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The Yığma Tepe of Pergamon is one of the largest known burial mounds in the Eastern Mediterranean. Its internal structure, especially the existence and location of burials, remains unknown so far because its height of 32 m and the diameter of 158 m have restricted extensive excavations. To explore the interior of the Yığma Tepe, we applied shear wave reflection profiling and traveltime tomography, locally complemented by electrical resistivity tomography. Shear wave reflection imaging enabled us to identify the layering and localize structures down to the basal surface of the mound with a metre‐scale resolution. A grid of crossing SH‐wave profiles with 4‐m line spacing covered the central mound area. The Yığma Tepe can be subdivided into three stratigraphic layers representing different construction phases, each about 10 m thick. The deepest is a consolidated layer with a locally compacted surface. SH‐wave reflection imaging verified the collapsed remains of a tunnel system and a shaft at about 30‐m depth that had been dug into the mound at the level of the basal surface at the beginning of the 20th century. The tunnel collapse created a damage zone of decreased S‐wave velocity reaching up to the overlying middle layer, in which four seismic objects of interest (SOIs) were detected. The largest of these SOIs is a north–south‐oriented structure, about 15 m long and 4 m wide. SH‐viscoelastic forward modelling showed that it likely consists of a collapsed walled cavity with a zone of loosened soil above. The third layer covers the underlying two and is enriched with large stone packages as verified by local excavations. We show the capabilities of shear‐wave reflection seismic to image small‐scale structures under complicated topographic conditions and how characteristics of cavities and volumes of decompacted soil can be evaluated by wavefield modelling. Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 German Archaeological Institut (DAI)

The influx of Muslims from Crete to the various provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and their narratives of suffering had a deep impact on the Ottoman public through civil society organizations and the press. This article examines public protest meetings that took place in different urban centres of the Ottoman Empire regarding the political developments in Crete in 1910. The main focus will be on the emotional responses of the Ottoman public and their reactions towards the oath taken by the Christian deputies in the name of the Greek king in the Cretan assembly. Drawing on various Ottoman newspapers and archival documents, this article investigates the place of the politics of emotions in the public demonstrations and deals with the question of how emotion has shaped public opinion and helped to construct patriotic ideals as well as contributing to the formation of a national future.

Titel:Vilken inverkan kan en artefakt med symboliskt och historiskt laddat värde ha, i syfte att omvrida en företagskultur? Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur människor upplever och förstår ett kul- turellt förändringsinitiativ, utifrån en artefakt med symboliskt och historiskt laddat värde. Detta genom att titta på ett specifikt fall för att i realtid kunna studera hur artefakten påverkar människornas värderingar, föreställningar, innebörder och känslor kopplat till artefakten. Studiens ändamål är att bidra med fördjupad kunskap inom organisationsforskningen och fenomenet företagskultur. Studien är en explorativ fallstudie vilken genomfördes med hjälp av observationer, semistrukturerade intervjuer samt granskning av fältanteckningar. Organisationsmedarbetare som är direkt involverade i och påverkade av organissationsförändringsinitiativet observerades delvis i sin arbetsmiljö och under intervjuer. Intervjuerna baserades på den artefakt som lett förändringsinitiativet med fokus på organsiationsmedarbetarnas upplevelser och förståelse av artefakten/förändringen. För att analysera empirimassan användes tematisk analys. Studien har kommit fram till att artefakter som karaktäriseras av gemensamma före- ställningar och positiv attityd kan användas för att kunna omdefiniera grundläggande antaganden och omvrida kulturen. Studiens empiriska fynd visar även att det kan upp- stå en konflikt med att använda en historisk laddad artefakt med starka band till det förflutna. Förklaringen är att symboler är kontextberoende, där den nutida kontexten inte överensstämmer med de kollektiva föreställningarna. De meningsskiljaktigheter som uppstår kan bidra till att försvaga kulturen istället för den goda tanken om att förstärka den. De negativa attityderna kan orsaka splittring, vilket blir svårt för led- ningen att använda i sitt kulturprogram. 

