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International audience; The National Library of Spain (NLS, Biblioteca Nacional de España [BNE]) for the target audience of digital humanities (DH), within the last two decades, has taken up major challenges to be into line with other main national libraries (France, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, and the Library of Congress). The chapter presents NLS's success in the emerging digital scholarship and BNElab Digital Humanities (DH) projects and digital editions (e.g., the Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I & II Codices or Quixote), demonstrating the most necessary steps of libraries to take in the digital age, especially when DH is forming the mainstream and obtaining momentum. The importance of the NLS and its patrimony is in line with its commendatory policy of collaborating with a wide variety of DH projects, and with that of making its digital patrimony freely available. Through a case study of the opening up of cultural heritage data for the arts and humanities (A&H), NLS is challenged from its Semantic Web vision to find the expertise required by the key issues of contemporary digital humanities.; La Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE) para el público objetivo de las humanidades digitales (HD), en las últimas dos décadas ha asumido grandes retos para estar a la altura de otras grandes bibliotecas nacionales (Francia, Países Bajos, Reino Unido, Alemania y la Biblioteca del Congreso). El capítulo presenta el éxito de la BNE en los proyectos de cultura digital, BNElab y ediciones digitales (por ejemplo, los Códices Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I y II o el Quijote), presentando los pasos necesarios que las bibliotecas deben tomar en la era digital, especialmente cuando las HD están convirtiéndose en la corriente principal y ganando impulso. La importancia de la BNE y su patrimonio está en línea con su política de colaborar con una amplia variedad de proyectos de HD, y con la de hacer que su patrimonio digital esté disponible gratuitamente. A través de un estudio de caso de la apertura de los datos del patrimonio cultural para las artes y las humanidades (A&H), la BNE se enfrenta al desafío de su visión de la Web Semántica para encontrar la experiencia requerida por los temas clave de las humanidades digitales contemporáneas.; La Bibliothèque nationale d'Espagne (Biblioteca Nacional de España [BNE]) pour le public cible des humanités numériques (HN), au cours des deux dernières décennies, a relevé des défis majeurs pour s'aligner sur les autres grandes bibliothèques nationales (France, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Allemagne et Bibliothèque du Congrès). Le chapitre présente le succès de la BNE dans les projets émergents de culture numérique et de BNElab et les éditions numériques (par exemple, les codex Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I & II ou le Quichotte), montrant les étapes les plus nécessaires pour les bibliothèques à suivre à l'ère numérique, en particulier lorsque les HN forment le courant dominant et prennent de l'ampleur. L'importance de la BNE et de son patrimoine s'inscrit dans sa politique de collaboration avec une grande variété de projets HN, et dans celle de mise à disposition gratuite de son patrimoine numérique. À travers une étude de cas sur l'ouverture des données du patrimoine culturel pour les arts et les humanités (A&H), la une analyse atentive de la BNE révèle sa vision du Web sémantique pour trouver l'expertise requise par les enjeux clés des humanités numériques contemporaines.

This study focuses on determining mineralogical and elemental compositions of coal seams (to the upwards, D, C, B, A, and S0) within seven coal exploration wells from the Alpu coalfield (Eskişehir, Central Türkiye). Furthermore, the special goal of the study is a comparative analysis of the relations between the elements by using agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm with different linkage methods as well as different similarity measures. Clay minerals and quartz are commonly detected as abundant to dominant phases, while natural zeolite formations were detected in the studied seams C, B, A, and S0. The SEM-EDX data shows that clinoptilolites in zeolite minerals were observed within the organic matter, while crystalline and non-crystalline analcime minerals along with syngenetic authigenic rhomboid K-feldspars were only detected in the seam A from one studied well. The existence of some micron-sized minerals such as apatite, monazite, and Ti-oxides within the smectite matrix and the measurable amount of Ti in smectite imply that alteration of epiclastic and contemporaneous volcanic inputs was developed under weak acidic to neutral conditions during peat accumulation. The lack of natural zeolite and carbonate minerals in the seam D could be an indicator of weak acidic to neutral conditions and semi-closed hydrogeological conditions. Nevertheless, the alkalinity of mire water, water table, and hydrogeological regime seem to be variable during the accumulation of precursor peats of seams C, B, A, and S0. In turn, alteration of volcanic inputs was observed under neutral to weak alkaline conditions and semi-closed to closed hydrogeological regime. Hence, syngenetic authigenic, micron-sized clinoptilolites were formed. Moreover, the existence of authigenic rhomboid K-feldspars and syngenetic authigenic analcimes in certain exploration well could suggest local increases on dissolved Na+ concentrations, alkalinity, and water table. Except for volcanogenic origin for minerals, accessory micron-sized minerals, like chromite, pentlandite, and allanite grains presumably originated from clastic influxes of ophiolitic rocks in the basement into palaeomires. The variations in mire water chemistry and clastic-influx source area could also control the elemental enrichments in the studied seams. Epiclastic and contemporaneous volcanic inputs into palaeomires seem to control enrichments of Li, B, Sc, and Ti in coal samples, while clastic influx from ophiolitic rocks into palaeomires caused to enrichments of Cr, V and Ni. Furthermore, the liberated Ba, Sr, and As ions from the alteration of epiclastic and contemporaneous volcanic inputs are absorbed by syngenetic zeolite minerals, while anoxic conditions in the palaeomires resulted in precipitation of Sr-barite and As-bearing pyrite grains during peat accumulation and/or early diagenetic stages. Overall, the differences in water chemistry of mire water, epiclastic and contemporaneous volcanic inputs, and clastic influx from the adjacent areas also caused several elemental enrichments and variations in mineralogical compositions of the Middle Miocene coal seams in the Alpu coalfield. This study does not receive any external funds. The authors would like to express their gratitude to MTA and Esan for the permission for sampling and technical support during the fieldwork, and Prof. Dr. Jim Hower (University of Kentucky, USA) for his constructive comments during the manuscript preparation. Finally, the authors would like thank Dr. S. Dai, the editor-in-chief, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments and corrections. Peer reviewed

