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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
  • Archined
  • Demographic Research

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  • Authors: Gaillard, Claire-Lise;

    Le marché de la rencontre n’a pas attendu Meetic, Tinder ou Grindr pour prospérer. Tout au plus l’ère numérique lui a-t-elle conféré, en même temps qu’un regain de vitalité, une légitimité nouvelle. Pendant près de deux siècles, ce domaine d’activité de réputation douteuse a fait de la discrétion une qualité première. Son entremise est longtemps demeurée taboue dans les familles. L’examen des registres d’agences matrimoniales et de la presse dédiée aux annonces permet néanmoins de lever le voile. Par-delà les figures chères au vaudeville – ambitieux coureurs de dots, parents autoritaires, oies blanches ou vieilles filles rêveuses –, qui sont les créateurs de ces agences, quels sont les services qu’ils proposent et quelle en est la clientèle ? Du Courrier de l’hymen dans les années 1790 au Chasseur français (qui revendique 4,5 millions de naissances), les annonces sont aussi la source d’une histoire de l’ordinaire, à hauteur des hommes et des femmes à la recherche d’amour et de bons partis. Par leurs silences entendus et leurs connotations équivoques, elles nous apprennent ce qui, selon les époques, est communément perçu comme admis, désirable ou au contraire inacceptable. Elles sont ainsi des indices de la transformation des sociétés, qu’il s’agisse de l’équilibre entre enjeux économiques et romantiques, du poids des stéréotypes de genre ou des failles grandissantes de la société bourgeoise patriarcale.

    Archinedarrow_drop_down
    Archined
    Other ORP type . 2024
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      Archined
      Other ORP type . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Barbieri, Magali;

    DOI : 10.3917/popu.2302.0320.

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    Archined
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Archined
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Barbieri, Magali;
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    Archined
    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archinedarrow_drop_down
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      Archined
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Cahen, Fabrice; Rosental, Paul-André;

    This article examines the creation of a 1942 survey designed to explore the causes of the declining birth rate in France and offer solutions, and revisits the data it produced. Led by the sociologist Jean Stoetzel, a pioneer of survey-based research, it consisted of a questionnaire developed with the interviewers themselves—mainly teachers and priests. The questions took up the themes of the pronatalist movement in all their diversity, from repressive proposals (including anti-abortion policies) to social measures for supporting households. The survey concluded that the French public supported natalism but believed that the causes of the low birth rate were primarily economic, rather than moral or religious. Financial incentives were deemed useful but insufficient. While Stoetzel recommended a propaganda campaign based on patriotism and moral reform, re-examination of the survey data shows that respondents were primarily concerned by the practicalities of the living conditions associated with large families. Within the range of moral attitudes expressed, repressive leanings were mainly concentrated in rural areas. Overall, survey respondents were sensitive to the plight of vulnerable populations, including single mothers.

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    Archined
    Article . 2023
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      Archined
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Batista-Goulart, Luana; Séguy, Isabelle; Tzortzis, Stéfan; Quatrehomme, Gérald;

    Dans cet article, nous analysons l’impact de différentes conditions de vie sur la longueur du fémur, considéré comme proxy de la stature, dans trois échantillons méditerranéens avec des contextes historiques connus, et nous évaluons si les longueurs fémorales des femmes et des hommes suivaient les mêmes schémas. La première collection analysée est composée de victimes de la peste du XVIIIe siècle, qui ont subi plusieurs épisodes de famine avant la peste. La deuxième collection, du XIXe siècle, a connu des temps meilleurs que la précédente. Enfin, la troisième collection date du XXe siècle, quand les conditions de vie étaient meilleures qu’au cours des deux siècles précédents. Nous avons analysé les femmes et les hommes séparément, en comparant des mesures de chaque collection à l’aide d’un test de Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. La valeur médiane de la longueur du fémur masculin a augmenté au cours de ces siècles, comme attendu. Cependant, les valeurs médianes de l’échantillon féminin sont plus faibles au XIXe siècle alors que les différences entre les échantillons des XVIIIe et XXe siècles ne sont pas statistiquement significatives. Nous supposons que la collection du XIXe siècle soufre d’un biais de représentativité pour la stature féminine. Au contraire, les échantillons des XVIIIe et XXe siècles sont des sources fiables. Différentes tendances du dimorphisme sexuel de la stature ont été observées dans d’autres travaux, mais la différence non significative entre la longueur du fémur féminin au XVIIIe et au XXe siècle n’est pas attendue, en raison de l’amélioration des conditions de vie. In this paper we analyse the impact of different living conditions on the length of the femur, as a proxy for stature, of three Mediterranean samples with known historical contexts, and assess sex differentials in femur length changes. The first collection analysed is composed of 18th century plague victims who had suffered several previous starvation episodes. The second collection, from the 19th century, lived through comparatively better times. The third is from the 20th century, when living conditions were better than during the two previous centuries. We compared the femur lengths of females and males between the three collections using Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistical tests. The median value of male femur lengths increased over time, as expected. However, the median values of the female sample decreased in the 19th century, while the differences between the 18th and the 20th centuries samples were not statistically significant. The samples from the 18th and 20th centuries are reliable sources, but for the 19th century collection, we have assumed a possible bias in the socio-economic representativeness of the female sample. While different trends in sexual dimorphism in stature have been observed in other studies, the non-significant difference between female femur length from the 18th and the 20th centuries is unexpected, given improvements in living conditions.

