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U doktorskom radu Sakralna arhitektura Zlatka Ugljena predstavljene su sakralne građevine koje je projektirao arhitekt Zlatko Ugljen od početka njegova stvaralaštva krajem 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća do danas. U radu su analizirani, istraženi i interpretirani svi Ugljenovi realizirani i nerealizirani sakralni projekti. Objašnjeni su izvori Ugljenova specifičnoga arhitektonskog izričaja koji sintetizira modernizam – kao osnovno stilsko polazište – ali i postmodernizam i tradicijsko graditeljstvo bosanskohercegovačkog prostora. Pozornost je stavljena na interpretaciju eksterijera i dizajna interijera, a građevine su promatrane u teološkom, povijesnom, teritorijalnom i kulturološkom kontekstu prostora u kojima su sagrađene. Pored popisa i analize, u radu se donose i valoriziraju postojeće interpretacije Ugljenovih sakralnih objekata od strane istraživača iz zemalja nekadašnje Jugoslavije, ali i drugih svjetskih teoretičara arhitekture i publicista. Ugljenova sakralna arhitektura (realizirani i nerealizirani projekti za islamske i katoličke bogomolje) postavljena je u teorijski okvir kritičkog regionalizma, ali i kulture sjećanja jer je ona – sa svojim specifičnostima – bitan čimbenik pri promatranju tradicijskih prepleta različitih vjerskih i identitetskih zajednica koje obitavaju na istom prostoru. Svi objekti popraćeni su fotografijama, skicama, tlocrtima i prikazima projekata te njihovim eventualnim objašnjenjima. U radu je pozornost stavljena na proces nastanka i realizacije projekata te su ti procesi potkrijepljeni sadržajima iz arhivskih dokumenata i brojnih intervjua koje su dali sudionici i svjedoci nastanka projekata. Sadržaj disertacije zaokružen je katalogom u kojem se donose pojedinosti o projektima te intervjuom sa Zlatkom Ugljenom u kojem autor govori o osobnim i profesionalnim iskustvima te razmišljanjima o sakralnoj arhitekturi. U širem smislu, disertacija se bavi analizom moderne i postmoderne islamske i katoličke sakralne arhitekture u Bosni i Hercegovini, ali i u regiji i svijetu, uz osvrt na društvene i političke prilike koje su utjecale na nju. Zlatko Ugljen's religious architecture represents an indispensable segment not only of the author’s creative work, but also of the overall contemporary catholic and islamic religious architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the region. Zlatko Ugljen designed more than 200 buildings in his career, and was presented with various awards both at local and international level. As a professor at the Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo, he educated many generations of architects. However, the greatest contribution to the regional architecture Ugljen gave through his 28 projects for 29 religious buildings. Considering that Ugljen's work in religious architecture is, regardless of this fact, underrepresented in professional and scientific journals, the primary goal of this doctoral dissertation is to consolidate, analyze and evaluate Ugljen's realized and unrealized sacral projects. One of the objectives of this paper is to present them and place them into the context of both the world and regional architectural frameworks in order to get a clearer picture of the author's contribution and significance in contemporary architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The intention of this paper is, inter alia, to systematize Ugljen's sacral oeuvre in chronological terms, then to research and analyse the documentation that is available concerning his sacral projects, as well as the articles published on those projects, and to offer an interpretation of the design features and point out to different circumstances and needs in which those designs were developed. Ultimately, the aim of the dissertation is to lay foundations for stylistic distinction between modernism and postmodernism in Ugljen's oeuvre, and to point out to significant influence of critical regionalism on his creative work . In the broad sense, the dissertation analyzes modern and postmodern religious architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Catholic and Islamic) in social and political contexts that influenced its development, construction and deterioration. The dissertation is structured around a thematic-chronological framework. It is composed of an introduction, six sections and a conclusion. The introduction, set as the first section, is followed by the second section with a historical overview of modern architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region in the 20th century. The historical overview opens with an analysis of the development of the Bosnian style at the beginning of the 20th century, which marked the birth of modernism, the protagonists of which influenced Ugljen's understanding and creation of architecture. Furthermore, a brief insight follows into the history of architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina between the two world wars. This period is presented more broadly in theoretical terms through the analysis of the history of architecture in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s through an overview of developments in architecture in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, respectfully, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in that period. After overview of the European and regional architectural scene, special attention is devoted to the history of the architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina between the two world wars, with information on the most important architects, buildings and stylistic features, followed by an insight into history of architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the World War II. Considering that development of the prewar architecture was heavily influenced by the world and regional ideological and stylistic tendencies, this section focuses primarily on the world's most important theoretical