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Denna Vetenskapliga bilaga till boken Sven Ljungberg, målare (Bonniers 1986) innehåller noter till alla bokens kapitel med de källor som åberopas samt en förteckning av de källor och den litteratur, som ligger till grund för Anne Lidéns forskning om Sven Ljungbergs konst. Dessutom innehåller bilagan även en bildförteckning med titel och årtal över de 200 konstverk som presenteras i bokens illustrationer. I denna version även en kronologi över åren 1913-1985 i Sven Ljungbergs liv (1913- 2010). Den Vetenskapliga bilagan har framlagts som doktorandrapport vid Konstvetenskaliga institutionen, Stockholms universitet, HT 1986, som ett vetenskaplig komplement till boken när den publicerades. Anne Lidén, Boken Sven Ljungberg målare, Bonniers 1986

High-resolution geophysical evidence on the seafloor morphology and acoustic stratigraphy of the Yermak Plateau and northern Svalbard margin between 79°20′ and 81°30′N and 5° and 22°E is presented. Geophysical datasets are derived from swath bathymetry and sub-bottom acoustic profiling and are combined with existing cores to derive chronological control. Seafloor landforms, in the form of ice-produced lineations, iceberg ploughmarks of various dimensions (including features over 80 m deep and down to about 1000 m), and a moat indicating strong currents are found. The shallow stratigraphy of the Yermak Plateau shows three acoustic units: the first with well-developed stratification produced by hemipelagic sedimentation, often draped over a strong and undulating internal reflector; a second with an undulating upper surface and little acoustic penetration, indicative of the action of ice; a third unit of an acoustically transparent facies, resulting from debris flows. Core chronology suggests a MIS 6 age for the undulating seafloor above about 580 m. There are several possible explanations, including: (a) the flow of a major grounded ice sheet across the plateau crest from Svalbard (least likely given the consolidation state of the underlying sediments); (b) the more transient encroachment of relatively thin ice from Svalbard; or (c) the drift across the plateau of an ice-shelf remnant or megaberg from the Arctic Basin. The latter is our favoured explanation given the evidence currently at our disposal.

This thesis aims to build upon previous research into contamination and its effects on isotopes by focusing on the strontium isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr), which is used in mobility studies to study the movements of past humans and animals and to build past economic trading networks. Contamination is a broad topic, and in the scope of this thesis, it concerns the introduction of contaminants from the soil after interment and the post-excavation preservation efforts. Due to these effects, this thesis analyzed three types of adhesives and consolidants that were or are still in use. These include strontium-containing glues, specifically animal-based glues, as well as “Karlsons klister,” which was identified as polyvinyl acetate, and epoxy resins. The latter are used to stabilize and mount small materials, such as otoliths. In addition, this thesis aims to focus on the methodological development of pretreatment methods for bones, using the Swedish Early Christians as a focus and comparing the results to the tooth enamel of the same individuals. The Christianization period in Sweden overlaps the Late Viking Age and the Early Medieval period, between the 8th and the 11th centuries. This period saw dynamic changes, which initiated the movement of people to Christianized areas. Two sites were the primary focus of this thesis, Varnhem in southwestern Sweden, which contains one of the earliest Christian communities in Sweden, and Västerhus, a well-studied site in northern Sweden, which was constructed during a period of rapid infrastructure growth. These two sites not only differ in period of use, and cemetery size, but also in regard to whether individuals were local or non-local based on their 87Sr/86Sr results. In addition, this thesis introduces the differences in individual diets using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Four experiments were conducted for this thesis: two were manual contamination experiments on uncontaminated modern skeletal tissues, horse bone and cod otoliths, which were contaminated with animal-based glues and epoxy resin, respectively. These experiments tested the effects of the contamination on the biogenic 87Sr/86Sr values. The final two experiments focused on the two early Christian sites and evaluated these individuals' mobility using their enamel and bone. The enamel recorded the intra-individual strontium consumption during tooth formation so that they could be aged to site arrival. The bones from these sites were tested for diagenesis, and the coating on the Västerhus bones was identified. Then the efficacy of two pretreatment methods was tested against these types of contamination. The adhesives produced varying effects on the 87Sr/86Sr values. The strontium-containing glues affected the biogenic values of the horse bone, the resin did not appear to affect the otolith values, and the “Karlsons klister” did not appear to affect the 87Sr/86Sr values in the Västerhus bones. Neither the ashing nor the washing method effectively removed the contamination from the animal-based glues; however, it did appear to affect the values in the diagenetically altered bones.