The health risks associated with exposure to respirable dust in coal mines have been attracted much attention by an increasing number of researchers. However, the accurate identification of potentially hazardous agents in respirable dusts and the evaluation of the potential health risks arising from it still remains controversial to varying degrees. A comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical properties of respirable dust is a prerequisite and an important basis for resolving this controversy. Therefore, in this study, the particle size distribution and morphology, pore structure, mineralogical and geochemical patterns, and oxidative potential (OP) of respirable coal mine dust were comprehensively investigated. Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed to identify dust components driving OP, such as anatase, tobelite, quartz, and ankerite, in respirable coal mine dust, along with Na, Ni, Se, W, and As. On this basis, we performed a single-factor risk prediction for different coal mines by considering factors that may impact miners' health, with the analyses yielding somewhat contradictory results. Therefore, a multifactor integrated prediction model is proposed using an entropy-based technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution to categorize coal mines in the study area into three risk categories, high-, medium-, and low-risk dust mines, which is important for the hierarchical classification and control of coal mines and for formulating appropriate dust prevention and control measures. This research was funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFC3709902), the National Science Foundation of China (No. 41972180), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. G1323523166), the “Overseas Top Scholars Program”, part of the “Recruitment Program of Global Experts” (No. G20190017067). Peer reviewed

[ES] Se presenta aquí la traducción española de dos poemas de boda hebreos escritos por el poeta Yiṣḥaq ibn al-Ḥadib (Castilla, mediados del siglo XIV), poemas inspirados en otro que el poeta provenzal del siglo XIII Yehosef ben Natan ben Ḥanan ha-Ezobi escribe con motivo de la boda de su hijo. La traducción se acompaña de una breve introducción en la que se propicia un diálogo entre los tres poemas y estos se consideran en relación a sus respectivos contextos socio-culturales. [EN] Included herein is the Spanish translation of two Hebrew wedding poems written by Yiṣḥaq ibn al-Ḥadib (Castile, mid-14th century). They are both inspired by a third poem written by the 13th-century Provençal poet Yehosef ben Natan ben Ḥanan ha-Ezobi on the occasion of his son's wedding. A brief introduction presents the three poems in dialogue with each other and considers them against the backdrop of their respective socio-cultural contexts. Este artículo está sujeto a una licencia CC BY 4.0 Peer reviewed

El hallazgo inicial de diez bocetos a lápiz, atribuidos a Francisco Javier Matís (Guaduas 1763 - Bogotá 1851), y de una segunda serie de once bocetos plantea numerosos interrogantes sobre la autoría de estos dibujos y sobre su autenticidad. Si de una parte los primeros dibujos parecían ser auténticos y podrían aportar nuevas luces so- bre la metodología pictórica aplicada en la labor iconográfica de la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada (1783 – 1814), la segunda serie insinúa un presunto fraude. Diez de los bocetos se corresponden plenamente con los diseños de las láminas en folio mayor de la Expedición Botánica, en tanto que los otros son copias de láminas publicadas en libros editados durante el siglo XIX. Se presenta una nota biográfica del pintor, se discute la autenticidad de los dibujos y se comentan aspectos pertinentes. Peer reviewed