guidelines, stylistic tendencies and architects. In the third section, the social and political events after the World War II in Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are discussed, because they directly affected the position of the Islamic Community and the Catholic Church, which commissioned Ugljen's projects. Furthermore, the dissertation provides an insight into the position of the Islamic Community and the construction of Islamic religious buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the end of the World War II to the present, considering that the position of the Islamic Community directly and indirectly defined the conditions for designing mosques. Before moving to the analysis of stylistic features of the mosques in that period, the dissertation lists the ideas and guidelines for the construction of modern mosques in the second half of the 20th century in the world. The fourth section describes and analyzes Zlatko Ugljen’s life and career, followed by description and interpretation of his sacral projects. Sections 5 and 6 elaborate on the projects for realized and unrealized religious buildings of Zlatko Ugljen following the same methodological approach, meaning that projects are analyzed chronologically, by the year of their creation, divided along the two phases: projects made in the 20th century (Section 4) and those made in the 21st century (Section 5). The sixth thematic unit applies the same approach and deals with the projects created in the 21st century, when the architect in some works moved away from modernism as a stylistic expression and adopted contemporary stylistic tendencies following the idea of critical regionalism. After the analysis and interpretation of the design features of the religious buildings, the Section 7 focuses on the specifics of the stylistic expression of Zlatko Ugljen, analyzing the sources of Ugljen's specific architectural expression, which synthesizes modernism, as a basic stylistic starting-point, postmodernism and the influence of traditional architecture through the theoretical guidelines of critical regionalism. Furthermore, the sources and features of Ugljen's sacral opus are explained, taking into consideration the stylistic genesis and influences in his work, resulting in an analysis of the design features of the religious buildings. Considering that co-authoring was an important segment of Ugljen’s career, the paper also elaborates on his associates/co-authors and their influence on each other. The interiors for churches, the use of symbols and iconography, the treatment of the climate interrelation, the choice of materials and spatial concepts were also analyzed. The time determinant as a parameter according to which the sacral projects were analyzed was derived from the stylistic features of Ugljen’s projects. They were analyzed with regard to the placement of the realized or unrealized facility in a certain environment, the analysis being supported with an explanation of the needs and reasons for which the facilities were designed, as well as the historical context in which they were built or should have been built. In addition, Ugljen’s sacral projects are placed within the framework of religious architecture in BiH. This content is additionally enriched with excerpts from interviews with Ugljen's most important associates and co-authors (Nina Ugljen Ademović, Branko Tadić, Husejn Dropić and Fr. Marko Karamatić). The research is based on the heterogeneous materials, such as: encyclopedias, books, archival and project documentation, critical reviews, newsletters, notes, interviews, newspaper articles and photo-documentation, taken from the Archives of the Episcopal Ordinariate in Mostar, Franciscan Library in Mostar, Historical Archives in Sarajevo, Archives of the Riyasat of the Islamic Community in Sarajevo, the Matica Srpska Library in Novi Sad, the National and University Library in Zagreb and the City Library in Mostar. Significant documents were provided by the Archives of the Behram-Bey’s Madrasa and the Islamic Center in Tuzla, as well as by the Franciscan Parish Archives in Tuzla, Žeravac and Zabilje. These archives contain various documents that helped us to get more information and a better understanding of the processes of creation and construction of the facilities: conceptual or detailed design projects, work diaries, tenders, contracts, opinions of commissions, changes, offers, invoices and sketches. Design sheets for churches and mosques built before the 1990s, with the exception of St. Peter and Paul’s Church in Tuzla, are not available any more, as they were mostly destroyed during the war. The completeness of the processing of the material was affected by the fact that certain documentation was nonexistent, because if it had been available, it could have significantly supported the precise analysis of the proportions and other constructive values of these realized objects and thus contributed to the formal analysis of Ugljen's religious projects. The description and analysis of the construction of Ugljen's sacral projects presented in this paper, relying on projects and personal insights from the field research, can help further evaluation and research of his work in the future. Ugljen has won numerous domestic and international awards and some of its sacral buildings can be found in world-renowned publications on this topic. The religious architecture of Zlatko Ugljen belongs to the most praised, but also the most disputed parts of his work. Religious projects, built during the six-decade long creative period of Zlatko Ugljen, had different fates: two buildings were left unfinished, one was destroyed in the war, eighteen were realized, whereas eight projects remained unrealized. Thus, Ugljen's sacral opus is not large, but viewed within the history of contemporary architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it has attracted the greatest interest of the world and regional public.