Dieser Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse technologischer, funktionaler und stilistischer Analysen von Keramik zweier frühneolithischer Fundplätze auf Öland- Resmo und Runsbäck. Die Analysen enthalten Dünnschliffuntersuchungen und Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyen von Rohtonen und Keramik, ebenso wie Lipidanalysen und stilistische Untersuchungen. Die beiden Fundplätze liegen 15 km voneinander entfernt auf der Westseite der Insel. C14-Daten weisen jeweils auf Aktivitäten im Zeitraum von ca. 3900-3600 BC und 3600-3100 BC. Trotz genereller Ähnlichkeiten sind einige Unterschiede in Stil und Warenart zu verzeichnen, wogegen die Gebrauchsmuster der Gefäße auf den beiden Fundplätzen auffallend ähnlich sind. Grundsätzlich ist für das Resmo-Inventar charakterisiert durch eine große Homogenität, wogegen die Runsbäck Keramik größere Variabilität zeigt. Die beobachteten Unterschiede werden auf unterschiedliche Funktionen und Belegungsdauer der beiden Fundplätze zurückgeführt. This paper presents results of technical, functional and stylistic analyses on pottery from two Early Neolithic sites on Öland – Resmo and Runsbäck. Analyses include thin sections and XRF of clays and wares, lipid residue analysis and recording of stylistic attributes. The two sites are situated 15 km apart on the west side of the island. C14 dates place the activities at the sites at c. 3900–3600 BC and 3600–3100 BC respectively. While overall similarities are obvious, some structured differences are noted in the design as well as in the wares whereas vessel use patterns are strikingly similar between the two assemblages. In general, the Resmo assemblage is characterised by great homogeneity while the Runsbäck pottery displays more variation. It is suggested that the observed differences reflect differences in function and duration between the analysed sites.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian society faced a new reality. The new reality involved consolidation and transformation of collective identities. The reinvigoration of national identity led to a change in the emphasis on how the past was dealt with – many things which were regarded as negative by the Soviet regime became presented as positive in independent Ukraine. The war-time nationalist movement, represented by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), became one of the re-configured themes of history. While most of the studies of memory of the OUN and UPA concentrated on the use of the history of the OUN and UPA by nationalist parties, this study goes beyond the analysis of such use of history and scrutinizes the meaning of this history in nation- and state-building processes in relation to memory work realized on the small-scale regional and local levels with the main focus on Rivne and Rivne oblast’. Moreover, this book focusses not only on the “producers” of memory, but also on the “consumers” of memory, the area which is largely understudied in the field of memory studies. In the book the main emphasis is put on monuments which are regarded as catalysts and symptoms of memory. The present study showed that the OUN and UPA are used more as the metaphors of the anti-Soviet and anti-communist struggle for independence than as historical entities. This past is largely mythologized. Functioning as a myth the memory of the OUN and UPA obliterates difficult knowledge that the historical research reveals on the questionable activities and ideology of those organizations. As a result, the past of the OUN and UPA is re-imagined, re-filled with new meanings so that it is used along even with the democratic and pro-European claims in the present. It was especially well-observed during the Orange Revolution in 2004 and during the Euromaidan in 2013-2014, when the European Union’s flags were seen next to the OUN’s red-and-black flags or when the pro-European slogans were proclaimed alongside the OUN and UPA slogans. At the same time, the results demonstrated an intricate complexity of memory work shaped by intensive dynamics of private and public, grassroots and official, local and national encounters. Although there have been attempts made by political actors to draw a direct link between the national identity, political allegiances and proposed heroic version of memory, the study showed, that such attempts did not really work. In the pluralistic context the meanings are too fluid and adherence to one version of history does not preclude adherences to other versions of history which are presented as diametrically opposite in the political sphere. As result, on the recipients’ grassroots level, the memory reveals its amalgamated characteristics. Drawing on studies about post-colonial subjectivities and theories of remediation developed in memory studies, this book explores the changes in memory culture of contemporary Ukraine and examines the role of memory in producing new meanings under the rapidly changing conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union up to 2014. The book contributes to the studies of memory culture in post-Communist countries as well as to the studies of society in contemporary Ukraine.