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    Archined
    Article . 2023
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      Archined
      Article . 2023
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    Archined
    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Meslé, France; Vallin, Jacques;

    International audience

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    Conference object . 2023
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    Authors: Cahen, Fabrice;
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    Archined
    Other ORP type . 2023
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    Authors: Charles, Loïc;
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    Authors: Martin Kreidl; Zuzana Žilinčíková;

    Background: Several studies show that cohabiting adult children have less frequent contact with their mothers than married adult children. We argue that these findings might be spurious due to confounding. Objective: Our aim is to replicate earlier research using more robust statistical instruments from the family of multi-level models with fixed effects, which are known to offer better control of omitted-variable bias. We also want to show the extent to which union-type effects vary across countries and by parenthood status. Methods: We use data from the SHARE survey. Mothers are the primary respondents and report on contact with all their children as well as on their children's union type. We apply mother-level fixed effects (i.e., within-mother comparisons) to see if the frequency of contact depends on the child's union type (distinguishing marriage and unmarried cohabitation). Results: We find no overall association between the adult child's union status and the frequency of intergenerational contact with the mother. While there are some differences across countries in this effect, these are uncorrelated with the prevalence of unmarried cohabitation, any typology of family systems, or the prevailing type of unmarried cohabitation. Conclusions: We failed to replicate previously reported associations between children's union type and frequency of intergenerational contact. We conclude that the earlier findings are spurious and cannot be interpreted causally. Contribution: Unmarried cohabitations should not be seen as 'incomplete institutions.' Cohabitors are not excluded from family networks and intergenerational exchanges on the basis of their union status.

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    Demographic Research
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Gaillard, Claire-Lise;

    Le marché de la rencontre n’a pas attendu Meetic, Tinder ou Grindr pour prospérer. Tout au plus l’ère numérique lui a-t-elle conféré, en même temps qu’un regain de vitalité, une légitimité nouvelle. Pendant près de deux siècles, ce domaine d’activité de réputation douteuse a fait de la discrétion une qualité première. Son entremise est longtemps demeurée taboue dans les familles. L’examen des registres d’agences matrimoniales et de la presse dédiée aux annonces permet néanmoins de lever le voile. Par-delà les figures chères au vaudeville – ambitieux coureurs de dots, parents autoritaires, oies blanches ou vieilles filles rêveuses –, qui sont les créateurs de ces agences, quels sont les services qu’ils proposent et quelle en est la clientèle ? Du Courrier de l’hymen dans les années 1790 au Chasseur français (qui revendique 4,5 millions de naissances), les annonces sont aussi la source d’une histoire de l’ordinaire, à hauteur des hommes et des femmes à la recherche d’amour et de bons partis. Par leurs silences entendus et leurs connotations équivoques, elles nous apprennent ce qui, selon les époques, est communément perçu comme admis, désirable ou au contraire inacceptable. Elles sont ainsi des indices de la transformation des sociétés, qu’il s’agisse de l’équilibre entre enjeux économiques et romantiques, du poids des stéréotypes de genre ou des failles grandissantes de la société bourgeoise patriarcale.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Barbieri, Magali;

    DOI : 10.3917/popu.2302.0320.

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    Authors: Barbieri, Magali;
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    Authors: Cahen, Fabrice; Rosental, Paul-André;

    This article examines the creation of a 1942 survey designed to explore the causes of the declining birth rate in France and offer solutions, and revisits the data it produced. Led by the sociologist Jean Stoetzel, a pioneer of survey-based research, it consisted of a questionnaire developed with the interviewers themselves—mainly teachers and priests. The questions took up the themes of the pronatalist movement in all their diversity, from repressive proposals (including anti-abortion policies) to social measures for supporting households. The survey concluded that the French public supported natalism but believed that the causes of the low birth rate were primarily economic, rather than moral or religious. Financial incentives were deemed useful but insufficient. While Stoetzel recommended a propaganda campaign based on patriotism and moral reform, re-examination of the survey data shows that respondents were primarily concerned by the practicalities of the living conditions associated with large families. Within the range of moral attitudes expressed, repressive leanings were mainly concentrated in rural areas. Overall, survey respondents were sensitive to the plight of vulnerable populations, including single mothers.