U radu se raspravlja o pravnoj regulaciji statusa jezika federativne Jugoslavije i njihovu nazivanju u razdoblju kojega su granične točke odluke AVNOJ-a iz 1944. godine te prva polovica travnja 1963. godine, kada se donosi drugi po redu Ustav. Za trajanja Drugoga svjetskog rata politička tijela države u nastajanju proklamirala su ravnopravnost četiriju jezika (u pravilu u izvornim se tekstovima navode redoslijedom): srpskoga, hrvatskoga, slovenskoga i makedonskoga. Tada je odlučeno, što se može smatrati temeljnim ostvarenjem proklamirane jezične ravnopravnosti na koju se obvezala federativna zakonodavna vlast, da će službeno glasilo objavljivati zakone nove države na tim četirima jezicima, odnosno da će glasilo istodobno izlaziti u četirima ravnopravnim izdanjima.S donošenjem prvog Ustava početkom 1946. godine objavljivanje saveznih zakona na više jezika dobilo je i svoju ustavnu sankciju. Osim odredbe o objavljivanju zakona ustavotvorac je posebnim odredbama zajamčio nacionalnim manjinama slobodnu upotrebu svojega jezika te odredio da se postupak pred sudom vodi na jezicima republike, autonomne pokrajine ili oblasti. Ustavotvorac nijednom jeziku nije izričito dodijelio status službenoga (ili državnoga), ali je očito da razlikuje tri skupine jezika nejednaka statusa: jezike narodnih republika (objavljivanje zakona, vođenje sudskog postupka), jezike autonomnih pokrajina ili oblasti (vođenje sudskog postupka), jezike nacionalnih manjina (mogu se rabiti pred sudom). Ustavotvorna skupština u svojim poslovnicima izričito navodi u skladu s avnojskom praksom četiri jezika – srpski, hrvatski, slovenski i makedonski – ali je donijela Ustav 1946. godine u kojemu se ti jezici ne navode. Ustavni zakon, kojim je početkom 1953. znatno revidiran Ustav, u posebnoj odredbi regulira donošenje i objavljivanje save-znih zakona na jezicima svih narodnih republika, ali se ni u njoj ne navode nazivi tih jezika.Rasprave vođene u ustavotvornim i zakonodavnim odborima, što su dosad u jezičnopolitičkim istraživanjima prema autorovu uvidu posve zanemarene, pokazuju da nenavođenje naziva jezika nije propust zakonodavca, nego rezultat političke odluke koja je provedena u Skupštini Jugoslavije, ali donesena, po svemu sudeći, u partijskom centru moći, u najužem vodstvu KP Jugoslavije, u prvom redu da bi se ustav rasteretio arbitriranja o tome jesu li hrvatski i srpski dva ili jedan jezik. U nepuna dva poslijeratna desetljeća jezici narodnih republika nisu dobili svoju ustavnu sankciju, ali, što pokazuje istražena građa, u nizu tekstova niže pravne snage (odluke, pravilnici, skupštinski poslovnici) federativna zakonodavna vlast izričito navodi srpski, hrvatski, slovenski i makedonski kao svoja četiri jezika.S donošenjem Ustava SFRJ 1963. godine započinje novo ustavnopravno razdoblje u kojemu Skupština Jugoslavije mijenja svoj režim nazivanja jezika jugoslavenskih naroda, što znači u prvom redu da prestaje s uporabom glotonima hrvatski jezik i srpski jezik.The paper discusses legal regulation of the status of the languages of federative Yugoslavia (FPRY) and their nomenclature in the period between the resolutions of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia in 1944 and early April of 1963, when the second Constitution was ratified. During World War II, political bodies of the state to be proclaimed the equality of four languages: Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, and Macedonian (as a rule listed in this order in the documents). It was decided – and this can be considered the fundamental realization of the declared linguistic equality to which federative lawgiver pledged itself – that an official journal will publish statutes of the new state in those four languages, i.e. four editions will be published.When the first Constitution was ratified in early 1946, the publication of statutes in several languages was sanctioned by the Constitution. In addition to the provision on publishing the statues, the lawmaker further guaranteed national minorities free use of their languages and mandated that judicial procedure is to be conducted in the languages of the respective republic, autonomous province, or region. No language was explicitly declared official (or federal) but it is obvious that three groups of languages of unequal status were distinguished: languages of people’s republics (publication of statutes, judicial procedure), languages of autonomous provinces or regions (judicial procedure), languages of national minorities (can be used in court). In its rules of procedure, the Constitutional Assembly explicitly lists the four languages – Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, and Macedonian – but the 1946 Constitution it ratified does not mention those languages. The Organic Law, which in early 1953 significantly revised the Constitution, includes a provision regulating the publication of federal statutes in the languages of all six people’s republics but the