[EN] The advances that have taken place in recent decades in the investigation of the ritual and topographical structure of the Sanctuary of Delphi have brought to light strong correspondences with the narrative structure of the Proem of Parmenides. These correspondences, of a ritual, topographical and narrative nature, could be a signthat Parmenides’ hymn was composed to be performed in a civic and religious festival of ancient Elea that followed the model of the Theophania of Delphi. In this paper I present the signs and evidence in favour of this thesis, which implies not only a revision of the traditional interpretations of the Proem, but also the possibility of using it as historical evidence to improve our knowledge of the religious festivals held at Delphi. According to this interpretation, the Proem would not describe a katabasis or an anabasis, but the epidemia or arrival of Apollo at Delphi from the land of the Hyperboreans. The narrator would be Apollo (and not Parmenides), and the itinerary of his journey, that of the places and stations of the Theophania procession. This reading also offers a consistent interpretation of the sculptures and inscriptions found in the Insula II of Velia. It is quite likely that the pholarchoi were priests of Apollo, whose ritual consecration took place at the festival for which Parmenides’ hymn was composed Peer reviewed

[POR] Os dados de escavação e laboratório do Neolítico Médio na Costa do Pereiro (escavado em 1995-2000) permanecem largamente inéditos. O seu processo de formação (camada 1b) apresenta diversas limitações (fatores de bioturbação, pequena espessura da camada, ocupações mesolíticas prévias, recorrência das ocupações neolíticas) mas apresenta preservação orgânica (restos botânicos, sobretudo sobreiro; faunísticos, dominados pelos cervídeos; e uma inumação de não-adulto e outros remanescentes esqueléticos), diversas categorias artefactuais (indústria cerâmica, óssea e lítica) e estruturas antrópicas (fogueira). Estes dados sugerem ocupações recorrentes no período de 3900- 3100 cal BC, o que está de acordo com a cultura material (domínio da cerâmica lisa). Assim, este sítio de ar livre testemunha uma faceta ainda mal documentada do Neolítico Médio: os contextos habitacionais. [EN] The excavation and laboratory data from the Middle Neolithic at Costa do Pereiro (excavated in 1995-2000) remain largely unpublished. Its formation process (layer 1b) show a number of limitations (bioturbation, small layer thickness, previous Mesolithic occupations, recurrence of Neolithic occupations) but shows preservation of organic materials (botanic, mainly cork oak; faunal, dominated by red deer; and human: a non-adult inhumation and other skeletal remains), various artefactual categories (ceramic, bone, and lithic) along with anthropic structures (hearth). These data suggest recurrent occupations in the 3900–3100 cal BC time period, which is in line with the material culture (dominance of plain potteries). Thus, this open-air site bears witness to a still poorly documented facet of the Middle Neolithic: habitation contexts. Os trabalhos de escavaçao na Costa do Pereiro tiveram lugar no quadro das atividades do projeto “Pre‑Historia do maciço calcario das Serras d’Aire e Candeeiros e bacias de drenagem adjacentes” (1998‑2001), financiado pelo entao Plano Nacional de Trabalhos Arqueologicos, tendo sido codirigido por Joao Pedro Cunha Ribeiro, Francisco Almeida e A.F.C. A analise traceologica dos elementos de silex foi levada a cabo no âmbito do projeto “Tools, techniques and specialists: The keys to understand the Mesolithic‑Neolithic transition in Mediterranean Europe” (referência PID2020‑112513RB‑I00), financiado pelo Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion e pela Agencia Estatal de Investigacion de Espanha, dirigido por J.F.G.

[ES] En el contexto de la interpretación de la minería aurífera del Occidente como una explotación gestionada directamente por el Estado, hemos revisado el papel de la praefectura fabrum en relación con el control y gestión de recursos al servicio de la administración imperial y su posible participación en la explotación minera. En relación con esto abordamos el tema de la “especialización” en la gestión administrativa, tanto en lo que afecta a la especificidad de la minería como al perfil de los representantes de la administración imperial. Esto permite una reflexión más amplia sobre la no separación de la carrera militar y la civil en el campo de la administración imperial y sobre la supuesta participación de la “iniciativa privada” en la explotación minera en el Occidente de Hispania. [EN] As a part of our approach to western gold mining as a State exploitation, we propose a revision of the role of the praefectura fabrum in relation to the control and management of resources by the imperial administration. In relation to this, we address the issue of “specialization” in the administrative system, both in what affects the specificity of mining and also in general, regarding the profiles of the representatives of the imperial administration. This allows a broader reflection on the non-separation of the military and civil careers in the field of imperial administration and on the alleged historic role of a “private initiative” in mining exploitation in western Hispania. Este artículo está sujeto a una licencia CC BY 4.0 Peer reviewed