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Alabama University has sued artist Daniel Moore for trademark infringement over his use of the university's team colors and other indicia in his artwork. The Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit will be releasing a decision soon. This paper asserts that the inclusion of sports team trademarks in artwork is a functional use. Therefore, in addition to fair use and 1st amendment defenses, the functionality doctrine of trademark law protects such artists from being held liable for trademark infringement.

Sentence is a form of human communication which is closely related to language system. Sentence is one of the recursive structures that are often found in daily conversation. Learning syntactic structure is useful to explore the meaning of the sentence contained on it or translated it into another language such as machine language. The problem is meaning, ambiguity, and the language that is not according to the rules of syntax, causing the command translation become more complex. This research is about parsing Indonesian syntax based on natural language rules for applications in the field of human-machine interaction. Each word that is a part of the sentence, is mapped into vector-space model. To estimate the potential connection of two words, we use the recursive neural network. The potential connection of two words translated into a higher structure to obtain a complete sentence structure. We obtain 93% accuracy, with 50 data-set are given in the learning process to represent a hundred vocabularies.

With the rise of Tang dynasty (618–907), Ningbo was an important commercial city on the Chinese eastern coast. Arab merchants had an important role in trade relations between China and the West. Ningbo mosque was initially built in 1003 during Northern Song period by Muslims traders who had migrated from Arab lands to settle in China. Through ongoing research of representative Muslim architecture, such as Chinese Mosques, this paper seeks to shed light on the artistic features of this mosque. Many of the key characteristics of this distinctive ethnic heritage are based on commonly held religious beliefs and on the relationship between culture and religion. This paper aims to study the characteristics of Chinese mosques architecture, through studying one of the most important planning patterns of the traditional courtyards plan Known as Siheyuan, and it will also make a practical study on Ningbo Yuehu Mosque. The result of this study shows that the Ningbo Yuehu mosque is like Chinese mosques which follows essentially the norms of Chinese planning, layout design, and wooden structures.

This PhD dissertation examines the role of insular Southeast Asia in the trans-regional networks of maritime trade that shaped the history of Indian Ocean. The work brings together data and approaches from archaeology, historical linguistics and other disciplines, proposing a reconstruction of cultural and linguistic contact between Southeast Asia and its maritime neighbours to the west in order to advance our historical understanding of this part of the world. Numerous biological, commercial and technical items are examined. The study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is one of the strongest tools to detect and analyse contact between two or more speech communities. It demonstrates how Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by speakers of Malay varieties, although other communities played a role as well. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study offers new perspectives on the role of insular Southeast Asian agents on cultural dynamism and interethnic contact in the pre-modern Indian Ocean World.

Indonesia, even though state gives a concession on moderate on religious matter, the phenomena shows that the radical Islamic group tries to intervene religious matter in Indonesia. Thus it might dangerous to manage the diversity that becomes national emblem. In this paper, I argue that democratic society should regulate and control religious activity. I have two reasons about it. My reasons are based on Indonesian experiences. First, the democratic society prevents activities of a majority religion that contain radical political activities and tried to force their values to other citizens.. The Second is the democratic society has a strong idea to protect minority and their religions.

: Aceh dalam Sejarah: Mempertahankan Tradisi dan Mengawal Modernitas. Tulisan ini berupaya mendiskusikan secara kritis tentang bagaimana masyarakat Aceh dalam sejarah, sementara mencoba menyesuaikan diri dengan dunia modern, mereka melakukan segala upaya untuk mempertahankan tradisi. Sebagai sebuah etnik yang memiliki masa lalu yang gemilang, Aceh senantiasa memiliki keterikatan kuat dengan “identitas”, dan hal ini dituangkan dalam banyak hal, termasuk “ingatan sosial.” Untuk itu, “tradisi”, digali dan dipertahankan. Namun, tantangan modernitas juga merupakan hal yang harus direspon dan disikapi. Dalam konteks inilah kelihatannya masyarakat Aceh berada di persimpangan jalan. Di satu pihak mereka berupaya mempertahankan tradisi yang telah ada namun juga harus melibatkan diri dalam kehidupan modern. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Aceh masih menemukan kesulitan dalam hal ini, karena mereka masih terpaku kepada “romantisasi sejarah”, bukan “kesadaran sejarah”, sehingga “ruh” masa lalu belum mampu dibawa ke masa kini. : This paper attempts to critically discuss on how the Acehnese in history, while trying to embrace the modern world, have made every effort at preserving their traditions. As an ethnic group which has a glorious past, Aceh has strongly been connected to “identity”; and this is expressed in various means, including “social memory.” For this very reason, “traditions”, including those of the past, are explored and preserved. Yet, the challenges of modernity are also apparent. It is in this context that the Acehnese are trapped at the crossroad. On the one hand, they tend to preserve their traditions, yet, on the other, they need to embrace modern lives. The Acehnese seem to have encountered considerable obstacles on this issue, for they tend to focus more on historical “romanticism” (nostalgia) rather than historical “awareness” (consciousness). Eventually, the “spirit” of the past cannot be brought into light.

