes possible to interpret the assignation of women to domestic roles, the misogyny confronting those stepping out of type, and the creation of types and counter-types in the space devoted to art. Confronted with the normalisation of behaviours and affects, the stereotypes of the Bohemian painter, blue-stocking female artist and homosexual aesthete are so many repulsive figures fascinating to explore. Visual spaces become a somatic field of stigmatization and of political contestation of norms, which fashion in return the gazes modernity allows. International audience

The Geobiodiversity Database (GBDB – www.geobiodiversity.com), an integrated system for the management and analysis of stratigraphic and paleontological information, was started in 2006 and became available online in 2007. Its goal is to facilitate regional and global scientific collaborations focused on regional and global correlation, quantitative stratigraphy, systematics, biodiversity dynamics, paleogeography and paleoecology. It is unique among global, public access databases in that it is a section-based online database system, incorporating data from a wide range of disciplines of stratigraphy and paleontology, with inherent interrelationship between different kinds of data sets. It provides the capability of completely digitizing raw data, as well as integrating of different interpretations to the same paleontological and stratigraphic content. Several Windows-based visualization and analysis applications, either fully integrated with the database or supported by subset-export functions, have been developed to make the database more useful as a scientific and educational tool. The GBDB became the formal database of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) in August 2012 at the 34th International Geological Congress in Brisbane, and will produce comprehensive and authoritative web-based stratigraphic information service for global geoscientists, educators and the public.