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Une opération d’archéologie préventive menée dans la commune d’Allonnes (Eure-et-Loir) a révélé une partie d’une vaste nécropole mérovingienne, ainsi que plusieurs petits groupes de tombes situées à sa périphérie. L’intervention a permis de caractériser l’occupation funéraire tant d’un point de vue spatial que chronologique et de cerner certains aspects des pratiques sépulcrales. Elle a notamment conduit à la mise au jour de plusieurs inhumations en sarcophages de plâtre, regroupées au sein de l’un des ensembles satellites. Si l’utilisation de ce type de contenant funéraire est bien documentée pour l’Île-de-France et la Normandie, elle n’était jusqu’alors connue pour la région Centre-Val de Loire que par quelques découvertes anciennes. Il n’en est fait mention dans aucune des synthèses chrono-typologiques régionales publiées à ce jour. La découverte réalisée à Allonnes permet en ce sens d’enrichir les connaissances archéologiques sur la diversité des pratiques funéraires adoptées dans ce secteur géographique durant le haut Moyen Âge. A rescue excavation in the village of Allonnes (Eure-et-Loir) led to the discovery of a portion of a large Merovingian necropolis, as well as several smaller groups of tombs located in its periphery. The excavation allowed to characterize the funerary occupation both spatially and chronologically, and it provided information on the burial practices. In particular, it led to the discovery of several plaster sarcophagi, grouped in one of the peripheral sepulchral sets. Whereas this type of burials is well documented in Île-de-France and Normandy, its use in Central France was until now only known from ancient discoveries. Such a type of burials was not reported in any of the regional chrono-typological studies published to date. The discovery made in Allonnes enriches the archaeological knowledge about the diversity of the early medieval funerary practices in this geographic area.

Kunara is located in the vicinity of the modern city of Suleymanieh (Iraqi Kurdistan). It covers 7-10 ha and comprises an upper town to the west and a lower town. It was surrounded by paleao-channels that could have been used for irrigation purposes. The excavations started in 2012. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the third campaign conducted in 2015. Three areas were opened (B, C, E) in the lower town, and yielded remains dated to the third part of the 3 rd millennium B.C. In Area E, a monumental building was discovered, mainly characterized by a wall at least 1.35 m wide. In Area B, a public edifice was excavated, surrounded by at least three secondary buildings, and accessible by a ramp, and Area C conveyed the remains of two buildings associated with exterior floors and with a sunken cellar. In the latter, eight cuneiform tables were found. They are badly damaged, but two of them recorded entries and deliveries of different kinds of flour. Kunara presents elaborated building techniques. Walls were carefully built, usually on stone footings, with various kinds of earth superstructures in mudbrick and cob. The wide use of several cob techniques is unusual. The pottery shows that the ancient inhabitants of Kunara developed their own production influenced by the major trends attested elsewhere in Mesopotamia. Lithic artefacts are made in flint and in obsidian ; obsidian was probably imported from Anatolia. A jar sealing found in Area C shows great similarities with Akkadian glyptic. Kunara was thus a local or a regional centre in this region, at that time called the Lullubum International audience

La grande diversité qui caractérise la terminologie et la structuration du champ dans les domaines de la Didactique du plurilinguisme et de la Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik constitue un obstacle à la diffusion des innovations didactiques qu’elles proposent.Prenant appui sur des travaux antérieurs qui avaient porté sur ces deux concepts en France et en Allemagne, les auteurs ont entrepris une étude plus large incluant les approches qui composent la Didactique du plurilinguisme / Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik et englobant des publications issues de l’ensemble des pays germanophones et francophones d’Europe. Ils en proposent quelques exemples particulièrement significatifs dont la connaissance pourra aider à comprendre la littérature du domaine.