names of those languages are not specified.Discussions in constitutional and legislative committees – thus far, by all accounts, ignored in studies of language politics – prove that this was not an omission on the part of the lawgiver but the result of a political decision (formally by the Federal Assembly, yet more likely by the powers that be in the inner circle of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia), first and foremost so that the Constitution would not be burdened with arbitrating whether Croatian and Serbian are a single language or not. In the two post-war decades, languages of people’s republics failed to secure constitutional sanction but, as the material under study shows, in a series of documents of lesser legal power (decrees, ordinances, and rules of procedure) federative legislature explicitly lists Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, and Macedonian as its four languages.The ratification of the 1963 SFRY Constitution marks the beginning of a new constitutional era, in which the Federal Assembly changes its regime of naming languages of the Yugoslav peoples, which above all means that the linguonyms Croatian language and Serbian language are no longer used.

This paper analyses discourses and policies of citizenship and immigration in Croatia, with a special focus on marketization and culturalisation of citizenship. Along with many other Central and Eastern European states, Croatia is commonly studied as a model case of ethnonationalism. This study seeks to warn that in an ethnocentric state, there can also be other important notions of deservingness that structure one’s route to membership today, showing us that we need to move beyond an exclusive focus on ethnonationalism. The paper explores how socioeconomic status and (ethno)cultural origin impact the ability of non- ethnics to claim and receive citizenship rights. The research focuses on two cultural groups: traditional immigrant populations coming from post-Yugoslav states and the new immigrant groups coming from countries in the Middle East.

This article aims to present the motives of the geopolitical restructuring of South-East Europe at the end of World War II with an emphasis on relations between Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. In this context, the author first identifies the interwar interests of four involved parties, namely: the Yugoslav and Bulgarian communist leaderships, and the political representatives of the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. In the second part, the author describes the development of the idea of Yugoslav-Bulgarian integration after the War, first during the period of rapprochement between two communist parties, and then in the period of the Cominform crisis and the dramatic turnaround in their relations. Besides different macro- -geopolitical visions, the author also identifies significant differences in motives at the micro-geopolitical level. Contrary to the proclaimed idea of the 'South Slavic Brotherhood', the Communist Party of Yugoslavia perceived the idea foremost as a maneuvering tool in its relations with the UK and the Soviets, while the Bulgarian Communist Party used the (con)federal idea for pursuing multi-layered interests. It was primarily a part of the strategy for resolving the Macedonian question, but the alliance with Yugoslavia was also a tool for protecting Bulgarian territories in the relations with Greece, and consequently leverage for strengthening the internal position of Bulgarian communists in the post-war consolidation process. Cilj je članka predstaviti motive geopolitičkog uređenja Jugoistočne Europe s naglaskom na analizi odnosa između Jugoslavije i Bugarske potkraj Drugoga svjetskog rata. U tom su kontekstu najprije identificirani međuratni interesi četiriju uključenih strana: jugoslavensko i bugarsko komunističko vodstvo te politički predstavnici Sovjetskog Saveza i Ujedinjenoga Kraljevstva. U drugom dijelu autor opisuje razvoj ideje jugoslavensko-bugarskoga povezivanja nakon rata, najprije u razdoblju zbližavanja jugoslavenske i bugarske Komunističke partije, a zatim i u vrijeme raskola u Informbirou te dramatičnoga zaokreta u njihovim odnosima. Autor osim raznih makrogeopolitičkih vizija uočava i značajne razlike u motivima na mikrogeopolitičkoj razini. Suprotno od proklamirane ideje "južnoslavenskoga bratstva", Komunistička partija Jugoslavije ideju povezivanja s Bugarskom percipirala je prije svega kao sredstvo za manevriranje u odnosima s Britanijom i Sovjetskim Savezom, dok je Bugarska komunistička partija koncept (kon)federativnoga saveza s Jugoslavijom rabila višeslojno. U prvom je redu ta ideja predstavljala dio strategije rješavanja makedonskoga pitanja, no savez s Jugoslavijom bio je i sredstvo zaštite bugarskih teritorija u odnosima s Grčkom, pa onda i sredstvo jačanja unutarnjega položaja bugarskih komunista u procesu učvršćivanja poslijeratne vlasti.

