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The study results of 255 10th-century coins, which have been found on the Volga Bulgar unfortified sites, located on Semyonovo Island in the mouth of the Kama River, are offered. The collection includes 251 silver coins, 2 Oriental copper ones, and two Western European coins. A fragment of the older Oriental coin has been identified as a Sassanian drachm dated to the 6th through to the 7th century; the more recent Oriental coin is a dirham of Nuh ibn Mansur of the Samanid dynasty, 366 АН (976/977 AD). The Western European coins originate from Denmark: they have been identified as denarii of Sveyn Estridsson (1047-1075). The chronological structure of the complex is shown in the figure, which demonstrates that within a 60-year period (295-355 AH) the frequency level of dirham findings has been roughly uniform and low; however, later (within a 10-year period corresponding to 361-370 AH), it dramatically increases 10 times. The lack of finds of coins minted after 367 AH (978/979), indicates the end of the settlement existence.

The article considers coins of the Bulgar minting of the Golden Horde Khan Pulad (1407–1410), deposited in the Izmery treasure. The total number of dirhams with the name of this khan reaches 220 copies. When studying the weight characteristics of coins, it was found that the mode corresponds to the value of 0.73 ± 0.02 g. Having studied the elemental composition of the surface layer of coin metal 50 dirhams, the authors established the amount of silver, copper and other elements: silver – 80.8–82.7%; copper – 15.2–16.9%; gold – 0.5%, the remaining components – about 1.7%. A comparison of the weight and elemental composition of the surface layer of the coins of Pulad and the previous ruler – Khan Shadibek, helped establish a slight decrease in the weight of Bulgar coins. The authors conclude that under Pulad in the Bulgar region there were no changes in coinage in the form of reforms.

The paper introduces into scientific circulation a collection of coins made of gold, silver and copper, discovered during the archaeological study of the settlement “Ekonomicheskoe” of the Crymsky district of Krasnodar region. In 2018, rescue excavations of the settlement were carried out by a joint archaeological expedition of the Research center for the preservation of cultural heritage (Saratov), The Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Kazan) and the Mari State University (Yoshkar-Ola). The analysis of nine coins identified copper coins of the Bosporus Kingdom, “Taman denarii”, revealed barbaric imitations of the Roman denarii of Marcus Aurelius, as well as a rare type of stater of Aspurgus 27 AD.

The results of preliminary investigation of the silver coinage material are discussed in this article, including the study of the chemical composition and structure of the transverse failure of six pieces of 10th century coins that were found on the territory of Semenovskoe I settlement. The advantageous geographical position of Volga Bulgaria at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers predetermined its economic and handicraft development. The Semenovskoe settlement was one of the major Bulgarian trade and handicraft centre in the 10th century. Numerous artifacts testifying to active trading, including a large number of various numismatic material, proof this idea. Samples were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy. The results revealed a particular manufacturing technology of numismatic findings based on the name of the ruler and the time of minting. Analysis of the coins’ fracture showed the appropriateness of the research methodology, which allows to avoid distortions arising from sample preparation. The results have proven incorrect data obtained from studies of the surface layer or thin cross sections. Authors plan to explore these findings in other analytical techniques to create the optimal research complex for the purpose of its application in the study of a wide range of archaeological numismatic material.

The finds of coins of the Golden Horde period from excavation trench CLXVIII located in the central part of the Bulgar fortified settlement site are examined and systematized in the article. Basic data on the numismatic material are presented in the form of tables. All in all, 40 coins were found: two silver and 38 copper ones. Of these, two coins are dated to the 13th century: a silver one (mint of Kerman) and one copper fels of Argun, the Mongol ruler of Iran (mint of Yazd?). The remaining coins were issued in the period of the 1320s through to the early 15th century. They were minted at the Bulgar, Saray, Saray al-Jadid, Gulistan and the Crimea mints. Bulgar emissions are represented by ten copper coins issued between 720 and 736 CE and, presumably, one most recent coin of the early 800s CE.