Denna Vetenskapliga bilaga till boken Sven Ljungberg, målare (Bonniers 1986) innehåller noter till alla bokens kapitel med de källor som åberopas samt en förteckning av de källor och den litteratur, som ligger till grund för Anne Lidéns forskning om Sven Ljungbergs konst. Dessutom innehåller bilagan även en bildförteckning med titel och årtal över de 200 konstverk som presenteras i bokens illustrationer. I denna version även en kronologi över åren 1913-1985 i Sven Ljungbergs liv (1913- 2010). Den Vetenskapliga bilagan har framlagts som doktorandrapport vid Konstvetenskaliga institutionen, Stockholms universitet, HT 1986, som ett vetenskaplig komplement till boken när den publicerades. Anne Lidén, Boken Sven Ljungberg målare, Bonniers 1986

Osmanlıların 1683’te Viyana önlerindeki yenilgisi, Avrupa’da Kutsal İttifak adıyla bir haçlı birliğinin doğmasına neden oldu. İttifaka karşı yapılan savaşlarda Osmanlı Devleti, Macaristan’da ve Mora’da toprak kaybetmeye başladı. 1686’da ka- yıplar sarsıcı boyutlara erişince nefîr-i âmm ilanına gidildi. Bundan sonra cihada katılmak Müslümanlar için fıkhen farz-ı ayn haline gelmiş ve bir nevi seferberlik hayata geçirilmiştir. Nefîr-i âmm, ahaliye askeri olduğu kadar mali yükümlülükler de getiriyordu. Bu kapsamda 1688’de nefîr-i âmm bedeli adıyla yeni bir vergi tarh edildi. Çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin nefîr-i âmm bedeli uygulaması çerçevesinde hazine gelirlerini artırma çabası incelenmiş ve bu bedelin savaşın sürdürülebilirliğine yaptığı mali katkı ile yeni vergiye karşı toplumun gösterdiği tavır üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. İncelemeler neticesinde nefîr-i âmm bedeli kapsamında devletin toplam gelirlerinin %3,28’ine tekabül eden bir katkının sağlandığı ve verginin toplanması esnasında ahalinin kayda değer bir muhalefet sergilemediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

The aim of this study was to compare the conventional combination of three-dimensional dosimeter (nPAG gel) and readout method (MRI) with other combinations of three-dimensional dosimeters (nPAG gel/Presage (TM)) and readout methods (optical CT scanners). In the first experiment, the dose readout of a gel irradiated with a four field-box technique was performed with both an Octopus IQ scanner and MRI. It was seen that the MRI readout agreed slightly better to the TPS. In another experiment, a gel and a Presage (TM) sample were irradiated with a VMAT field and read out using MRI and a fast laser scanner, respectively. A comparison between the TPS and the volumes revealed that the MRI/gel readout had closer resemblance to the TPS than the optical CT/Presage (TM) readout. There are clearly potential in the evaluated optical CT scanners, but more time has to be invested in the particular scanning scenario than was possible in this study. (Less)

In this study, we explore the constitution of user representations of robots in design practice. Using the results of ethnographic research in two robot laboratories, we show how user representations emerge in and are entangled with design activities. Our study speaks to the growing popularity of and investment in robotics, robots and other forms of artificial intelligence. Scholars in Science and Technology Studies (STS) have shown that it is often difficult for designers and engineers to develop accurate ideas about potential users of such technologies. However, the social context of robots and design settings themselves have received significantly less attention. Based on our laboratory ethnographies, we argue that the practices in which engineers are engaged are important as they can shape the kind of user images designers create. To capture these dynamics, we propose two new concepts: ‘image-evoking activities’ as well as ‘user image landscape’. Our findings provide pertinent input for researchers, designers and policy-makers, as they raise questions with regards to contemporary fears of robots replacing humans, for the effectiveness of user involvement and participatory design, and for user studies in STS. If design activities co-constitute the user images that engineers develop, a greater awareness is needed specifically of the locales in which the design of robots and other types of technologies takes place.