The Dep. of Metallurgy in Sisak of the Faculty of Technology Zagreb was founded in 1960 with Ironwork Sisak, Petrol refinery Sisak and Assembly of the Municipality Sisak as Founders. During 60y (1960-2020) were several organizations transforms, important 1977-1978 y when is Metallurgical Dep./Engineering including in Institut za metalurgiju Sisak, name Metallurgical Faculty. With transform 1990-1991 y Metallurgical Faculty have separate from Institut za metalurgiju Sisak and come into existence as autonomous the organization at University of Zagreb. Till now, have published many works about history, activities in teaching, scientific and professional works, and achievements. This work published several works of different authors, with original texts from founded 1960 till now 2021.

The goal of this work is to give an overview in future tense Monograph „Anniversaries of Croatian Metallurgy“: - The Foundation and Development of Croatian Metallurgical Society (CMS) from the Society of Engineers and Technicians of Steelwork Sisak (SETSS /1952-2022), with achievements and activities - The Development of metallurgy in the world whose beginnings date 7 000 years also 6 000 y metallurgy on the territory of today Croatia: Vučedol, Celtic and Roman, after with the arrival of Croatia to this territory. History of metallurgy, achievements and the destructions (1990-2012). It have also several press notices to the public information in order to sustain and revitalize the Croatian metallurgy (X Supplements) - Sixty years of the Foundation and Development of University studies of metallurgy in Sisak (1960-2020). From Metallurgical Dep. of Technological Faculty Zagreb, reorganizations in 1974, 1979, 1991 y till status of Metallurgical Faculty (MF) with incorporation in University of Zagreb. By results and difficulties during 60 years, gave citations Author´s works about MF, and parts of them also as whole texts (XV Supplements). - Sixty years of the publishing of the Metalurgija Journal (1962 – 2022), with print: 199 issues (238 Numbers), published 2721 Scientific (and Technical) papers, 287 contributions, a total of 3008 works, from 3575 Authors and Co-authors. Separately published from 14 Symposiums „Materials and metallurgy“ of Croatian Metallurgical Society (14 Editorial Books), „Book of Abstracts“ – 6009 Abstracts from approx. 10 000 Authors / Coauthors – Bibliography 1962-2022.

