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Abstract This paper presents the application of an existing situational awareness framework to a newly developed artificial intelligence system to determine its awareness level. The system incorporates diverse automation techniques - knowledge graph, expert rules, machine learning - for gaining situational awareness and applying it in the field of air traffic control. Since the system was developed to serve as a foundation for exploring automation and artificial situational awareness, the primary result of this work is the system’s overall awareness level assessment and the identification of sub-systems that may be improved for additional awareness. The framework used was chosen in the fundamental project documents and its use proved beneficial as it enabled the demonstration of how general guidelines can be interpreted for a specific system. It also informed possible routes for improvement of the process. Highest priority awareness-related improvements are those dealing with robustness, whose implementation would substantiate the current awareness assessment. The system is shown to be on the highest awareness level conditionally, considering its proof-of-concept level. The high level reached by the system is contingent on awareness concept and condition interpretations. With the appropriate assessment of the system, implementation in an operational environment is more feasible.

There is a strong need and demand from the United Nations, public institutions, and the private sector for classifying government publications, policy briefs, academic literature, and corporate social responsibility reports according to their relevance to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is well understood that the SDGs play a major role in the strategic objectives of various entities. However, linking projects and activities to the SDGs has not always been straightforward or possible with existing methodologies. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques offer a new avenue to identify linkages for SDGs from text data. This research examines various machine learning approaches optimized for NLP-based text classification tasks for their success in classifying reports according to their relevance to the SDGs. Extensive experiments have been performed with the recently released Open Source SDG (OSDG) Community Dataset, which contains texts with their related SDG label as validated by community volunteers. Results demonstrate that especially fine-tuned RoBERTa achieves very high performance in the attempted task, which is promising for automated processing of large collections of sustainability reports for detection of relevance to SDGs. Horizon 2020; European Union (EU); Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (H2020-MSCA-IF-2019)

U ovom radu definiran je transport, kao neizostavan dio cijelog čovječanstva i koji je pretrpio velike promjene zbog utjecaja pandemije. Bit će opisana povijest razvijanja samog transporta i razjašnjeni pojmovi cestovnog transporta, prometa i prijevoza, vrste cestovnih vozila, novonastale pandemije i analizirani stvarni podaci na primjeru iz tvrtke. Doprema robe, transport, prijevoz imaju veliku važnost i povezanost jer se najveći dio prevozi cestovnim putem, a i prednost je dostava od vrata do vrata. Tvrtka koja je opisana i analizirana bavi se međunarodnim prijevozom, različitih vrsta i dimenzija tereta. In this paper, transport is defined as an indispensable part of all humanity and which has undergone major changes due to the impact of the pandemic. The history of the development of transport itself will be described and the concepts of road transport, traffic and transport, types of road vehicles, emerging pandemics and real data analyzed using an example from a company will be explained. The delivery of goods, transport, and transport are of great importance and connection, because most of them are transported by road, and door-to-door delivery is also an advantage. The company described and analyzed deals with international transport of different types and dimensions of cargo.

Tour guide performance has been a hotly debated academic topic, owing to the critical role they play in facilitating a variety of tourist experiences. Similarly, museum tour guides are the initial point of contact for tourists and have a substantial impact on the total visitor experience, but their performance is far less investigated. Visitors’ satisfaction and behavior intentions are inextricably linked to museum guide performances in this case. The purpose of this research was to implement and test a well-established scale for assessing tour guide performance in the museum context. Moreover, the aim was also to single out and discuss museum guide types based on their performances. The research was conducted during May and June 2021 on a sample of 255 visitors from five museums in Serbia. The data were processed by SPSS, R and RStudio. The results indicate the existence of five museum guide types: Classic Professional, Agile Empath, Operational Erudite, Trustworthy Caretaker, and Passionate Socializer. The study explores sociodemographic differences in visitors’ evaluations of tour guide performances and gives theoretical and managerial implication for each museum guide type. © 2022 by the authors.

