• Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage

The article is devoted to the analysis of objects of antique ceramic imports from the burials of the early group (late VII – first half of the VI century BC) of the Sindian burial ground near the experimental farm «Anapa»: the Theos amphora and the Ionian cup. Special attention is paid to the amphora of the Theos (or the «circle of Clazomen»). The finds of similar amphorae in the burials of the Kuban and the East Azov region give reason to believe that one of the Greek emporiums through which the product contained in these amphorae got to the barbarians was the Alekseevka settlement located near Anapa. The topography of these finds outlines the direction of a stable route of movement of the nomadic population of the Early Scythian period, the final points of which were Greek settlements known as Alekseevka and Taganrog settlements.

Discovering England's Burial Spaces (DEBS) is a Historic England funded project based at the University of York, working with community groups to develop new tools for burial space research and dissemination. The project has designed and tested new resources that will help community groups record burial spaces like churchyards and cemeteries. It has also created a pilot national database for burial space research, so that groups can safeguard their research in perpetuity and share findings with other researchers. The Burial Space Research Database enables groups conducting research into burial spaces to share their findings and publish results. It also encourages groups to use standardised recording methodologies and vocabularies, meaning that datasets from different surveys are interoperable, allowing connections and comparisons to be made within and between research projects.

*English version below* Dieser Datensatz entspricht dem digitalen Anhang der Dissertation von Margaux Depaermentier mit dem folgenden Titel: Spätantike und frühmittelalterliche Sozialstruktur in Basel aus archäologischer und naturwissenschaftlicher Sicht. Die Beschreibung des Projektes (Kapitel 1.1), der Bestattungsplätze (Kapitel 5.1) und der Datenaufhebung und -vorbereitung (Kapitel 5.2.1) sind in den entsprechenden Kapiteln der Dissertation zu finden. • Die Excel-Datei "DigitalerAnhang1_Detaillierte_Exceltabelle_mit_Angaben_zu_allen_Bestattungen" bildet der digitale Anhang 1. Sie umfasst alle detaillierten Daten, die zu den verschiedenen Bestattungen aus den spätantiken und frühmittelalterlichen Bestattungsplätze Basels gesammelt wurden. Sie enthält Informationen zu: Fundstelle, Grabnummer, Lage des Grabes, Erhaltungszustand, Knochenreste bei der Ausgrabung, Geschlecht (anthropologisch, archäologisch und zusammengefasst), Alter, Pathologien und Verletzungen, Körperlage, Grabmassen, Grabtiefe, Grabform und -struktur, Ausrichtung der Bestattung, Anzahl an Beigaben, Grabausstattung, Tierreste im Grab und Datierung bzw. Einordnung in einer chronologischen Phase. Unter "Bemerkung" sind zudem Informationen zur bisherigen sozialen und/oder ethnischen Interpretation oder zum Fundkontext des Grabes zu finden. Diese Daten wurden aus der im Text zitierten Literatur sowie aus dem Archiv der Archäologischen Bodenforschung des Kantons Basel-Stadt (ABBS) gesammelt. Weitere detaillierte Daten zu den Pathologien und Verletzungen in den Fundstellen Basel-Aeschenvorstadt, Basel-Bernerring, Basel-Kleinhüningen und Basel-Gotterbarmweg sind auf Anfrage am Naturhistorischen Museum Basel (NMB) verfügbar. Zu den verwendeten Abkürzungen: "k. A." lautet immer "keine Angabe". Beim Geschlecht bedeuten die Buchstaben Folgendes: "F" = weiblich, "mF" = möglicherweise weiblich, "M" = männlich, "mM" = möglicherweise männlich, "U" = unbestimmt. Beim Alter bedeuten die Buchstaben Folgendes: "i1" = infans I, "i2" = infans 2, "i" = infans (ohne weitere Präzisierung), "J" = juvenis, "A" = adultus, "M" = maturus, "S" = senilis. Die in den Spalten "Knochenreste im NMB" und "Pathologien/Verletzungen" verwendeten Abkürzungen entsprechen den üblichen Abkürzungen aus dem Bereich der Anatomie und physischen Anthropologie. Bezüglich der Datierung der Bestattungen stellt die Spalte "Chrono1" eine präzisierte Stufung (z. B. mit Angaben zur Jahrhundertshälfte) der chronologischen Einordnung dar, während die Chrono2-Spalte einer gröberen Stufung entspricht. • Die csv-Datei "DigitalerAnhang2_Alle_FMA_Graeber_R" bildet der digitale Anhang 2. Diese Datei wurde für die Erstellung der KDE in der räumlichen Analysen der einzelnen Fundplätzen verwendet. Nota bene: Im R-Skript (Anhang 5.3 der Dissertation) wurde die Datei nur "Alle_FMA_Graeber_R" genannt. Die Datei besteht aus Informationen zu den Koordinaten der einzelnen Bestattungen (einmal als WGS 84, einmal im Schweizer System), zur Fundstelle, zur Grabnummer, zur Störung, zum Geschlecht und Alter, zur Grabtiefe (in cm), zur Grabform und -ausrichtung, zur Beigabenmenge, zur Grabausstattung und zur Datierung. In der Spalte "Geschlecht" werden die "möglichen" Männer und "möglichen" Frauen jeweils als "moeglM" und "moeglF" gezeichnet. In der Spalte "Alter" wurden alle Kinder (Alterskategorie infans I und infans II in der obengenannten