The Upper Dalan (Khuff-equivalent) Formation constitutes the principal reservoir of the giant gas fields in the Persian Gulf Superbasin. A sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis was conducted on selected cores from the South Pars, Kish, and Lavan gas fields, offshore Iran, to evaluate a recently proposed method for automatic reservoir zonation, and discuss the predictability of such defined zones. The succession consists of nine evaporite-carbonate lithofacies grouped into three shallow-marine facies associations (shoal, lagoon, and tidal flat) that were deposited on a low-gradient homoclinal ramp. Lithofacies are stacked into two complete long-term (3rd-order?) transgressive-regressive depositional sequences. Sequence boundaries were defined by facies stacking patterns and presence of evaporites and meteoric diagenetic features. The reservoir quality was improved by both early-stage dolomitization and dissolution, whereas pervasive pore-filling anhydrite cementation, compaction, and late-stage over-dolomitization reduced the reservoir quality. Whereas dolomitization overall slightly affected porosity, it significantly increased the permeability in mud-dominated lithofacies. Fibrous and bladed calcite rim cements, as well as micritization of the grain-dominated lagoon and shoal lithofacies, prevented porosity reduction during the early- and late-stage burial by building a stronger framework. Core-plug porosity and permeability measurements were used to calculate the Winland R35, Reservoir Quality Index (RQI), and Flow-Zone Indicator (FZI) values. A novel, fully automated approach, was used to effectively identify the hydraulic flow units (HFUs). The HFUs are sedimentologically distinct units with characteristic combinations of the original rock texture and the subsequent diagenetic overprint, and their subsurface position within the sequence stratigraphic framework may be predicted.

This work deals with the development of metallurgy in the world whose beginnings date 7 000 years B.C. On the territory of today s Croatia metallurgy has been present for 6000 years. Three civilizations have left evidence the Celtic, the Roman, and civilization of Vučedol. After the arrival of the Cratis to this territory, metallurgy developed more intensively in the region of Sisak and Banovina as well as Samobor and Gorski Kotar. Bells and guns were cast in Dubrovnik and Zagreb. The industrial production started in 1853 (Foundry in Rijeka), production of ferroalloys, Šibenik 1900 y, also Dugi Rat 1906 y, and in 1937 the production of aluminium and Al – alloys in Lozovac (continuo by 1905) as with the construction of the blast furnace in Caprag in 1939. In the period after 1945 until 1990, Croatia had several metallurgical companies and acceptable production coke, iron, steel, fero-alloys, electrodes, casting, reinforced concrete steel, seamless and welded tubes, strips, billets, aluminium etc. Total production in Croatia in 1990 was ~ 3 000 000 tons of various metallurgical products (without castings). Per year in 1990 until 2012 plants of over 2 600 000 t of metallurgical per year were torn down or put out of operations. Total metallurgical production in Croatia in was 2011 y 248 910 tons i.e. level 8,3 % (comparison with the production in 1990 y), what is significant of the destruction of Croatia metallurgy for 22 years. The Article give also several press notices to the public information by members of the Croatian Metallurgical Society and Apprentices in order to sustain and revitalize the Croatian metallurgy (supplements).

Research background: Numerous modern indicators are attempting to integrate better economic, political, social, and environmental ambitions to uncover potential synergy, trade-offs, and future views that center around the notion of a so-called green economy. As long as the various indicators are not bounded in one comprehensive measurement, utilizing knowledge of relevant information and statistics that are crucial for monitoring the progress will not give us answers on the progress towards green growth either. Without an adequate measurement framework and robust statistics, the evaluation of the green economy is open to subjective reasoning. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to offer a strong standpoint for green topics by exploring the concept of Green GDP. The paper introduces a new, updated database on Green GDP for the set of 160 countries from 1970?2019. Methods: This database is distinctive due to its balanced coverage of two components of the green economy: quantitative feature (standard methodological algorithm) and qualitative feature (opportunity costs) within a common Green GDP accounting framework. Findings & value added: Standardizing new methodologies and procedures for estimating environmental costs with a statistical foundation provides added value, which we hope will support the creation of reliable accounting and valuation systems for the green economy on a developing "green platform."

Transgenerational trauma refers to the situation where children are traumatized‎by the experiences of their (grand)parents. It is a unique combination of‎individual, familial, and collective (cultural) traumatic processes. The intertwining‎of these processes poses a particular representational challenge, one‎that could be overcome by the comics medium. It was proposed by various‎authors that the visual language of comics is particularly useful for portraying‎traumatic experiences, such as the fragmentation of time, trauma’s belatedness‎and the haunting presence of the past. In this article I analyse two‎graphic novels, Heimat: A German Family Album by Nora Krug and Sunday’s‎Child by Serena Katt, both of which explore the transgenerational perpetrator‎trauma, and the roles the authors’ families had during the Second World War.‎I show how the authors use representational and aesthetic choices that help‎them convey the process of fact-searching as well as emotional engagement‎and imagination that is characteristic for transgenerational trauma.‎