Purpose The objective of this study was to provide insights into the most recent responses of sediments to climate change and their capability to sequester atmospheric carbon (C). Methods Three sediment cores were collected, one from the western Black Sea, and two from the southern Adriatic Sea. Cores were extruded and sectioned into 1 cm or 0.5 cm intervals. Sections were frozen, weighed, freeze-dried, and then weighed again to obtain dry weights. Freeze-dried samples were dated by using lead 210 (Pb-210) and cesium 137/ americium 241 (Cs-137/Am-241). Organic and inorganic C were determined by combustion. PArticle size distribution was determined using a Beckman Coulter pArticle size analyzer (LS 13,320; Beckman Coulter Inc.). Mineralogical analyses were carried out by a Philips X'Pert powder diffractometer. Results Sedimentation and organic and inorganic C accumulation rates increased with time in both the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea. The increase in accumulation rates continued after the global introduction in the early 1970s of controls on the release of phosphorus (P) into the environment and despite the reduced sediment yield of major rivers (Po and Danube). Therefore, the increased accumulation of organic and inorganic C in the sediments cannot be assigned only to nutrient availability. Instead, we suggest that the increase in organic C is the consequence of the increase in atmospheric C, which has made more carbon dioxide (CO2) available to phytoplankton, thus enabling more efficient photosynthesis. This process known as CO2 fertilization may increase the organic C accumulation in sediments. Simultaneously, the increase of sea temperatures decreases the calcite solubility resulting in increases of the inorganic C accumulation. Conclusion Our results suggest that long-term, general increases in accumulation rates of organic and inorganic C in sediments are the consequence of increases in atmospheric C. This shows that coastal sediments play an important role in C uptake and thus in regulating the Earth's climate. AV acknowledges the support of the Croatian Science Foundation-Youth Careers Development Project (ESF-DOK-1-2018). JO and TK acknowledge the support of the Croatian Science Foundation project IP-01-2018. Croatian Science Foundation-Youth Careers Development Project [ESF-DOK-1-2018]; Croatian Science Foundation [IP-01-2018]

Lubenice on the island of Cres in Croatia is one of the most valuable examples of a small historic Mediterranean town. Although the settlement is protected as an immovable cultural property and is also on the list of cultural assets of the Republic of Croatia for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List, developmental stagnation, continuous demographic decline, decay of part of the valuable building stock, inappropriate interventions on individual houses and the emergence of radical intervention initiatives in a time of change demand a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the town’s cultural heritage. This article presents a methodology for the analysis of a cultural landscape using the example of Lubenice. The methodological approach is based on the analysis of the historical development and of natural, urban and architectural features of the cultural landscape. The components of the cultural landscape were evaluated using general and specific criteria. Conducting an evaluation according to this methodology provides guidelines for future interventions in order to improve the preservation of historic heritage and prevent damage by future interventions, while ensuring sustainable development.

The archaeological and cultural heritage sites' role in urban regeneration in UNESCO’s protected areas becomes increasingly important for natural and cultural heritage protection in tourist cities with urban expansion. However, there is no straightforward methodological approach for the inclusion of these important natural and cultural heritage sites in the process of urban regeneration of the cities. This study aims to analyze how two contemporary urban planning tools, sustainable urban mobility plans and heritage impact assessments, contribute to archaeological sites' protection and sustainable use. The methodology used in this study is dual, theoretical, through literature review, and empirical, through the appliance of the case study method and expert observation and mapping of the most valuable archaeological sites in Boka Bay. The results of this study show that practical usage of the two proposed tools in the urban regeneration projects could help in cultural and natural heritage protection and their inclusion as drivers of sustainable urban planning and cultural heritage management. The results of the study confirm the authors’ hypothesis that the role of the archaeological sites in the process of urban regeneration is evident in the touristic cities in the coastal area of Montenegro, concluding that urban mobility principles and heritage impact assessment studies must be considered in the process of urban regeneration while at the same time, cultural (archaeological) heritage management is an integral part of this process. The Role of the Archeological Heritage Sites in the Process of Urban Regeneration of UNESCO’s Cities—Boka Bay Case Study

Global cultural heritage is threatened by the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters caused by climate change. International experts emphasise the importance of managing cultural heritage sustainably as part of a paradigm shift in cultural heritage perception, understanding, and management. This paradigm shift has stimulated a need to integrate cultural heritage into pre-existing disaster risk management governance. However, there is currently a lack of robust and practical approaches to map the complex nature of disaster risk management governance. It is here considered that a shared understanding of the respective roles and responsibilities of the different organisations involved in risk management is a critical element in improving the preparedness of cultural heritage sites. The purpose of this article is to present the utility of the Organigraph technique and its main components as a tool to map governance structures, identify key stakeholders, and integrate cultural heritage experts into wider disaster risk management. The article presents a semi-empirical research approach, consisting of four iterative phases in which a series of digital workshops, semi-structured meetings, and bilateral expert meetings were used to co-produce five Organigraphs for heritage sites participating in an ongoing European Project. Our findings suggest that Organigraphs provide a valuable tool at the disposal of practitioners and academics with the potential to provide a basis for cross-national, cross-issue, and cross-scale peer learning between heritage sites. Furthermore, the technique is a valuable self-diagnostic tool to facilitate learning and proactive discussions in the preparedness phase of disaster risk management. Finally, they facilitate the co-creation of solutions through an evolving, interactive platform to integrate data-driven approaches.