Excel-Datei) unter "I" zusammengefasst. Die Kategorien "kein", "ein", "wenige", "mehrere" und "viele" zur Beschreibung der Beigabenmenge sind in der Dissertation im Kapitel 5.2.1, Absatz "Anzahl der Objekte im Grab" definiert. Die Beschreibung der Grabausstattung wurde in Form einer Präsenz-Absenz-Tabelle vorgelegt (wo 0 = Absenz, und 1 = Präsenz, ohne Angabe zur genauen Anzahl an Vertreter der jeweiligen Kategorie im Grab). Auch die für die Beschreibung der Grabausstattung verwendeten Kategorien wurden in der Dissertation (siehe Kapitel 5.2.1 und insbesondere Kapitel 5.4.5) definiert. Aus dieser Datei wurden alle unsicheren Befunde sowie die aussagelosen Reste von alten Bestattungen gelöscht, um die räumliche Untersuchung auf die für diese Arbeit relevanten Bestattungen zu fokussieren *English version* This dataset corresponds to the digital appendix of Margaux Depaermentier's dissertation entitled: Late Antique and Early Medieval Social Structure in Basel from an Archaeological and Scientific Perspective (original german title: Spätantike und frühmittelalterliche Sozialstruktur in Basel aus archäologischer und naturwissenschaftlicher Sicht). The description of the project (chapter 1.1), the burial sites (chapter 5.1) and the data collection and preparation (chapter 5.2.1) can be found in the corresponding chapters of the dissertation. • The Excel file "DigitalerAnhang1_Detaillierte_Exceltabelle_mit_Angaben_zu_allen_Bestattungen" constitutes the digital appendix 1. It includes all the detailed data collected on the various burials from the Late Antique and Early Medieval burial sites at Basel (CH). It contains information regarding: Site, grave number, location of the grave within the site, state of preservation, bone remains at the excavation, sex (anthropological, archaeological and summarised), age, pathologies and injuries, body position, grave masses, grave depth, grave shape and structure, orientation of the burial, number of grave goods, burial equipment, animal remains in the grave and dating respectively classification in a chronological phase. In addition, information on the hitherto existing social and/or ethnic interpretation or on the finding context of the grave can be found under "Bemerkung" (= "remarks"). These data were collected from the literature cited in the text as well as from the archives of the Archäologische Bodenforschung des Kantons Basel-Stadt (ABBS). Further, detailed data on the pathologies and injuries at the sites of Basel-Aeschenvorstadt, Basel-Bernerring, Basel-Kleinhüningen and Basel-Gotterbarmweg are available on request at the Natural History Museum Basel (NMB). Regarding the abbreviations used: "k. A." always means "no information". Regarding the gender, the letters mean the following: "F" = female, "mF" = possibly female, "M" = male, "mM" = possibly male, "U" = undetermined. As for the age, the letters mean the following: "i1" = infans I, "i2" = infans 2, "i" = infans (without further specification), "J" = juvenis, "A" = adultus, "M" = maturus, "S" = senilis. The abbreviations used in the columns Knochenreste im NMB (= "Bone remains in the NMB") and "Pathologien/Verletzungen" (= "Pathologies/injuries") correspond to the usual abbreviations used in the field of anatomy and physical anthropology. With regard to the dating of the burials, the column "Chrono1" represents a more precise gradation (e.g. with information on the half-century) of the chronological classification, while the Chrono2 column corresponds to a rougher classification. • The csv file "DigitalerAnhang2_Alle_FMA_Graeber_R" constitutes the digital appendix 2. This file was used for the generation of KDE in the spatial analyses of the different sites. Nota bene: In the R script (Appendix 5.3 of the dissertation) the file was simply called "Alle_FMA_Graeber_R". The file consists of information on the coordinates of the individual burials (once as WGS 84, once in the Swiss system), the site, the grave number, the grave perturbation, the sex and age, the grave depth (in cm), the grave shape and orientation, the amount of grave goods, the grave equipment and the dating. In the column "Geschlecht" (= "Sex") the "possible" men and "possible" women are drawn as "moeglM" and "moeglF" respectively. In the column "Alter" (= "age"), all children (age category infans I and infans II in the above Excel file) were grouped under "I". The categories "kein", "ein", "wenige", "mehrere" und "viele" (= "none", "one", "few", "several" and "many") used to describe the amount of grave goods are defined in the dissertation in chapter 5.2.1, paragraph "Anzahl der Objekte im Grab" (= number of objects in the grave). The grave equipment was presented in the form of a presence-absence table (where 0 = absence, and 1 = presence, with no indication of the exact number of items among each category within the grave). The categories used to describe the grave equipment were also defined in the thesis (see chapter 5.2.1 and especially chapter 5.4.5). All uncertain features as well as the inconclusive remains of old burials were deleted from this file in order to focus the spatial analysis on the burials that are relevant for this study.

