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The thesis follows the origin, the course and the consequences of four successive wars in Africa on the Gold Coast. In these wars, there an interesting intertwining of local African polities and trading rivalry of European states in the region, namely England and United provinces. The thesis describes the wars mainly from European perspective, and within its frameworks, it also describes the general coexistence of Europeans, living on the trading forts in Guinea bay and native Africans, the way how Europeans engaged themselves in Africa and the way local politics and politics of the European trading companies worked. Práce se věnuje vzniku, průběhu a důsledkům čtyř posloupných válek v Africe na Zlatonosném pobřeží. Ve válkách se zajímavě kloubily zájmy afrických království a obchodní rivalita evropských států v regionu, jmenovitě Anglie a Spojených provincií. Práce války popisuje hlavně z evropské perspektivy, a zároveň je v jejím rámci i celkově popsaná koexistence Evropanů, žijících v pevnostech na pobřeží Guinejského zálivu a domorodých Afričanů, způsob, jakým se Evropané v Africe angažovali a fungování místní politiky domorodých států a evropských obchodních společností. Obhájeno

This paper reviews the aims, context, approach and early outcomes of a new transnational participative archaeology project focussed on rural village communities. ‘Community Archaeology in Rural Environments Meeting Societal Challenges’ (CARE-MSoC) includes three European countries where participative community archaeology is new- the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Poland. CARE-MSoC aims to explore the feasibility, value and impact of excavation by rural residents within their home communities by using a method which can be deployed anywhere and which in the UK has been shown to advance knowledge of the past while also delivering a wide range of social and heritage benefits: multiple test pit excavation within inhabited villages. Data presented here from the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Poland show the activity to be popular and effective here in benefitting people while also attracting, sustaining and growing local interest in heritage participation in all three countries.