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Heritage admits diverse readings depending on different territorial spaces, contexts, and knowledge fields. The relation between Heritage and the social contexts is one of these knowledge areas. But Heritage accepts a dual perception as a cultural reflection. It may be considered either as the origins of the conflicts or the engine for recomposing disrupted territories. The paper proposes a reflection on the topics related to conflict territories and the roles currently played by Cultural Heritage. The recomposition of conflict territories is based on a continuous intercultural approach with important contributions from human rights, genders equality, intercultural dialogue perspectives and the fact of taking heritage as a territorial stabilization factor. The paper presents specific practical cases in the Eastern Mediterranean region where actions on Heritage religious elements collide with the national sovereign of the respective current countries. A comparative study among these different actions proves that the initial clashes can be progressively transformed into strategies able to become the future guideline for the resolution of heritage regional conflicts. These conflicts reflect two discourses: political (with strong links between national identity and religion) and scientific (with a clash between static concept and dynamic vision) where objects interact with the visitors.

This article describes the role of the unique writer Asad Dilmurod in modern Uzbek literary criticism. That is, in the literary process, certain opinions are expressed about his works, which cause controversy. The article concludes about the formation of the individual style of the writer

This article discusses the reflection of the expansion of the ethnographic worldview of young people in the aesthetic culture, as well as the influence of geographical, religious and historical criteria. The stages of formation and development of ethnocultural processes in the territory of Uzbekistan are analyzed from the point of view and essence of the period. Among the alien influences that affect the mentality, the factors that contribute to the formation of ethnoculture, namely the influence of society, the chain of cultural relations, the attitude of people to them, are also widely revealed.

A tourist who is at least a little familiar with the history of mankind does not need to ask questions: what is so attractive about tourism in Uzbekistan and what makes it stand out among hundreds of other tourist destinations. Because the answer is obvious. In the same way that this land, called by the ancient Greeks Transoxiana, attracted Alexander the Great almost two and a half millennia ago. What Fascinated the Arabs with the land they called Maverannahr - the land of two great Central Asian rivers - the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, mighty oasis cities inhabited by skilled artisans, the land of generous fields and gardens, giving sun-drenched harvests. The article describes the main sites of tourism in Uzbeksitan.

This article talks about the subtle essence of art, art forms and art of our country. There is information about the artists of our country and the trends of their work.

This research is aimed at identifying the parts of speech for the Kazakh and Turkish languages in an information retrieval system. The proposed algorithms are based on machine learning techniques. In this paper, we consider the binary classification of words according to parts of speech. We decided to take the most popular machine learning algorithms. In this paper, the following approaches and well-known machine learning algorithms are studied and considered. We defined 7 dictionaries and tagged 135 million words in Kazakh and 9 dictionaries and 50 million words in the Turkish language. The main problem considered in the paper is to create algorithms for the execution of dictionaries of the so-called Link Grammar Parser (LGP) system, in particular for the Kazakh and Turkish languages, using machine learning techniques. The focus of the research is on the review and comparison of machine learning algorithms and methods that have accomplished results on various natural language processing tasks such as grammatical categories determination. For the operation of the LGP system, a dictionary is created in which a connector for each word is indicated – the type of connection that can be created using this word. The authors considered methods of filling in LGP dictionaries using machine learning. The complexities of natural language processing, however, do not exclude the possibility of identifying narrower tasks that can already be solved algorithmically: for example, determining parts of speech or splitting texts into logical groups. However, some features of natural languages significantly reduce the effectiveness of these solutions. Thus, taking into account all word forms for each word in the Kazakh and Turkish languages increases the complexity of text processing by an order of magnitude

The concept of “metaphilosophy” appeared in the 40s XX century, though it is based on the positions of antique philosophy. Understanding of this phenomenon of culture can be found in philosophy from the early stages of its existence. The authors considered the philosophical discourse from the position of historical-philosophical and metaphilosophical methods combined. The research was aimed at studying the transformation of understanding and functioning of philosophy of the ancient philosophical tradition and its peculiarities at all stages of development. It was found that in the pre-classical period of ancient Greek culture, philosophy functioned primarily as intelligence about nature and later became a striving for wisdom and knowledge. A philosopher was perceived as a practitioner of what he taught, wrote and researched. The further development of metaphilosophy was influenced by a two-vector understanding of ancient philosophy – theoretical and practical.

The notion of “Cultural heritage” is quite modern compared to other humanistic fields developed in the last century. Conservation as a science has emerged and took shape during International conventions and treaties in many places in Europe and developed various frameworks to recognize the heritage and its value but based on “Eurocentric bias” criteria. The fact of sharing universal values and common practices during the age of globalization had a significant impact on conservation actions in contexts utterly different from western societies and don't share the same historical or cultural dimensions. Therefore, this study traces the history of the evolution of conservation in the west from two perspectives; the historical one and the developing methodologies, and the philosophies behind the main theories in conservation. Cultural heritage is a reflection of the identity of the society and its past; thus, this study outlines the development of conservation practices in Egypt within the International approaches in a chronological order to investigate the social response and the impact of the political and cultural influence of the cultural consciousness of the society and the conservation actions in the Egyptian context. Furthermore, to investigate the contribution of International charters in developing national policies in Egypt.

The article highlights the contribution of collectors to the formation of museum collections. In particular, the work of Mirza Bukhari, a local collector of ancient artefacts in Samarkand, his travels in Russian cities and his contribution to the formation of Central Asian collections in foreign museums is analysed on the basis of sources.

The end of empires and the rise of nation-states have transformed the way politics and societies operate and the modern sense of these changes, transformations, events, and situations. Language, culture, and memory are essential pillars of the nation-states' projects of creating a new society. The modern form of government, the nation-state, use history not only as a means of transmission but also as a means of building identity and memory. This study examines the case files of three critical names in the Kurdish movement and the history-based debates in their trials. By applying discourse analysis, we have shown how the Turkish state and The Kurdish Workers' Party used history as a tool to “prove” and “disprove” the existence of Kurds, the Kurdish language, and Kurdistan. While the judges imposed an evidence-based approach to history and denied the existence of Kurds, Kurdish and Kurdistan, the PKK members opposed the official thesis of the state and built their arguments more on the day-to-day realities of life. The study's main argument is that the official ideology uses history to prove and convey a message to the rest of society, whereas the defendants used it as a means of protest depending on the historical reality rather than history as a science. This study discusses that by using science to make examples of these members, the judges used history to prove the Kurds' non-existence, whereas the defendants implied history as a way of protesting the ruling authority.