Denna uppsats syftar till att diskutera vinylskivan och dess omslags estetiska utveckling under 1900-talet samt hur vinylskivan har fungerat som musikmedium. Vinylskivans omslag kommer att diskuteras utifrån hur det har påverkat skivmarknaden under tiden vinylskivan var det rådande musikformatet. Uppsatsen kommer också att undersöka tre skivomslag för att undersöka bruket av kvinnligt kodade kroppar inom populärmusik och varför dessa har blivit utvalda att representera musiken inom musikmediet “skivomslag”. Det kommer att ske en utvecklad version av Erwin Panofskys ikonografisk bildanalys med hjälp av Roland Barthes semiotiska metod.Jag kommer att använda Sébastien Telliers album Sexuality (2008), The Strokes album Is This It (2001) och Kesha’s album Rainbow (2017) i analysen. Jag kommer att ta hänsyn till skillnader och likheter av utförandet kring skivomslaget om det är en manlig upphovsperson respektive kvinnlig upphovsperson. I uppsatsen kommer det också ske en diskussion kring skivmediumet i sig och vad skivans förpackningen inom musikmarknaden har betytt för konsumtionen med dessa bildmotiv. Uppsatsen består av två kapitel, det första kapitlet fokuserar på vinylskivan och dess designutveckling och i kapitel två kommer den ikonografiska/semiotiska bildanalysen att avhandlas. Uppsatsen avslutas i en avslutande diskussion och en sammanfattning.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate the deformed Viking swords as seen in the historical Swedish province of Uplands during the Late Iron Age.Three sites have been selected for their concentration of deformed and fragmented swords,as well as other phenomena that are part of the phenomenon. Birka,Kiplingeberg and Söderby are the three choose parts of Upland chosen for the similarities and difference of the swords appearing in cremation graves. To get a deeper understanding of the phenomenon beyond “killing of an object”, the theoretical perspective of charismatic objects, personhood and ritual theories have been used to approachthe swords.This will allow the essay to address the question of why different forms of swords appear and discuss who the form was for.

Educational content recommendation is a cornerstone of AI-enhanced learning. In particular, to facilitate navigating the diverse learning resources available on learning platforms, methods are needed for automatically linking learning materials, e.g., in order to recommend textbook content based on exercises. Such methods are typically based on semantic textual similarity (STS) and the use of embeddings for text representation. However, it remains unclear what types of embeddings should be used for this task. In this study, we carry out an extensive empirical evaluation of embeddings derived from three different types of models: (i) static embeddings trained using a concept-based knowledge graph, (ii) contextual embeddings from a pre-trained language model, and (iii) contextual embeddings from a large language model (LLM). In addition to evaluating the models individually, various ensembles are explored based on different strategies for combining two models in an early vs. late fusion fashion. The evaluation is carried out using digital textbooks in Swedish for three different subjects and two types of exercises. The results show that using contextual embeddings from an LLM leads to superior performance compared to the other models, and that there is no significant improvement when combining these with static embeddings trained using a knowledge graph. When using embeddings derived from a smaller language model, however, it helps to combine them with knowledge graph embeddings. The performance of the best-performing model is high for both types of exercises, resulting in a mean Recall@3 of 0.96 and 0.95 and a mean MRR of 0.87 and 0.86 for quizzes and study questions, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using STS based on text embeddings for educational content recommendation. The ability to link digital learning materials in an unsupervised manner—relying only on readily available pre-trained models—facilitates the development of AI-enhanced learning.

The thesis focuses on how students learn history in the classroom, more precisely on their possibilities and difficulties in developing competence in the school subject of history. There is a particular emphasis on how they explain and understand historical processes and concepts within the subject of history. Participants are students of different grades, 8–19 years old. The purpose of the study is to explore how students learn history in concrete learning situations and my focus is on the types of knowledge students understand, learn, develop and use in comparison with what they are expected to learn. This is done based on three fundamental and well-established principles of learning. To examine what kinds of knowledge students need I use three main types of knowledge: declarative content knowledge (facts and concepts), procedural knowledge (knowledge about how to do things) and self-regulatory knowledge (knowledge about how to regulate our memory, thought and learning). I also use concepts and insights from systemic functional linguistics (SFL) in order to explain why the students use language and communicate the way they do. The thesis shows that history is challenging for young students. Young students have difficulties with complex and abstract concepts in history as they treat concepts as facts. Older, more competent, students use concepts on a more abstract level and use different kinds of linguistic resources when formulating explanations of higher complexity, more similar to the way explanations in the domain of history are commonly written. The youngest students and some of the older students lacked factual knowledge, concept knowledge, domain specific self-regulatory knowledge and linguistic resources. Declarative content knowledge and facts are more important and more difficult for young students to understand, develop, organize and learn than previous scholars have shown empirically. Students’ abilities to understand facts and ideas in the context of a conceptual framework and to organize and structure facts with the help of concepts at different level of abstraction (conceptual understanding) are crucial. Students also need linguistic resources, both lexical knowledge and knowledge of text structures. Language is crucial both in the process of acquiring knowledge and in the process of communication. In the learning process, teaching is crucial, since individual students’ potential to develop competence depend on the potential of the teacher to discover and engage their preconceptions and arrange for learning in a way that give students the kind of knowledge they need.