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A superficial view of the relations between economists and art historians reveals very little. Art history is not taught in the economics curriculum, and economics is not taught to students of art history. Economists consider art history as descriptive. The two landmarks of art history and economics, Johann J. Winckelmann's Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums and Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations are almost contemporaneous. Most economists argue for supplying more art, but little is known about whether this support also enhances the quality supplied: Does greater support coincide with 'better' art? This chapter discusses a non-exhaustive list of the most important economic rationalizations for such support. Artworks are, with some exceptions, heterogeneous. Each creation is unique and markets can hardly be analysed by the standard supply demand mechanism. Keywords:art history; economics

info:eu-repo/semantics/published SCOPUS: ch.b

Peace is a political construct in the early modern period. War was seen as a process whereby two sovereign states pursued their rights by violence or artifice. Domestic and international law were intertwined in legal doctrine. Writers of natural law-treatises incorporated an ought-dimension in their writings, aiming to describe the framework in which sovereigns were to act according to a systematic analysis of a morally established hierarchy. This chapter first provides an elementary overview of sources and historiographical traditions (I). Second, it presents the classical canon of doctrine, from Spanish neoscholastics (Vitoria) to so-called positivism (Martens), influenced by the broader intellectual, religious and institutional context: humanism, Enlightenment, confessionalisation and the Empire influenced thinking on war and peace (II). Finally, ‘law in action’ is addressed in a brief overview of the practical use of legal arguments: treaty collections and repositories of pamphlets were used in political praxis in conjunction with classical authors as Gentili, Grotius or Pufendorf (III).

© Springer International Publishing AG 2016. In this demonstration, we present ReGLL, a system that is able to learn language models taking into account the perceptual context in which the sentences of the model are produced. Thus, ReGLL learns from pairs (Context, Sentence) where: Context is given in the form of an image whose objects have been identified, and Sentence gives a (partial) description of the image. ReGLL uses Inductive Logic Programming Techniques and learns some mappings between n-grams and first order representations of their meanings. The demonstration shows some applications of the language models learned, such as generating relevant sentences describing new images given by the user and translating some sentences from one language to another without the need of any parallel corpus. ispartof: European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery location:Riva del Garda, Italy date:19 Sep - 23 Sep 2016 ispartof: Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery vol:9853 pages:55-58 ispartof: pages:55-58 status: published

Manger du cheval n’a rien d’un acte anodin dans les sociétés de l’Europe occidentale, depuis l’Antiquité et jusqu’à nos jours. Même dans les pays où cette viande est aujourd’hui vendue, sa consommation reste minoritaire, problématique, inégalement acceptée ; même aux yeux de l’hippophage le plus enthousiaste, elle reste marquée d’un frisson d’interdit. Ce n’est, on le sait, qu’au cours du xixe siècle que la viande de cheval est peu à peu apparue sur les tables belges, françaises, italiennes o...

International audience; As a result of the availability of new scientific methods, the archaeological evidence for long-distance trade in the Merovingian period is now better verified than in the past. This new evidence points to a continuation of important trade connections between western Europe, India, and Southeast Asia, connections that were first established in the Greco-Roman period. Long-distance trade, principally maritime but also overland, between India and the Mediterranean in the Greco-Roman epoch is well attested both by texts and archaeological evidence, albeit more of the latter for India than for the West (Suresh 2004, 2007). There are few written sources that attest to the survival of such exchanges with the West in the early Middle Ages, but one notable exception is Cosmas Indicopleustes’s Christian Topography (Wolska-Conus 1973), a sixth-century text by a Greek merchant who later became a monk. Indicopleustes, whose name literally means “traveler of the Indies,” reported making a trip by sea to the southern coasts of India and testified to the precious textiles, spices, and gems that still reached the Mediterranean (Doehaerd 1971). Indian and Persian, and later Arabic documents also attest to this activity (Banaji 2012; Christides 2013). Until recently, the evidence was similarly limited for material remains. Beyond some textile remains preserved in the treasuries of churches or found in exceptional excavations like those of the Merovingian burials in the basilica of Saint-Denis near Paris, material evidence for these exchanges was rare.This limited picture is no longer the case today thanks to recent excavations undertaken in western Europe and to pioneering laboratory work. It can now be confirmed that at the start of the Merovingian period, tiny glass “Indo-Pacific beads” and garnets from India and Sri Lanka were employed in large quantities in Gaul to produce decorative items. Both beads and garnets testify to the survival, at least until the end of the sixth century, of exchanges between the Indian subcontinent and the western Mediterranean world. This chapter focuses first on glass beads and then on garnets. It discusses the significance of recent advances in research that allows us to understand the sources of these materials, how far both kinds of artifacts traveled, and the purposes they served once they arrived in Merovingian territories.Glass beads are one of the most original and iconic artisanal productions of the Merovingian period. Despite their apparent profusion in early medieval graves, few production sites have been found up till now within Merovingian territories. This factor has led to lacunae in publications devoted to understanding the technology and mechanisms of the supply of this type of material. We are now closer to understanding some important aspects of these complex developments. Following a multidisciplinary study of glass beads (archaeological, archaeometric, and technological), several groups of beads have been shown to have distant origins, including Egypt and the Syro-Palestinian coast, the Middle East (probably Mesopotamia), and southern Asia (India and/or Sri Lanka). The first half of this chapter offers an overview of current research carried out on pulled glass beads found in Merovingian contexts. More particularly, it focuses on one category of beads—miniature beads (Ø ≤ 2.5 mm)—produced on the Indian subcontinent, which are found in quite large numbers in fifth- and sixth-century cemetery sites in Merovingian Gaul (Fig. 36.1). These tiny beads are commonly called Indo-Pacific beads in archaeological studies because of their wide distribution in the regions of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.

This article provides an overview of the dissemination work carried out in META-NET from 2010 until early 2014; we describe its impact on the regional, national and international level, mainly with regard to politics and the situation of funding for LT topics. This paper documents the initiative’s work throughout Europe in order to boost progress and innovation in our field.