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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    This study evaluates the robustness of two state-of-the-art deep contextual language representations, ELMo and DistilBERT, on supervised learning of binary protest news classification and sentiment analysis of product reviews. A ``cross-context'' setting is enabled using test sets that are distinct from the training data. Specifically, in the news classification task, the models are developed on local news from India and tested on the local news from China. In the sentiment analysis task, the models are trained on movie reviews and tested on customer reviews. This comparison is aimed at exploring the limits of the representative power of today's Natural Language Processing systems on the path to the systems that are generalizable to real-life scenarios. The models are fine-tuned and fed into a Feed-Forward Neural Network and a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory network. Multinomial Naive Bayes and Linear Support Vector Machine are used as traditional baselines. The results show that, in binary text classification, DistilBERT is significantly better than ELMo on generalizing to the cross-context setting. ELMo is observed to be significantly more robust to the cross-context test data than both baselines. On the other hand, the baselines performed comparably well to ELMo when the training and test data are subsets of the same corpus (no cross-context). DistilBERT is also found to be 30/% smaller and 83/% faster than ELMo. The results suggest that DistilBERT can transfer generic semantic knowledge to other domains better than ELMo. DistilBERT is also favorable in incorporating into real-life systems for it requires a smaller computational training budget. When generalization is not the utmost preference and test domain is similar to the training domain, the traditional ML algorithms can still be considered as more economic alternatives to deep language representations. Bu çalışma ELMo ve DistilBERT adındaki bağlamsal ve derin doğal dil sistemlerini protesto haber metni ve kullanıcı yorumlarının ikili sınıflandırılması olmak üzere iki farklı senaryo üzerinden kıyaslamaktadır. Asıl amaç, bu modern sistemlerin birbirinden çok farklı girdileri modellemedeki başarısını ölçmek, bu sayede doğal dil işlemeyi hedef alan sistemlerin gerçek hayattaki kaynak çeşitliliğine ne kadar iyi adapte olabildiğine ışık tutmaktır. Bu amaçla, modeller eğitilirken ve başarımı ölçülürken bağlamca ayrışan veri kümeleri kullanılmıştır. Sözgelimi, ilk senaryo için Hindistan ve Çin'in yerel gazete haberlerinden, ikinci senaryo için ise sinema filmleri ve teknolojik cihazlara yapılan kullanıcı yorumlarından faydalanılmıştır. ELMo ve DistilBERT kullanılarak üretilen kelime vektörleri, biri ileriye doğru, diğeri özyineli olmak üzere iki farklı sinir ağına verilmiştir. Daha basit ve bağlamsal olmayan Çokterimli Naif Bayes Sınıflandırıcısı ve Doğrusal Destek Vektör Makinesinin sonuçları temel alınmıştır. Sonuçta, DistilBERT'in ELMo'ya kıyasla, bu iki senaryoda, farklı test ortamlarına daha dayanıklı olduğu, üstüne /%30 daha küçük ve /%83 daha hızlı olduğu görülmüştür. ELMo ise, yine, farklı bağlama geçişte, iki temel algoritmadan daha başarılı olmuştur. Buradan yola çıkarak, DistilBERT'in dilin genellenebilir anlamsal özelliklerini daha iyi öğrendiği ve gerçek-zamanlı dönüt gerektiren sistemlerde ve bellek kaynağı bakımından sınırlı bütçelerde ELMo'dan daha kullanışlı olduğu yargısına varılabilir. Öte yandan, genellenebilirliğin gözetilmediği, test verisinin eğitim verisine benzediği durumlarda Naif Bayes gibi daha basit ve ekonomik algoritmalar derin sinir ağlarına alternatifler olarak tercih edilebilir. 85

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Other literature type . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    arXiv.org e-Print Archive
    Other literature type . Preprint . 2023
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Thesis . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Other literature type . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      arXiv.org e-Print Archive
      Other literature type . Preprint . 2023