The EAS Census is the research database of the Beyond the Tribal Hidage Project. The project examined the emergence of regional Anglo-Saxon kingdoms across southern England using archaeological data, adopting an explicitly comparative approach to establish reasons for spatial and temporal variation between different population groups. Three kingdoms shared a geographical region, yet each had contrasting characteristics at the point of entry into the historical record. The project database comprises all finds pots (to 2007), all burial records and all associated artefacts for the period AD450-700. The artefacts are identified by type, raw material and weight - this data was used to plot comparative distributions across the study area.

The excavation revealed several features of probable late Saxon date, including a number of aligned ditches (property boundaries), a dog burial within a pit and other smaller pits. Some of these features can be correlated with recorded documentary evidence. Medieval features include an east to west aligned ditch just to the north of the present day northern boundary wall of the former Redworth House, other ditches and some intercutting pits. In addition several other ditches and some quarry pits can be assigned to the post-medieval and modern periods. The evidence from these features was relatively typical for the periods represented, with domestic pottery, ironwork (including an awl and nails) and worked bone. A small amount of evidence for earlier activity includes worked flint, and a few residual Roman and early/middle Saxon sherds, with a collection of Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age flints found during the watching brief. This deposition includes the site data and post-excavation data gathered from the excavation and watching brief, the physical archive is being held in the Salisbury and Wiltshire Museum under the accession number 2018.99.

Gender has long been recognized as an important structuring agent in Bronze Age communities across Europe. A strong impression of binary gender emerges from some Early Bronze Age cemeteries, and models of social organization developed from this evidence have greatly influenced understandings of gender across the continent. This article focuses on two regions with more equivocal evidence: Ireland and Scotland, where idiosyncratic practices characterize individual cemeteries alongside wider trends. Expressions of gender varied in radical ways between different communities, and this cannot be captured or explained by the current grand narratives for the European Bronze Age. Instead, the author argues that gender could be subtle, contextual, and of varying importance to individual communities at different times, not necessarily a common feature unifying the European Bronze Age.