This paper attempts to reconstruct the Parisian art world of the 1920s through the prism of the social sciences. Geography, sociology and network analysis shed new light on a caricature drawn by Sem, entitled Les Montparnos, which was published in 1929 in L’Illustration. The reconstruction of the artistic field strips away the masks, and leads us to conclude that Sem, the star of the Parisian Belle Epoque, was trying to reverse the stigma of his increasingly marginalized position by mocking a new generation of rising stars—such as Foujita, Man Ray, and Kiki de Montparnasse—who were starting to dominate the Parisian art scene and market. Cet article tente une reconstitution du monde de l’art parisien des années 1920 au prisme des sciences sociales. La géographie, la sociologie et l'analyse de réseaux apportent un éclairage inédit à une caricature de Sem,Les Montparnos, parue en 1929 dansL'Illustration. La reconstitution du champ artistique fait tomber les masques et porte à conclure que Sem, roi de la Belle Époque Parisienne, cherche à retourner le stigmate de sa position désormais périphérique, en moquant la nouvelle génération des Foujita, Man Ray, et Kiki de Montparnasse devenue incontournable sur la scène et le marché de l’art parisiens

Paper presented at the 50th Anniversary Conference, Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 6-8 June 2012; Panel on 'Recent Research in the Early Modern History of Atlantic Africa'; The 'big bang' theory - best articulated by Ivor Wilks in the late 1970s and recently revisited - is a complex heuristic monument that must be carefully deconstructed. Its claim that before the integration of forested West Africa into the European bullion market and the opening of the Atlantic trade, the forest dwellers of Ghana were hunters and gatherers has been convincingly disproved by archaeological findings during the last 15 years. Indeed, history as a discipline contains limitations that were too often underestimated in reconstructing fragments of the early history of forested Ghana, especially with regards to the 'origins' of an agrarian order. However, we also observe that large-scale, deep change definitely took place before and during the Atlantic era, which echoes significantly with sections of Wilks' theory. Some parts of the 'Big Bang' paradigm are therefore still useful as encapsulating genuine historical information and thought-provoking hypotheses, which, if adequately recontextualized, may help to open a new page of early African history.

Le recours à l’ordinateur pour traiter et analyser des données généalogiques est de plus en plus fréquent. S’il ouvre des voies nouvelles, il n’est pas sans poser quelques problèmes, dont certains se situent d’ailleurs en amont. En effet, les informations collectées dans les sources historiques, par exemple, privilégient souvent les hommes et de fait les lignées agnatiques sont davantage connues. En ethnologie aussi, les corpus généalogiques constitués à partir d’enquêtes de terrain comportent leur lot d’asymétries en ce qui concerne la «mémoire » généalogique. Que faire de ces « vides », de cette « amnésie » généalogique ? Comment la mesurer ? A-t-elle un « impact » sur la structure matrimoniale d’un réseau de parenté ? Est-il possible de la contourner ? L’article revient sur ces difficultés méthodologiques, et montre, avec l’aide du logiciel Puck, différentes façons de repérer et de qualifier la déperdition de l’information généalogique. Mais ces méthodes posent à leur tour un certain nombre de problèmes. L’article propose donc une méthode de « réductions généalogiques » qui, posant des contraintes allant crescendo, permet d’évacuer les « zones d’ombre » des corpus, ne prenant en compte, dans les recensements matrimoniaux, que les individus pour lesquels une connaissance généalogique minimale est disponible. Computers are more and more frequently used to analyse genealogical data.While this development has opened new perspectives, it also raises problems, many of which already existed to a certain degree. For example, the privileged place allotted to men in the data collected from historical sources has resulted in agnatic lines being better known than uterine ones. Similar, built-in asymmetries with regard to genealogical “memory” also exist in anthropological material gathered by means of primary investigations. What can be done about such “gaps”, such genealogical “amnesia”? How can we measure it? Does it have an impact on the matrimonial structure of a kinship network? Can this impact be overcome? This article addresses these methodological difficulties and, using PUCK software, outlines different ways to identify and qualify the loss of genealogical information. These methods, however, also raise problems of their own. In answer to these, the authors suggests a method of increasingly constrained “genealogical reduction” whereby the “gray areas” in a body of data may be eliminated by retaining for matrimonial censuses only those individuals for whom minimum genealogical knowledge is available.