Walisongo is the most important stake in the history of Islamic deployment in Nusantara. Facts of the history show that after the propagation run by Walisongo, Islam grew rapidly and inspired the development of Islam Nusantara. The idea of Islam Nusantara came from the spirit of Walisongo's Islam that later on continued by the scholars of Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah with the mission of tolerant, peacefulness, open-minded, and accommodating with Nusantara culture. Understanding the formula of Islam Nusantara is very important to analyse the identity of Islam in Indonesia, using the process of selection, acculturation, and accommodation. The diverse of Islam Nusantara with the combination of three items (theology, fiqih, and tasawuf), have created diverse tradition which are consolidated, established and dominant since the age of Bintoro Demak Sultanate up to now.

Damar Kurung Craft is one of the typical Gresik cultural products that have been widely recorded the civilization and life of Gresik people through its handiwork. The existence of Damar Kurung has been around since the Hindu-Buddhist era. It is a lantern that made of bamboo paper with painting embedded that become Javanese’s symbol of life. This research is qualitative research with descriptive approach. The object of this research is on the use of visual metaphor that described by Masmundari about Damar Kurung. The purpose of this research is to understand the meaning of symbols that embedded on Damar Kurung by Masmundari. At the same time, this writing is made to understand the environmental context where decoration of Damar Kurung is made, in order to establish the identity and identification of Javanese people. Keywords Culture, Art and Craft, and Damar Kurung.

Kajaolaliddong was well known as a scholar and advisor to the King of Bone in term life mainly related to basic values of state (kingdom), law, and/or political culture. The thoughts of Kajaolaliddong cover the aspects of customs, justice, jurisprudence, and complete governmental systems. Kajaolaliddong was an ambassador to assist the King in overcoming the problems which occurred with the neighboring kingdoms. Besides, this appointment aimed to grow and develop the Kingdom of Bone. The methods used were the library research referring to the ancients documents, such as lontaraq (Buginese ancient manuscript), oral and previous studies. The study shows that the basic pattern called pangadereng (customs) later becomes references of the King and other officials in their activities. The main narrations of Kajaolaliddong thoughts were lempue nasibawai tau (honesty and religiosity), ada tongeng nasibawa tike (true words with vigilance), siri nasibawai getting (shame or self esteem with determination), awaraningeng nasibawai nyameng kininnawa (courage with love), appesona ri Dewata seuwwae (surrender to One God). Of these five components, Kajaolaliddong thoughts emphasized three major components, namely honesty, intelligence, and courage.

Generally studies on pribumi and Chinese relationship in Indonesia are dominated with conflict perspectives. In fact, in practice, the relationship between the two groups can be very dynamic. Amongst social tension arose between them, there are often stories about social harmony, social engagement and social cohesion. This is also what we found in the Minang-Chinese relationship in Padang, West Sumatra. The Minang-Chinese relationship in Padang, West Sumatra, in current period has been not only about social tension. In spite of the strong tension arose due to differences in ethnicity and religious belief, they are strongly tied in running local trading, political party, and other areas of public policy making. Competition in economy often stands together with cooperation. This similarly works in local politics, and, recently, community recovery post 2009-earthquake. Such dynamic relationships is inseparable from ethnic politics constructed throughout Padang history in the past. This paper sees that the relationships of Minang and Chinese are inseparable from the ethnic politics constructed throughout Padang history. This paper tries to portray briefly the journey of Minang and Chinese relationship in Padang and the politics that contextualizes the making of that relationship based on literature research and in-depth interviews. Despite its shortness, this paper is supposed to provide background information for those interested in discussing the issue of ethnicity in Padang and West Sumatra.