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    Archined
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    Authors: Batista-Goulart, Luana; Séguy, Isabelle; Tzortzis, Stéfan; Quatrehomme, Gérald;

    Dans cet article, nous analysons l’impact de différentes conditions de vie sur la longueur du fémur, considéré comme proxy de la stature, dans trois échantillons méditerranéens avec des contextes historiques connus, et nous évaluons si les longueurs fémorales des femmes et des hommes suivaient les mêmes schémas. La première collection analysée est composée de victimes de la peste du XVIIIe siècle, qui ont subi plusieurs épisodes de famine avant la peste. La deuxième collection, du XIXe siècle, a connu des temps meilleurs que la précédente. Enfin, la troisième collection date du XXe siècle, quand les conditions de vie étaient meilleures qu’au cours des deux siècles précédents. Nous avons analysé les femmes et les hommes séparément, en comparant des mesures de chaque collection à l’aide d’un test de Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. La valeur médiane de la longueur du fémur masculin a augmenté au cours de ces siècles, comme attendu. Cependant, les valeurs médianes de l’échantillon féminin sont plus faibles au XIXe siècle alors que les différences entre les échantillons des XVIIIe et XXe siècles ne sont pas statistiquement significatives. Nous supposons que la collection du XIXe siècle soufre d’un biais de représentativité pour la stature féminine. Au contraire, les échantillons des XVIIIe et XXe siècles sont des sources fiables. Différentes tendances du dimorphisme sexuel de la stature ont été observées dans d’autres travaux, mais la différence non significative entre la longueur du fémur féminin au XVIIIe et au XXe siècle n’est pas attendue, en raison de l’amélioration des conditions de vie. In this paper we analyse the impact of different living conditions on the length of the femur, as a proxy for stature, of three Mediterranean samples with known historical contexts, and assess sex differentials in femur length changes. The first collection analysed is composed of 18th century plague victims who had suffered several previous starvation episodes. The second collection, from the 19th century, lived through comparatively better times. The third is from the 20th century, when living conditions were better than during the two previous centuries. We compared the femur lengths of females and males between the three collections using Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistical tests. The median value of male femur lengths increased over time, as expected. However, the median values of the female sample decreased in the 19th century, while the differences between the 18th and the 20th centuries samples were not statistically significant. The samples from the 18th and 20th centuries are reliable sources, but for the 19th century collection, we have assumed a possible bias in the socio-economic representativeness of the female sample. While different trends in sexual dimorphism in stature have been observed in other studies, the non-significant difference between female femur length from the 18th and the 20th centuries is unexpected, given improvements in living conditions.

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    Authors: Meslé, France; Vallin, Jacques;

    International audience

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    Authors: Cahen, Fabrice;
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    Authors: Charles, Loïc;
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    Authors: Martin Kreidl; Zuzana Žilinčíková;

    Background: Several studies show that cohabiting adult children have less frequent contact with their mothers than married adult children. We argue that these findings might be spurious due to confounding. Objective: Our aim is to replicate earlier research using more robust statistical instruments from the family of multi-level models with fixed effects, which are known to offer better control of omitted-variable bias. We also want to show the extent to which union-type effects vary across countries and by parenthood status. Methods: We use data from the SHARE survey. Mothers are the primary respondents and report on contact with all their children as well as on their children's union type. We apply mother-level fixed effects (i.e., within-mother comparisons) to see if the frequency of contact depends on the child's union type (distinguishing marriage and unmarried cohabitation). Results: We find no overall association between the adult child's union status and the frequency of intergenerational contact with the mother. While there are some differences across countries in this effect, these are uncorrelated with the prevalence of unmarried cohabitation, any typology of family systems, or the prevailing type of unmarried cohabitation. Conclusions: We failed to replicate previously reported associations between children's union type and frequency of intergenerational contact. We conclude that the earlier findings are spurious and cannot be interpreted causally. Contribution: Unmarried cohabitations should not be seen as 'incomplete institutions.' Cohabitors are not excluded from family networks and intergenerational exchanges on the basis of their union status.

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    Demographic Research
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Demographic Research
    Article . 2023
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