The article discusses the results of archaeological research in 2019-2020, conducted on the territory of the village of Selitpennoe in the Astrakhan Region, which overlaps the cultural layer of the Selitrennoe settlement. The characteristic of excavations and pits with the most expressive finds is given. The distribution of archaeological material and numismatic finds in chronological and topographical aspects is analyzed. Two previously unknown urban necropolises and a pottery workshop discovered in the course of research are localized. The dynamics of changes in the area of the medieval city in the 14th -15th centuries is presented. The analysis of the coin case shows the predominance of coins of the 1330s-1350s and the products of the Sarai al-Jedid mint. It is proved by archaeological methods that there is no cultural layer of the 13th century under the modern village. As a result of the materials obtained, the Selitrennoe settlement is identified by the author with the capital of the Ulus of Jochi, the city of Saray al-Jedid.

The author considers copper coins of the so-called “archaic” type minted in Bulgar. According to the author, they were issued in the mid – late 1230s. The main feature of these coins is a kind of legend handwriting and great weight. The work is the Corpus – the publication of all copies of the “archaic” dinars known to date. In addition to weight and diameter, the article provides photo images of most of the coins presented in the table. Materials are presented from the funds of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan, State Historical Museum (Moscow), ZENO database. Coins from the Bolgar State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve are first presented. After analyzing the weight histogram compiled from materials of weight 84 dinars, the author calculates the average weight – 6.01 g. Later, in the 1240s, copper coins with a weight of 3.1–3.3 g began to be issued in the Bulgar region. The article also provides rare versions of heavy-weight dinars minted, according to the author, immediately after the “archaic” type.

The authors analyze new numismatic finds from Bolgar fortified settlement, dig CLXXXV, which was excavated in 2013. All numismatic findings (240 coins) can be divided into three groups: stray silver coins – 23 pieces dating to the 13th – 14th centuries, a hoard of silver coins – 37 dangs of the 14th century, and copper dinars and pools of the 13th – 14th centuries – 180 pieces. Most of these were coined by the mint in Bolgar (Bolgar al-Makhrusa) – 82 pieces. Other coins represents mints in Saray (Saray al-Makhrusa), Saray al-Dzhadid, Gulistan, the Crimea and Mokhsha. Chronologically, most coins are dated by the middle of the 13th century – 44 copies, and by 1330s –1340s – 91 pieces. Although the structure of the hoard is typical for Bulgar hoards of the 14th century, this one is particularly valuable for the fact that its exact location is known precisely. Numerous copper coins allow undertaking a metrological analysis for each group – the copper dinars of the 13th century and the pools of the 1320s – early 1360s. The youngest dang in the hoard dates to 1362–1363, as the pools of Hyzr Khan do. This made the authors to infer that the monetary circulation in this part of the city stopped in the first half of the 1360s.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of archaeological monuments of the Golden Horde period discovered in the Kharkov region (Ukraine) in the basin of the Udy River (the Udy region). The authors present consolidated information published in scientific literature concerning the monetary hoards of the Golden Horde period discovered in the Kharkov region and the settlements dating back to the same period. The article also features mapping and localization analysis of the sites. The fact that the hoards and settlements of the Golden Horde period are concentrated in the Udy region, which is especially evident in view of the almost complete absence of synchronous sites in other microregions of the Kharkiv region, is accounted for by a significant transit trade route passing through the area at the time, which linked the town of Azaq (located at the crossroads of international Eurasian trade) with the Middle Dnieper region, further linking the area with the western and northern worlds, On the basis of an analysis of numismatic and archaeological data, the authors reconstruct the history of the studied territory in the second half of 13th – first quarter of 15th centuries, particularly the dynamics of the operation of the trade route and the associated infrastructure. Besides, the article outlines the promising directions and tasks for further studies.