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The MARS project (Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing) was initiated by the European Commission (EC) in 1988 as a research programme in which three Directorates were involved: DG-Agriculture, Eurostat and the Joint Research Centre (JRC)

This chapter introduces the theories of urbanism courses offered at the Urbanism Department in the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft. Urbanism is a discipline which has a crucial impact on how humans interact with the built environment. Understanding its theories is important and will be increasingly so in the twenty-first century as the world’s population becomes ever more urban. This chapter begins with a brief introduction outlining its contents. Section two then asks the question What is urbanism? and answers it by looking at how cities developed before going on to describe the discipline of urbanism itself. Section three highlights three theories of urbanism courses run by the Urbanism Department, showcasing their teaching methods, and showing how they are targeted to students’ different levels. The course deliverables, which are essays, are also explained here, including how they are graded and the feedback given. Section 4 deals with the courses’ learning objectives, explaining both explicit and implicit ones: the former being about understanding theories of urbanism and demonstrating that understanding; the latter being about professionalism more generally, e.g. how to communicate, meet deadlines, and write academically correct English. Finally, a brief conclusion recapitulates the importance of urban theory in the twenty-first century.

Business process models capture crucial information about business operations. To overcome the challenge of maintaining process definitions in large process repositories, researchers have suggested methods to discover errors in the functional and the behavioral perspectives of process models. However, there is a gap in the literature on the detection of problems on the organizational perspective of process models, which is critical to manage the resources and the responsibilities within organizations. In this paper, we introduce an approach to automatically detect inconsistencies between activities and roles in process models. Our approach implements natural language processing techniques and enterprise semantics to identify ambiguous, redundant, and missing roles in textual descriptions. We applied our approach on the process model repository of a major telecommunication company. A quantitative evaluation of our approach with 282 real-life activities displayed that this approach can accurately discover role inconsistencies. Practitioners can achieve significant quality improvements in their process model repositories by applying the approach on process models complemented with textual descriptions.

CLARIN is a European Research Infrastructure providing access to language resources and technologies for researchers in the humanities and social sciences. It supports the study of language data in general and aims to increase the potential for comparative research of cultural and societal phenomena across the boundaries of languages. This paper outlines the CLARIN vision and strategy, and it explains how the design and implementation of CLARIN are compliant with the FAIR principles: findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability of data. The paper also explains the approach of CLARIN towards the enabling of responsible data science. Attention is paid to (i) the development of measures for increasing the transparency and explainability of the results from applying CLARIN technologies, in particular in the context of multidisciplinary research, and (ii) stimulating the uptake of its resources, tools and services by the various communities of use, all in accordance with the principles for Open Science.

All that we're wrecking is stones" was Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar's dismissal of the Taliban's destruction of the Buddhas of Bamyan, the largest standing statues of Buddha in the world. The intention of the fighters was not only the destruction of foreign idols, but breaking the soul of a culture. Cultural Emergency in Conflict and Disaster insists that culture is a necessity for national self-respect. International heritage specialists, relief workers and politicians discuss the importance of protecting cultural heritage that is threatened by war and calamity; and reports on projects in conflict zones are augmented by contributions on international administrative and legal aspects, as well as political and socio-cultural perspectives. The result is both an indictment of the senseless destruction of cultural heritage and an argument for culture as a priority in processes of restoration and reconstruction.

Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lowerboundaries, including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Charts and detailed information on ratified GSSPs are available at the website http://www.stratigraphy.org. Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained numerical ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided. Numerical ages for all systems except Lower Pleistocene, Permian,Triassic, Cretaceous and Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by Gradstein et al. (2012); those for the Lower Pleistocene, Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous were provided by the relevant ICS subcommissions.Coloring follows the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (http://www.ccgm.org). To cite: Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated)The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204.