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Thesis . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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The following results are related to Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    This study evaluates the robustness of two state-of-the-art deep contextual language representations, ELMo and DistilBERT, on supervised learning of binary protest news classification and sentiment analysis of product reviews. A ``cross-context'' setting is enabled using test sets that are distinct from the training data. Specifically, in the news classification task, the models are developed on local news from India and tested on the local news from China. In the sentiment analysis task, the models are trained on movie reviews and tested on customer reviews. This comparison is aimed at exploring the limits of the representative power of today's Natural Language Processing systems on the path to the systems that are generalizable to real-life scenarios. The models are fine-tuned and fed into a Feed-Forward Neural Network and a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory network. Multinomial Naive Bayes and Linear Support Vector Machine are used as traditional baselines. The results show that, in binary text classification, DistilBERT is significantly better than ELMo on generalizing to the cross-context setting. ELMo is observed to be significantly more robust to the cross-context test data than both baselines. On the other hand, the baselines performed comparably well to ELMo when the training and test data are subsets of the same corpus (no cross-context). DistilBERT is also found to be 30/% smaller and 83/% faster than ELMo. The results suggest that DistilBERT can transfer generic semantic knowledge to other domains better than ELMo. DistilBERT is also favorable in incorporating into real-life systems for it requires a smaller computational training budget. When generalization is not the utmost preference and test domain is similar to the training domain, the traditional ML algorithms can still be considered as more economic alternatives to deep language representations. Bu çalışma ELMo ve DistilBERT adındaki bağlamsal ve derin doğal dil sistemlerini protesto haber metni ve kullanıcı yorumlarının ikili sınıflandırılması olmak üzere iki farklı senaryo üzerinden kıyaslamaktadır. Asıl amaç, bu modern sistemlerin birbirinden çok farklı girdileri modellemedeki başarısını ölçmek, bu sayede doğal dil işlemeyi hedef alan sistemlerin gerçek hayattaki kaynak çeşitliliğine ne kadar iyi adapte olabildiğine ışık tutmaktır. Bu amaçla, modeller eğitilirken ve başarımı ölçülürken bağlamca ayrışan veri kümeleri kullanılmıştır. Sözgelimi, ilk senaryo için Hindistan ve Çin'in yerel gazete haberlerinden, ikinci senaryo için ise sinema filmleri ve teknolojik cihazlara yapılan kullanıcı yorumlarından faydalanılmıştır. ELMo ve DistilBERT kullanılarak üretilen kelime vektörleri, biri ileriye doğru, diğeri özyineli olmak üzere iki farklı sinir ağına verilmiştir. Daha basit ve bağlamsal olmayan Çokterimli Naif Bayes Sınıflandırıcısı ve Doğrusal Destek Vektör Makinesinin sonuçları temel alınmıştır. Sonuçta, DistilBERT'in ELMo'ya kıyasla, bu iki senaryoda, farklı test ortamlarına daha dayanıklı olduğu, üstüne /%30 daha küçük ve /%83 daha hızlı olduğu görülmüştür. ELMo ise, yine, farklı bağlama geçişte, iki temel algoritmadan daha başarılı olmuştur. Buradan yola çıkarak, DistilBERT'in dilin genellenebilir anlamsal özelliklerini daha iyi öğrendiği ve gerçek-zamanlı dönüt gerektiren sistemlerde ve bellek kaynağı bakımından sınırlı bütçelerde ELMo'dan daha kullanışlı olduğu yargısına varılabilir. Öte yandan, genellenebilirliğin gözetilmediği, test verisinin eğitim verisine benzediği durumlarda Naif Bayes gibi daha basit ve ekonomik algoritmalar derin sinir ağlarına alternatifler olarak tercih edilebilir. 85

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Other literature type . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    arXiv.org e-Print Archive
    Other literature type . Preprint . 2023
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Thesis . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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    popularityAverage
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    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    visibility17
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    downloaddownloads23
    Powered by Usage counts
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Other literature type . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      arXiv.org e-Print Archive
      Other literature type . Preprint . 2023
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Thesis . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
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